Pharmacology is a bridge discipline between medicine and pharmacy,betmeen basic medicine and clinical medicine,between life sciences and chemistry as well as material science. Phar?macology is closely related to many subjects,and is an indispensable subject in medical sciences. It plays an important role in the development of medical sciences. The main tasks of pharmacology development involve rational drug use,new drug research and development,and promotion of medical sciences and life sciences. During the whole process of new drug development,the development of pharmacolo?gy has played a positive role. As such,new drug research and development depends on the develop?ment of pharmacology. Pharmacology plays an important role in the development of new drugs and is involved in the whole process of research and development. Thus,it is a support subject for new drug development. Strengthening pharmacological research and improving the overall level of pharmacologi?cal in China are of great significance for promoting new drug research and development and ensuring ra?tional drug use.

High-throughput screening is a regular approach available for identitying new lead compounds for the growing validated drug targets in drug screening. However, it has also introduced a large number of peculiar molecules which interfere drug screening. Pan assay interference compounds (PAINS) interfere with the progress of drug screening in various ways, such as interfering with a biochemical assay, modifying the protein, aggregate-based inhibitors and so on. So it is of vital significance to remove them. This paper has consulted the concept, category of PAINS and reviewed the way of PAINS interfering and the countermeasures to cope with them to direct the approach of high through screening and improve the hits percent.

Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), also known as vitamin D3-up-regulated protein (VDUP1), is an endogenous inhibitor of thioredoxin (Trx), which regulates the cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) state. TXNIP regulates cellular survival, apoptosis and inflammation induced by glucotoxicity, heat shock and mechanical pressure. The above functions of TXNIP are regulated by carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK). In recent years, numerous studies showed that TXNIP is involved in diabetes and diabetic complications. On the one hand, TXNIP functions in diabetes by increasing insulin resistance and hepatic gluconeogenesis. TXNIP expression is induced by high glucose, which is implicated in pancreatic beta cell glucotoxicity and endothelial cells dysfunction. TXNIP may contribute to the development and progression of diabetes and its vascular complications. TXNIP may be a new target for diabetes and its vascular complications therapy.

This study discussed problems in consistency assessment of generic drugs and analyzed effect of polymorphs on drug quality and its influence on consistency of curative efficiency.Relationship between evaluation method of polymorphs and curative efficiency was investigated.It showed that establishment of curative efficiency related evaluation indicators was necessary and improvment of techniques was important.Drug quality criteria should be added with requirement of curative efficiency control.Related information based on polymorphs could be provided for technical research in consistency assessment.

Aim To produce cerebral embolism rat model via in-travascularly formed thrombus. Methods Thrombus was formed in common carotid artery ( CCA ) by constant galvanic stimulation, then it was shattered and MCA was occluded. To i-dentify the feature of the model, focal cerebral blood flow ( CBF ) , cerebral infarction volume and behavior tests were measured. Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA) were observed. Results This model developed a reduction of blood flow (30% of baselines) within the MCA territory. Signifi-cant infarction and neurological disorder were observed 24 h after the embolism onset. Thrombolysis with tPA ameliorated the path-ological process which was mentioned above. Conclusion Cer-ebral embolism model induced by intravascular formed thrombus in rat is suitable for the research of pathology and thrombolytics for embolic stroke.

The research and development (R & D) of novel Chinese materia medica (CMM) have made a great progress in recent years.But problems still exist in druggability evaluation of novel CMM,such as uncertain evaluation content and lack of key technology.Druggability evaluation is the key to the success or failure for R & D of novel CMM.Observation on the effect and safety of novel CMM is the core of druggability evaluation.The important pharmacological problems include the choice of evaluation indicator,clinical indication,analysis of material basis,investigation of mechanism,research on pharmacokinetics and safety evaluation.Modem technologies should be used in druggability evaluation.We should have a correct understanding of the concept of novel CMM.The grasp of the meaning of novel drugs and the essence of CMM theory will be helpful for R & D of novel CMM.

Remarkable advances in cellular reprogramming have made it possible to investigate relevant cell populations derived from induced pluripotent stem cells ( iPSCs ) of patients. Be-cause many diseases have its specific genetic information, using the cells to convert into iPSCs can build up a set of genetic pro-file of diseases. The iPSCs which contain the genetic contribution of the donor can be expanded and differentiated into cells of the affected lineages to show aberrant phenotypes in culture. To date, over fifty such disease models have been reported, and while the field is young and hurdles remain, we can foresee the huge potential of it in drug screening. Recent studies using iP-SCs to model various neurogenetic disorders are summarized. Compared to the traditional methods, we analyze the future de-velopment of iPSC based disease models and its past application on high-throughput screening ( HTS) and high-content screening ( HCS) .

Neurodegenerative diseases are complex nervous system disorders as a result of myelin damage,synapses loss and/ or neuron loss. The pathogenesis of these diseases is still not completely clear. Protein kinases play an important role in both normal nerve cells and neurodegenerative disorders. lnhibitors of protein kinases can effectively regulate the physiological function of nerve cells and prevent the development and progression of the disease. This article reviews protein kinases and their inhibitors involved in Alzheimer disease,Parkinson disease,Huntington disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.

The anti-inflammatory mechanism of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is mainly due to inhibition of COX-2 activity. NSAIDs can also inhibit COX-2 expression and produce anti-inflammatory effect independent of COX. These COX-independent mechanisms include inhibiting transcription factors such as NF-?B and AP-1, interfering with signal transduction pathways through actions on Erk、p38MAPK、IKK and RSK2, activating PPAR? and HSF-1, inhibiting iNOS and transport of prostanoids from their generating cells.