?Objective:To study the toxicity of 250 g/L potassium oxalate solution.Methods:Acute toxicity test and acute skin stimulation test were carried out on Kunmin mice and rabbits.Results:Potassium oxalate solution at 250 g/L did not result in death of the mice even it had been administered at the dose of 10 000 mg/kg by stomach filling.The LD 50 was more than 5 475 mg/kg.The solution did not cause skin reaction in rabbits after application.Conclusion:250 g/L potassium oxalate solution is not toxic and not stimulative as a local applied drug.

Objective To observe the instant reactions and relationship of astrocytes(ASs) and neurons(Ns) in rat forebrain after the unilateral tibia and fibula bone fracture. Methods With immunohistochemical triple staining method,the expression of Fos-protein,glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and tyrosine hydroxydase(TH) were observed. Results Here we showed 1.After the nociception of the treatment,GFAP-like immunoreactive (-LI) ASs exhibited clear character of nuclei distribution in the lateralmedial habenular nucleus(LHb),paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus(Pa),supraoptic nucleus(SON),suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCh),bed nucleus of of stria terminalis(BST),central amygdaloid nucleus(Ce) medial amygdaloid nucleus(Me) and cortex;2.The distribution of Fos-LI Ns and GFAP-LI ASs in above nuclei were similar,there were close relationship between Fos-LI Ns and GFAP-LI ASs.3.There were many double-labelled Fos/TH-LI Ns that were surrounded by the GFAP-LI ASs,and formed the neuron-astrocyte complex(N-ASC).Conclusion The ASs as well as Ns of the above nuclei or regions may be involved in instant response and adjustment of the lower extremity bone fracture nociception simultanneously.

Objective To observe the instant reactions and relationship of astrocytes(AS) and neurons in rat spinal cord after the unilateral tibia and fibula bone fracture. Methods With single or double immunohistochemical staining method,the expression of Fos-like immunoreaction(-LI), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP-LI), and protein kinase C(PKC-LI) were observed. Results Here we showed 1^ After the nociception of the treatment the PKC-LI,Fos-LI astrocytes and neurons,and GFAP-LI astrocytes were distributed in dorsal horn of rat lumbar spinal cord,predominantly in the superficial layer.2^ The distribution of Fos-LI neurons and Fos/GFAP-LI AS in dorsal horn of rat lumbar spinal cord were similar,there were close relationship between Fos-LI neurons and GFAP/Fos-LI AS.3^ The peak time of GFAP/Fos-LI AS expressive was 45?min after fracture,while that of Fos-LI neurons was 90?min,the peak time of PKC-LI astrocytes expressive was earlier than that of PKC-LI neurons.Conclusion The AS as well as neurons in dorsal horn of rat lumbar spinal cord might be involved in the instant response and adjustment of the lower extremity bone fracture nociception simultanneously.

BACKGROUND:Posterior dislocation after total hip replacement is one of the most common complications that second only to loosen, and can affect the stability of the hip joint seriously. There is controversy on the effect of femoral head diameter and acetabular anteversion on the stability of hip joint in clinical study. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of the femoral head diameter and acetabular anteversion on the stability of hip joint after hip prosthesis replacement. METHODS:The femoral head diameter and acetabular anteversion that affect the posterior instability after hip prosthesis replacement were measured on the cadaveric bone. The acetabular shel was inserted at 0°-20° of anteversion at five degree intervals. The femoral heads with different diameters (28, 32 and 36 mm) were used for experiment, the internal rotation degrees to dislocation caused by hip at 90° flexion and 0° adduction and at 90° flexion and 30° adduction were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:When the cup anteversion varied from 0° to 15°, there was an increase in the degree of internal rotation angle that could cause hip dislocation with the increasing of femoral head diameter (P<0.05). When the cup anteversion varied from 15° to 20°, the increasing trend was not significant. With the hip at 90° flexion and 0° adduction, and the cup anteversion varied from 15° to 20°, the stability of 36 mm group was significantly higher than that of the 28 mm and 32 mm groups (P<0.01);the stability of 32 mm group was higher than that of 28 mm group when the acetabular anteversion in 10° or more (P<0.05);there was no significant difference in stability between groups when the anteversion less than 10°. With the hip at 90° flexion and 30° adduction, the stability of 36 mm group was significantly higher than that of the 28 mm and 32 mm groups (P<0.01);the stability of 32 mm group was higher than that of 28 mm group when the acetabular anteversion in 10° or more (P<0.05);there was no significant difference in stability between groups when the anteversion less than 10°. The results indicate that the increasing of acetabular anteversion can reduce the occurrence of dip dislocation, but when it is difficult to choice the acetabular anteversion, large-diameter femoral head is preferred to increase the stability of hip joint.

Objective To explore the role of plastic astrocytes in focal cerebral infarct. Methods Immunohistochemical and double immunofluorescence techniques were used in the study. Results The astrcytes positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) occurred in the periinfarct area appeared hypertrophy and proliferation,specially on their processes and formed a network,and the processes oriented toward the infarct center from the periinfarction.The expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 1( EAAT1) increased in the penumbra area of cerebral infarct and manifested spot and fibre.The confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis showed the double staining for EAAT1 and GFAP.Conclusion The plastic astrocytes might participate in the pathological process of cerebral infarct recovery by enhancing the expression of EAAT1.;

BACKGROUND: When the teeth affected abnormal biting force, tooth absorption and periodontium would be greatly damaged. OBJECTIVE: To study whether periodontal membrane fibroblast affected apoptosis following cyclic tensile stress stimulation and whether p38MAPK signaling pathway participated in apoptosis. METHODS: Fibroblasts at passages from 4 to 7 were randomly assigned to control, loading and SB203580 groups after synchronization. In the loading and SB203580 groups, 12% strain was applied at a loading frequency of 6 cycles per minute, i.e. 5 seconds for tension and 5 seconds for relaxation. In the SB203580 group, cells were treated with 20 mmol/L p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 at 1 hour before loading. At 6, 12 and 24 hours after loading, cells from each group were harvested, and cell apoptosis was detected using a flow cytometry. Expression of bax mRNA was determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, apoptotic rate of fibroblasts and bax mRNA expression were increased after loading (P < 0.05), and enhanced over time, and peaked at 12 hour following loading, and then decreased gradually. Compared with the loading group, cell apoptosis was reduced at corresponding time points in the SB203580 group (P < 0.05), and bax mRNA expression was diminished. These results indicated that cells affected apoptosis after mechanics stimulation, and mitogen activated protein kinase p38MAPK signaling pathway participates in the process of apoptosis.

Objective To explore the value of the diagnosis of middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis with transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD). Methods The clinical data in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease examined with digital subtract angiography (DSA)and TCD were analyzed retrospectively. DSA was used as a gold standard to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of MCA stenosis with TCD. The normal and TCD blood flow velocity with different degrees of stenosis were compared. The best cut-off point of the TCD blood flow velocity of MCA at different degree of stenosis was calculated. Results DSA confirmed that 103 patients had MCA stenosis or occlusion, in which 12 were mild stenosis, 22 were moderate stenosis, 40 were severe stenosis, and 39 were occlusion. Compared to DSA, the sensitivity of TCD in detection of moderate and severe MCA stenosis or occlusion was 78. 8%, the specificity was 96. 0%, and the accuracy was 93. 0%, the missed diagnosis rate was 21. 2%, and the misdiagnosis rate was 4. 0%. As to the blood flow velocity, there was no significant difference between the mild stenosis and normal groups; while there was significant difference between the moderate stenosis and normal groups (P ＜0. 001). In addition, there was no significant difference in blood flow velocity between the moderate stenosis and severe stenosis groups. Determining the cut-off value of the best peak systolic velocity of the moderate stenosis was 163. 5 cm/s, while the best cut-off value of the mean velocity was 108. 5 cm/s. Conclusions TCD has certain advantages in the diagnosis of the MCA stenosis or occlusion, and it can be used as a safe and inexpensive screening means before DSA examination.

Objective To investigate the value of modified pancreatoduodenectomy in the treatment of ampullary carcinoma by comparing the efficacy of pancreatoduodenectomy with preservation of ascending portion of duodenum and that of Whipple procedure. Methods The clinical data of 133 patients with ampullary carcinoma who had been admitted to the Qilu Hospital from 1990 to 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 133 patients, 88 received Whipple procedure (group A) and 45 received pancreatoduedenectomy with preservation of ascending portion of duodenum (group B). The preoperative condition of the patients and short- and long-term efficacy of the 2 procedures were compared by Fisher exact probability, t test, chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test, and the differences between the efficacy of the 2 procedures were compared. Results The operation time, time of gastrointestinal function recovery, hospital stay and ratio of patients with blood transfusion were (366±111) minutes, (7.4±1.4) days, (24±9) days and 76% (67/88) in group A, and (325±32)minutes, (4.3±1.4)days, (31±14)days, 42% (19/45) in group B, with significant difference between the 2 groups (t = 2.34, 2.08, 1.98 ; χ2 = 14.99, P < 0.05). The medium survival time of patients in groups A and B were (19.0±1.5)months and (16.9±1.7) months, with no significant difference between the 2 groups (χ2 = 0.46, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of postoperative complications between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions Pancreateduodenectomy with preservation of ascending portion of duodenum can be applied for patients with ampullary carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate early diagnosis and preemptive therapy of human cytomegalovirus infection in renal transplant recipients. Methods We selected 165 renal transplant recipients who underwent transplantation from January 2007 to January 2009 and adhered to follow-up as research subjects. The samples of blood and urine were collected before transplantation, every 1 week from 2 to 8 weeks and every 2 weeks from 9 to 24 weeks after transplantation. The viral load of blood and urine was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR). Once HCMV DNA load was more than 103 copies/ml, preemptive therapy was done immediately by ganciclovir. Results All the samples of blood and urine were negative before operation. HCMV DNA load could be detected in the concentrated urine at the second week and the peak of HCMV DNA loadoccurred from the sixth to eighth week after operation. At the same detection time, the number ofpositive recipients in the concentrated urine was more than in blood. In 30 cases HCMV DNA load was detected in the blood and the positive rate was 18.18%. In 64 cases HCMV DNA load was detected in the concentrated urine and the positive rate was 38.79%. The positive rate of the concentrated urine was significantly higher than in blood (P＜0.05). In 30 cases positive for HCMV DNA in the blood and urine, ganciclovir was given and the viral load was decreased gradually. But 8 recipients developed into CMV pneumonia and were cured through the comprehensive treatment. The clearance time of HCMV DNA in the concentrated urine was 10.2 ± 3.4 days. Thirty-four cases that were only positive for HCMV DNA in the urine were also treated by ganciclovir and no case developed into CMV pneumonia. The clearance time of HCMV DNA was 5.5 ± 2.1 days, and the clearance time was shortened as compared with that in those positive for HCMV DNA in the blood and urine (P＜0.05). Conclusion FQ-PCR can detect HCMV DNA in the concentrated urine in advance and increase the positive rate. Once the sample of the concentrated urine is positive, preemptive therapy has a good effect.

Objective To discuss the clinical value of dynamic monitoring the copies of human cytomegalovirus(HCMV)-DNA in prophylaxis of HCMV pneumonia after renal transplantation.Methods There were 242 cadaveric renal transplantation recipients including 144 males and 98 females,with the average age of 41(from 17 to 71).They were divided into 2 groups(experimental group 127 cases,control group 115 cases).Recipients in experimental group were routinely monitored by blood preparation and urine aliquot FQ-PCR.The therapy was initiated when HCMC-DNA>1×103 copies/ml by blood preparation and/or urine aliquot FQ-PCR with intravenous ganciclovir for 4 weeks.The dosage was calculated according to creatinine clearance rate.FQ-PCR monitoring and Preemptive therapy was not performed in the control group.The pneumonia rate, death rate and survival between the two groups were compared. Results In experimental group, the HCMV pneumonia incidence rate was 6.3 % (8/127), onset time was 46-167 d, median time was 84 d, hospitalization time was 30-57 d,median time was 36 d, death rate was 12.5 % (1/8), breathing machine using rate was 12.5 % (1/8),concurrent other pathogen infection rate was 25 % (2/8), and + year renal graft survival rate was 98.4% (125/127).One was dead with graft function and the other dysfunction was because of acute rejection.In control group, the HCMV pneumonia incidence rate was 14.8%(17/115), onset time was 34-138 d,median time was 51 d, hospitalization time was 21-67 d,median time was 40 d,breathing machine using rate was 29.4% (5/17),concurrent other pathogen infection rate was 41.2%(7/17), death rate was 23.5% (4/17), and 1 year renal graft survival rate was 93.0% (107/115).Three was dead with graft function and the other one was dead of DGF.The other 4 cases of renal dysfunction were because of acute rejection.Significant difference existed between the 2 groups (P<0.05) except for hospitalization time (P> 0.05). Conclusion The preemptive therapy of CMV pneumonia after renal transplantation by dynamic monitoring the copies of HCMV-DNA in recipients could have a good effect, and the 1 year renal graft survival rate could be higher.