The superiority of magnetic resonance(MR)images in soft tissue imaging makes them indispensable for medical diagnosis and radiotherapy,but factors such as acquisition cost and contraindications limit their widespread application.In contrast,computed tomography(CT)scanning has the advantages of fast imaging speed and low cost.Herein,this review summarizes the research progress of generative deep learning models in the field of medical CT to MR image synthesis,and especially analyzes the technical characteristics,performance advantages,and challenges of various MR image synthesis methods from clinical scenarios such as spinal lesions,acute ischemic stroke,and tumor segmentation.Furthermore,the application value and future research prospects of medical image synthesis are discussed.

The superiority of magnetic resonance(MR)images in soft tissue imaging makes them indispensable for medical diagnosis and radiotherapy,but factors such as acquisition cost and contraindications limit their widespread application.In contrast,computed tomography(CT)scanning has the advantages of fast imaging speed and low cost.Herein,this review summarizes the research progress of generative deep learning models in the field of medical CT to MR image synthesis,and especially analyzes the technical characteristics,performance advantages,and challenges of various MR image synthesis methods from clinical scenarios such as spinal lesions,acute ischemic stroke,and tumor segmentation.Furthermore,the application value and future research prospects of medical image synthesis are discussed.

This article reports a case using China's self-developed HaloStitch? system to complete a percutaneous suture-mediated patent foramen ovale closure under ultrasound guidance alone,achieving outstanding clinical outcomes.This innovative method represents a new approach to patent foramen ovale treatment and is an ideal surgical technique.

The incidence of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture (OTLVF) in the elderly is gradually increasing. The kyphotic deformity caused by various factors has become an important characteristic of OTLVF and has received increasing attention. Its clinical manifestations include pain, delayed nerve damage, sagittal imbalance, etc. Currently, the definition and diagnosis of OTLVF with kyphotic deformity in the elderly are still unclear. Although there are many treatment options, they are controversial. Existing guidelines or consensuses pay little attention to this type of fracture with kyphotic deformity. To this end, the Lumbar Education Working Group of the Spine Branch of the Chinese Medicine Education Association and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized the experts in the relevant fields to jointly develop Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with kyphotic deformity in the elderly ( version 2024), based on evidence-based medical advancements and the principles of scientificity, practicality, and advanced nature, which provided 18 recommendations to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:Osteopontin(OPN)has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in various stroke models.Its role in neuroinflammation after brain injury remains to be elucidated.This study aims to clarify the effect of OPN on neuroin-flammation,particularly on the functional states of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).Methods:Thirty rats were randomly divided into the following groups:Sham,SAH,and SAH+OPN.SAH rat model was prepared by secondary injection of autologous arterial blood,and OPN was given intranasally in the treatment group.Neurological function was evaluated by modified Garcia score.The degree of cerebral edema was evaluated by measuring brain water content.The expression of microglia activation markers CD86,inducable nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),CD206 and arginase 1(Arg-1)after SAH and OPN treatment was detected by RT-qPCR.The levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,and IL-13 in cerebrospinal fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results:Intranasal ad-ministration of OPN could improve the neurological dysfunction and cerebral edema in SAH rats.What's more,OPN could inhibit the expression of CD86,iNOS,IL-1β,and IL-6 in cerebral while promote the expression of CD206,Arg-1,IL-10,and IL-13.Conclusion:OPN alleviates the inflammatory response after SAH by inhibiting the polarization of microglia M1.

Objective To investigate changes in the intestinal flora and function in rats with antibiotic-associated diarrhea(A AD)treated with GeGen QinLian Decoction(GQD).Methods Sixty male or female SPF-grade SD rats were fed for 7 days and then divided randomly into Control(Con)and modeling groups(1∶5 ratio).Rats in the modeling group received clindamycin 250 mg/kg by gavage once a day for 7 consecutive days.After successful modeling,the rats were divided randomly into model(Mod),high-dose GQD(GQD-H,10.08 g/kg),medium-dose GQD(GQD-M,5.04 g/kg),low-dose GQD(GQD-L,2.52 g/kg),and live Bifidobacterium power(LBP,0.15 g/kg)groups(n=10 rats per group).GQD and LBP were administered by gavage,and the Con and Mod groups were given an equal volume of saline by gavage once a day.Feces were collected after 7 consecutive days of administration for macrogenomics sequencing analysis.Results α diversity and β diversity suggested that intestinal microbial diversity differed between the Mod and GQD-treated groups.GQD increased the abundance of thick-walled bacteria and decreased the abundance of Aspergillus at the phylum level,and increased the relative abundances of the intestinal mucus bacteria Blautia,Bacteroides,Thomasclavelia,and Mediterraneibacter,and decreased the relative abundances of Adlercreutzia,Muribaculum,and Escherichia at the genus level.GQD also up-regulated the amino acid,carbohydrate,and immune disease pathways.Conclusions GQD improves the abundance ratio of beneficial and pathogenic intestinal bacteria in rats with antibiotic-associated diarrhea,which in turn reduces the intestinal inflammatory response and repairs the intestinal immune system.

Objective To investigate changes in the intestinal flora and function in rats with antibiotic-associated diarrhea(A AD)treated with GeGen QinLian Decoction(GQD).Methods Sixty male or female SPF-grade SD rats were fed for 7 days and then divided randomly into Control(Con)and modeling groups(1∶5 ratio).Rats in the modeling group received clindamycin 250 mg/kg by gavage once a day for 7 consecutive days.After successful modeling,the rats were divided randomly into model(Mod),high-dose GQD(GQD-H,10.08 g/kg),medium-dose GQD(GQD-M,5.04 g/kg),low-dose GQD(GQD-L,2.52 g/kg),and live Bifidobacterium power(LBP,0.15 g/kg)groups(n=10 rats per group).GQD and LBP were administered by gavage,and the Con and Mod groups were given an equal volume of saline by gavage once a day.Feces were collected after 7 consecutive days of administration for macrogenomics sequencing analysis.Results α diversity and β diversity suggested that intestinal microbial diversity differed between the Mod and GQD-treated groups.GQD increased the abundance of thick-walled bacteria and decreased the abundance of Aspergillus at the phylum level,and increased the relative abundances of the intestinal mucus bacteria Blautia,Bacteroides,Thomasclavelia,and Mediterraneibacter,and decreased the relative abundances of Adlercreutzia,Muribaculum,and Escherichia at the genus level.GQD also up-regulated the amino acid,carbohydrate,and immune disease pathways.Conclusions GQD improves the abundance ratio of beneficial and pathogenic intestinal bacteria in rats with antibiotic-associated diarrhea,which in turn reduces the intestinal inflammatory response and repairs the intestinal immune system.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the proficiency and consistency of domestic and foreign testing institutions in the field of veterinary drug residue detection in food， and to promote international cooperation and mutual recognition of testing results among these institutions. MethodsA robust statistical analysis was conducted on the testing results of 20 laboratories in eight countries and regions across North America， Europe， and Asia. The laboratories’ testing capabilities were evaluated using Z-score comparison. ResultsAmong the 20 participating laboratories， 18 achieved satisfactory results， resulting in a satisfaction rate of 90%， while 2 laboratories （10%） failed to meet the requirements. The satisfaction rate of domestic laboratories （100%） was higher than that of foreign laboratories （81.8%）. ConclusionDomestic laboratories perform better than overseas laboratories in determining veterinary drug residues in food. To enhance testing capabilities， these overseas laboratories with unsatisfactory evaluation results should strengthen their daily quality control and ensure traceability of original records.

Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage commonly presents in traumatic brain injury patients, and it may lead to complications such as meningitis, ventriculitis, brain abscess, subdural hematoma or tension pneumocephalus. When misdiagnosed or inappropriately treated, traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage may result in severe complications and may be life-threatening. Some traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage has concealed manifestations and is prone to misdiagnosis. Due to different sites and mechanisms of trauma and degree of cerebrospinal fluid leak, treatments for traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage varies greatly. Hence, the Craniocerebral Trauma Professional Group of Neurosurgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Neurological Injury Professional Group of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to formulate the " Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage in adults ( version 2023)" based on existing clinical evidence and experience. The consensus consisted of 16 recommendations, covering the leakage diagnosis, localization, treatments, and intracranial infection prevention, so as to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage and improve the overall prognosis of the patients.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the psychological stress response of clinical nurses and hospital violence and ability empathy.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 300 clinical nurses in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were selected as the research objects from March to June 2021. Nurses were surveyed using the Hospital Violence Incidents Inventory, Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) . Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between psychological stress response of clinical nurses and hospital violence and empathy ability. Stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the effect of hospital violence and empathy ability on predicting nurses' psychological stress response. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, 291 were recovered and 279 were valid.Results:The overall incidence of hospital violence among clinical nurses within 1 year was 58.1% (162/279) . There were statistically significant differences in scores of each dimension of psychological stress response of clinical nurses with different gender and education levels ( P<0.05) . The total score of psychological stress response was correlated with the total number of violent incidents, the number of verbal injuries and the number of threats in the past year ( P<0.05) . The severity of physical conflict, imagination, number of threats were positively correlated with psychological stress response ( P<0.01) , and females had more stress response ( P<0.01) . Opinion-taking was negatively correlated with psychological stress response ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Clinical nurses may have a certain degree of psychological stress response after being subjected to hospital violence, which is more likely to occur in women, and empathy is a protective factor against this response.