Eight murine monoclonal antibodies against surface determinants of Schistosoma japoni-cum (Chinese mainland strain) schistosomula were generated,of which only one monoclonal IgM antibody (N15D9) gave protection at level ranging from 14 to 39% in experiments of passive transfer or inhibition of infectivity while the others did not exhibit significant levels of passive protection.Further characterization of N15D9 antigen specificity showed that 96 and 14 kDa antigen molecules in cercaria,and 132 and 10 kDa in schistosomula could be recognized by N15D9 in Western blot assay.Furthermore,the 96 and 132 kDa molecules could also be recognized by pooled infected human sera while 14 kDa and 10 kDa only by sera from mice vaccinated with 3-hour schistosomula.The molecules recognizable by N15D9 were surface epitopes repeatedly expressed on cercaria,in vitro 3-hour mechanically transformed schistosomula and 5 day lung-stage schistosomula,as demonstrated by indirect immuno-fluorecence surface binding assay.

Objective:To explain the present status of licensed pharmacists in China, and put forward suggestions for perfecting the system by a problem-focused method. Methods: The data from Certification Center for Licensed Pharmacists of CFDA and 2535 pieces of questionnaire from nationwide were reviewed, and the practice registration, distribution, educational background, qualifica-tions and the other status were analyzed. Results:Generally, the development of licensed pharmacists in China was promising. Howev-er, there were still some problems existing in China such as the lower registration rate compared with some countries abroad, the une-ven distribution inside, and the unclear duty understanding. Conclusion:It is proposed to formulate relevant policies to strengthen re-gional guidance, improve registration rate, distinguish the content of continuing education and so on in order to promote the quality of licensed pharmacists in China.

Objective To determine the main reproductive performance of six SPF mice and rats preserved in our laboratory, including C57BL/6, BALB/c, NIH, KM, ICR mice and SD rats.Methods Inbred mice mated with full sib and random mating.Meanwhile, closed colony animals were bred by cross circular mating.These indexes of reproductive performance were measured in the six kinds of animals during the first birth to the fourth birth, i.e.the average litter size (ALZ), average baby number reared ( ABN) and average weaning number ( AWN), and weaning rate ( WA) were calculated.Meanwhile, the initial mating age in days, initial bearing age in days, first gestation and intervals were measured.Results The ALZ of inbred mice were 6 to 7.The reproductive indexes were basically stable in the first 3 births, however, the various data were dramatically declined in the fourth birth ( P<0.05 ) .The WA of BALB/c mice were 98%to 99%, and that of C57BL/6 mice were 96%to 98%.The ALZ of closed colony animals were 12 to 15, and significantly increased in the second and third births compared with that of the first birth (P<0.05), then was significantly reduced ( P<0.05) .The WA maintained at 98%to 99%in the NIH, KM and ICR mice.In contrast, The WA of SD rats was slightly lower, reaching 95%to 97%.The initial mating age in days of mice was between 70 d to 80 d.The initial bearing age in days and first gestation of rats were less than that of inbred mice, the initial bearing age in days and first gestation of closed colony rats were 136.3 d and 27.7 d, respectively.The pregnancy interval of inbred mice was between 34 d to 40 d,the pregnancy interval of closed colony mice was between 25.5 d to 28.7 d, the pregnancy interval of rats was between 32.8 d to33.8 d.Conclusions The 6 mouse and rat strains have a higher reproductive performance, and the data obtained in this study provide a basis for commercialized production of mice and rats in southern areas of China, and for establishment of rodent experimental animal resource.

Objective To evaluate the treatment of radial head fracture of different type. Methods The clinical data of 80 radial head fracture cases from November, 1999 to December,2009 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Among the 80 cases,12 cases received conservative treatment( all type Mason Ⅰ ) ;48 cases received open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) (4 case type Mason Ⅰ ,15 cases type Mason Ⅱ ,24 cases type Mason Ⅲ,5 cases type Mason Ⅳ ); 12 cases received removing radial head ( 4 cases type Mason Ⅲ and 8 cases type Ⅳ ).8 cases received artificial joint replacement ( 8 cases type Mason Ⅳ ). Results All cases were followed up for 1.0 -4. 1 years. According to the Mayo Elbow Performance Index, the excellent and good rate of treatment in nonoperative,ORIF,excision of the radial head as well as artificial joint replacement was 83.3 % (10/12) ,87.5 %(42/48) ,75.0% (9/12) and 100. 0% (8/8) ,respectively. Conclusions Conservative treatment can be selected for type Mason Ⅰ ;Open reduction and internal fixation can be selected for type Mason Ⅱ , type Mason Ⅲ and part of type Mason Ⅳ. The excision of radial head or mental prosthesis replacement is alternative for type Mason Ⅳ for those can not be treated with open reduction and internal fixation.