Objective To explore the genuineness of Exocarpium Citri Grandis(ECG) from Huazhou city of Guangdong province.Methods We used the method of high performance liquid chromatography to detect the naringin content in ECG from different producing areas of Huazhou city.Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was used for the examination of genetic distance,and plasma-atomic emission spectrometry for the detection of soil elemental abundance of 8 elements such as aluminium(Al),kalium(K),calcium(Ca),ferrum(Fe),titanium(Ti),boron(B),magnesium(Mg),and manganese(Ma).The correlation of the above three parameters was analyzed by statistical software SPSS 11.5.Results Ca abundance in the surface soil layer had an obvious effect on the content of naringin,and the difference of Al and K abundance in subsoil layer was correlated with the genetic distance of ECG.Conclusion The genuineness of ECG is probably related with the abundance of phlopopitum in the soil of producing areas of Huazhou city.

Objective To analyze whether routine prophyrlactic antibiotic administration is necessary for the patients undergoing coronary stent implantation. Methods The clinical data of 156 patients from January 2010 to December 2010 (prophylactic antibiotic therapy),and 466 patients from January 2014 to December 2014(no-prophylactic antibiotic therapy), who underwent coronary stent implantation, were retrospectively analyzed. The prophylactic antibiotics and the infection rates in two groups were compared. Results The rate of infections related to coronary stent implantation in no-prophylactic antibiotic therapy group and prophylactic antibiotic therapy group, such as surgical site infection (0.2% vs 1.3%,P>0.05) and catheter-related infection(0.6% vs 1.9%,P>0.05), was not significant different(P>0.05). Similarly, the unrelated to coronary stent implantation was not significant different, too ( P > 0. 05). Conclusion Routine prophylactic antibiotic administration is unnecessary for the patients undergoing coronary stent implantation.

Objective To investigate the effect of minitype titanium plate fixation through transoral approach in the treatment of unstable atlas fractures.Methods A retrospective case series study was made on 21 patients with unstable atlas fractures treated by minitype titanium plate fixation through transoral approach from June 2008 to June 2014.There were 15 males and 6 females,at age of (40.9 ± 10.6)years (range,21 to 57 years).Anterior 1/2 Jefferson fractures were seen in 12 patients and 1/2 ring Jefferson fractures in 9 patients.Preoperative visual analogue score (VAS) was 4-9 points [(7.6 ± 1.3) points].Before operation,degree of mobility of the cervical vertebra was (15.4 ± 3.9) °in bending,(10.8 ± 2.5) °in extending,(18.3 ± 3.1) ° in left-bending,(18.9 ± 2.7) ° in right-bending,(21.8 ± 5.8) °in left-rotation and (22.4 ± 4.6) ° in right-rotation.Operation time,intraoperative blood loss,VAS,cervical mobility and bone healing were detected after operation.Results Operation time was (86.3 ±25.3)m in,and intraoperative blood loss was (120.5 ± 33.3)ml.VAS was improved to 0-2 points [(1.6 ± 0.4) points] at postoperative 3 days (P ＜ 0.05).All patients were followed up for 12 to 48 months[(23.7 ±5.9) months].VAS was improved to 0-2 points[(0.6 ± 0.1) points] at postoperative 3 months (P ＜ 0.05).Degree of mobility of the cervical vertebra was improved significantly at postoperative 3 months,with the bending of(38.6 ± 4.5) °,extending of (39.3 ± 4.0) °,left-bending of (39.2 ± 4.0) °,right-bending of (39.2 ± 2.9) °,left-rotation of (66.8 ± 8.8) ° and right-rotation of (66.3 ± 9.2) ° (P ＜ 0.05).Postoperatively,there were no surgical wound incision infections and vertebral artery or spinal injuries,Bone union was found in all patients,without the occurrence of implant loosening or breakage and the dysfunction of the cervical vertebra.Conclusion Minitype titanium plate fixation through transoral approach is associated with less trauma,high healing rate and preservation of the activity of cervical vertebra in the treatment of unstable atlas fractures.

Objective To compare the outcomes of percutaneous pedicle instrumentation combined with vertebral augmentation or vertebra pedicle instrumentation for treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures (OVCF) in elderly patients.Methods A retrospective case cohort study was conducted on 62 patients with OVCF manifesting non-neurological symptoms treated from January 2009 to January 2012.There were 22 males and 30 females,with a mean age of 61.3 years (range,55 to 70 years).Fracture level was T11 in 8 patients,T12in 20,L1 in 22 and L2 in 12.Treatments included percutaneous pedicle instrumentation combined with vertebral fracture fixation in 36 patients (Group A) and percutaneous pedicle instrumentation combined with vertebral augmentation in 26 patients (Group B).Operation time,intraoperative blood loss,anterior vertebral body height,sagittal Cobb angle and visual analogue score (VAS) were compared between the two groups.Results All patients were followed up for average 46.5 months (range,36 to 58 months).Operation time in Group A [(82.6 ±16.2) min] was shorter than that in Group B [(96.8 ± 20.6) min] (P ＜ 0.05).Blood loss in Group B [(40.5 ± 10.2) ml] was less than that in Group A [(52.2 ± 15.5) ml] (P ＜ 0.05).Before operation and 3 days and 1 year after operation,the anterior vertebral body height and sagittal Cobb angle in Group A showed no significant differences compared to Group B (all P ＞ 0.05).At the final follow-up,the ratio of anterior vertebral height and Cobb angle in Group B [(87.8 ± 2.5) ％,(7.8 ± 3.5) °] were better than these in Group A [(82.6 ±3.2)％,(9.1 ± 1.8)°] (P＜0.05).VAS showed no statistical significance between the two groups before and after operation (P ＞ 0.05).Bone cement leakage was seen in four patients in Group B.During the perioperative period,there were 3 patients with lung infection in Group A and 1 patient with lower limb deep vein thrombosis in Group B.No implant failure occurred in both groups.Conclusion Both procedures are effective in treating elderly patients with OVCF,but percutaneous pedicle instrumentation combined with vertebral augmentation is associated with better results in maintaining vertebral height and preventing kyphosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of caspases-3 on doxepin-induced apoptosis in rat neurons.Methods The PC12 cells seeded in culture plates were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:normal control group (group C);doxepin group (group D);caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK group (group Z);doxepin + Z-DEVD-FMK group (group DZ).In group C,the cells were continuously incubated for 24 h.In group D,doxepin was added with the final concentration of 120 μmol/L,and the cells were continuously incubated for 24 h.In group Z,Z-DEVD-FMK was added with the final concentration of 10 μmol/L,and the cells were continuously incubated for 24 h.In group DZ,doxepin and Z-DEVD-FMK with the final concentrations of 120 and 10 μmol/L,respectively,were added,and the cells were continuously incubated for 24 h.After 24 h of incubation,the cell viability was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay,the cell morphology was observed under inverted microscope,and the neuronal apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry.Apoptosis rate was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the cell viability was significantly decreased,and apoptosis rate was increased in D and DZ groups (P＜0.01),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group Z (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group D,the cell viability was significantly increased,and apoptosis rate was decreased in group DZ (P＜ 0.01).The morphological changes were significantly mitigated in group DZ as compared with group D.Conclusion Caspases-3 may mediate doxepin-induced apoptosis in rat neurons.

Microsatellite is a genetic marker, explored recently. In order to improve related studies on genetics of Anopheles gambiae, simple sequence repeats of the entire mosquito genome with 1～6 bp nucleotide motifs were analyzed.Abundance and distribution of microsatellites across the A.gambiae genome were analyzed and compared between various (exons, introns and intergenic) regions of all the chromosomes. About 2.14% of the mosquito genome was occupied by SSRs. Chromosome X had the maximum density of SSRs. Abundance orA repeats was similar to C repeats. AC was a little more than two times as abundant much as AG. However, AT and CG repeats were rare. For tri- and tetramer repeats, AGC,AAAC and AAAT predominated while ACG, ACT, AGG, CCG, ATGC, CCCG, ACTG, AACT, ACGT, AGAT, CCGG,ACCT and AGCT were rare. For some pentamer repeats, one was completely absent on a certain chromosome, even on several chromosomes. SSRs in exons of all chromosomes were less abundant than in introns and intergenic regions except for mono- and dimer repeats in exons of chromosome 2L. Abundance and distribution of SSRs on the two arms of each chromosome showed much in common.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous posterior short-segment pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty for stage Ⅲ Kümmell's disease without neurological deficit.Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 36 patients with stage Ⅲ Kümmell's disease without nerve injury admitted to Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2012 to January 2017.There were 10 males and 26 females,aged 55-75 years,with an average of 67.5 years.The injuried vertebrae were located at T11 in 9 patients,at T12 in 12,at L1 in 10 and at L2 in 5.The course of disease ranged from 6 to 48 months,with an average of 28.5 months.X-ray,CT and MRI were performed before operation.All patients underwent percutaneous posterior short-segment pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty.The operation time,intraoperative bleeding volume,complications,visual analogue scale (VAS),Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) and sagittal Cobb angle of the injured vertebrae were recorded before operation,1 week after operation and at the last follow-up.Results All patients were followed up for an average of 32.5 months (range,12-48 months).Operation time ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 hours [(1.1 ± 0.4) hours].The intraoperative blood loss was 50-90 ml [(62.5 ± 17.5)ml].There was no internal fixation failure or fracture of adjacent vertebra.The VAS was improved from preoperative (8.6-± 0.4) points to (2.5 ±0.7) points one week after operation and (2.9 ± 0.7) points at the last follow-up (P ＜ 0.05).The ODI was improved from preoperative 68.2 ± 3.9 to 22.7 ± 4.3 one week after operation and 25.3 ± 4.8 at the last follow-up (P ＜ 0.05).The Cobb angle was improved from preoperative (24.3 ± 9.3) ° to (8.6 ±3.2)° 1 week after operation and (10.5 ±4.1)° at the last follow-up (P＜0.05).Conclusion For stage Ⅲ Kümmell's disease without neurological deficit,percutaneous posterior short-segment pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty can significantly relieve pain,improve spinal function and maintain spinal stability.

Objective:To investigate how medical staff recognize and understand the nursing quality evaluation in robot-assisted arthroplasty so as to provide reference and evidence for construction of a nursing quality evaluation system for robot-assisted arthroplasty.Methods:The descriptive phenomenological research method was used for this qualitative research. From May to October, 2021, 6 doctors and 9 nurses from Operating Room, Laoshan Campus, Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University were interviewed in a semi-structured way about the nursing quality evaluation for robot-assisted arthroplasty. The data were sorted out by Nvivo12.0 qualitative analysis software, and the interview data were analyzed while the themes and topics refined according to the Colaizzi seven-step analysis of phenomenological data.Results:Three themes were extracted. ① The first theme was related to the quality evaluation of nursing structure, including 2 topics: nursing staff allocation and nursing quality management in operating room. ② The second theme was related to the quality evaluation of nursing process, including 4 topics: environment and facilities, nosocomial infection control, management of patients' operative safety, and specialized operative nursing. ③ The third theme was related to the quality evaluation of nursing outcomes, including 3 topics: satisfaction for operating room nursing, incidence of adverse events and patients' benefits.Conclusion:The themes and topics for nursing quality evaluation in robot-assisted arthroplasty extracted from the perspective of medical staff can provide reference for construction of a reasonable, scientific, efficient and comprehensive nursing quality evaluation index system.

Objective:To understand the current practice of preoperative bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery in China.Methods:A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted through wechat. The content of the questionnaire survey included professional title of the participants, the hospital class, dietary preparation and protocol, oral laxatives and specific types, oral antibiotics, gastric intubation, and mechanical enema before elective colorectal surgery. A stratified analysis based on hospital class was conducted to understand their current practice of preoperative bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery.Result:A total of 600 questionnaires were issued, and 516 (86.00%) questionnaires of participants from different hospitals, engaged in colorectal surgery or general surgeons were recovered, of which 366 were from tertiary hospitals (70.93%) and 150 from secondary hospitals (29.07%). For diet preparation, the proportions of right hemicolic, left hemicolic and rectal surgery were 81.59% (421/516), 84.88% (438/516) and 84.88% (438/516) respectively. The average time of preoperative dietary preparation was 2.03 days. The study showed that 85.85% (443/516) of surgeons chose oral laxatives for bowel preparation in all colorectal surgery, while only 4.26% (22/516) of surgeons did not choose oral laxatives. For mechanical enema, the proportions of right hemicolic, left hemicolic and rectal surgery were 19.19% (99/516), 30.04% (155/516) and 32.75% (169/516) respectively. Preoperative oral antibiotics was used by 34.69% (179/516) of the respondents. 94.38% (487/516) of participants were satisfied with bowel preparation, and 55.43% (286/516) of participants believed that preoperative bowel preparation was well tolerated. In terms of preoperative oral laxatives, there was no statistically significant difference between different levels of hospitals [secondary hospitals vs. tertiary hospitals: 90.00% (135/150) vs. 84.15% (308/366), χ 2=2.995, P=0.084]. Compared with the tertiary hospitals, the surgeons in the secondary hospitals accounted for higher proportions in diet preparation [87.33% (131/150) vs. 76.78% (281/366), χ 2=7.369, P=0.007], gastric intubation [54.00% (81/150) vs. 36.33% (133/366), χ 2=13.672, P<0.001], preoperative oral antibiotics [58.67% (88/150) vs. 24.86% (91/366), χ 2=12.259, P<0.001] and enema [28.67% (43/150) vs. 15.30% (56/366), χ 2=53.661, P<0.001]. Conclusion:Although the preoperative bowel preparation practice in elective colorectal surgery for most of surgeons in China is basically the same as the current international protocol, the proportions of mechanical enema and gastric intubation before surgery are still relatively high.

Objective:To understand the current practice of preoperative bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery in China.Methods:A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted through wechat. The content of the questionnaire survey included professional title of the participants, the hospital class, dietary preparation and protocol, oral laxatives and specific types, oral antibiotics, gastric intubation, and mechanical enema before elective colorectal surgery. A stratified analysis based on hospital class was conducted to understand their current practice of preoperative bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery.Result:A total of 600 questionnaires were issued, and 516 (86.00%) questionnaires of participants from different hospitals, engaged in colorectal surgery or general surgeons were recovered, of which 366 were from tertiary hospitals (70.93%) and 150 from secondary hospitals (29.07%). For diet preparation, the proportions of right hemicolic, left hemicolic and rectal surgery were 81.59% (421/516), 84.88% (438/516) and 84.88% (438/516) respectively. The average time of preoperative dietary preparation was 2.03 days. The study showed that 85.85% (443/516) of surgeons chose oral laxatives for bowel preparation in all colorectal surgery, while only 4.26% (22/516) of surgeons did not choose oral laxatives. For mechanical enema, the proportions of right hemicolic, left hemicolic and rectal surgery were 19.19% (99/516), 30.04% (155/516) and 32.75% (169/516) respectively. Preoperative oral antibiotics was used by 34.69% (179/516) of the respondents. 94.38% (487/516) of participants were satisfied with bowel preparation, and 55.43% (286/516) of participants believed that preoperative bowel preparation was well tolerated. In terms of preoperative oral laxatives, there was no statistically significant difference between different levels of hospitals [secondary hospitals vs. tertiary hospitals: 90.00% (135/150) vs. 84.15% (308/366), χ 2=2.995, P=0.084]. Compared with the tertiary hospitals, the surgeons in the secondary hospitals accounted for higher proportions in diet preparation [87.33% (131/150) vs. 76.78% (281/366), χ 2=7.369, P=0.007], gastric intubation [54.00% (81/150) vs. 36.33% (133/366), χ 2=13.672, P<0.001], preoperative oral antibiotics [58.67% (88/150) vs. 24.86% (91/366), χ 2=12.259, P<0.001] and enema [28.67% (43/150) vs. 15.30% (56/366), χ 2=53.661, P<0.001]. Conclusion:Although the preoperative bowel preparation practice in elective colorectal surgery for most of surgeons in China is basically the same as the current international protocol, the proportions of mechanical enema and gastric intubation before surgery are still relatively high.