Experimental studies on the myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in 16 anaethetized SDrats,of which,8 animals were pretreated with morphine(5 mg/kg,i.p.)for preventing of arrhyth-mias,were studied immunocytochemically with anti-muscle actin specific monoclonal antibody (HHF_(35)),8 shan-operated rats were used as control.With HHF_(35) ABC immunocytochemical method,the area of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury(without morphine)showed decrease or ab-sence of staining,large areas of staining loss were also seen.In the group with morphine,only smallfoci of staining absence were shown.The myocardium in control animals showed evenly positive stain-ing.No change were seen with HE staining in all groups.The results obtained with HHF_(35) stainingsupport its important value in studying on myocardic reperfusion injury,and indicated that the degreeof myocardic damage may be relative to the arrhythmias in myocardial reperfusion injury.

Objective To investigate the relationship between dynamic changes of plasma D-dimer and survival rate of the esophageal carcinoma patients pre-and post-operation.Methods 30 cases of normal control group,160 cases of esophageal cancer group( including operation cases n =112),with the gold standard method for the determination of plasma D-dimer.Results There was a link between the level of D-dimer,TNM staging,lymph node metastasis and tumor size in esophageal carcinoma patients.Compared with the preoperation,the plasma D-dimer is significantly elevated 2 years later( t =7.35,P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion Before or after the operation,dynamic changes of plasma D-dimer had a relationship with short-term survival rate.

Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles with diameters from 30 to 150 nm, released upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell surface. They can transport nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids for intercellular communication and activate signaling pathways in target cells. In cancers, exosomes may participate in growth and metastasis of tumors by regulating the immune response, blocking the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and promoting angiogenesis. They are also involved in the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Exosomes in liquid biopsies can be used as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis of cancers. Because of their amphipathic structure, exosomes are natural drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy.