Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a multisystem disease characterized by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation and vasculitis. WG classically involves the upper airway, lung and kidneys. Otolaryngologic manifestations are often the presenting symptoms in WG, Subglottic stenosis is a less common, but a life-threatening manifestation of WG, This paper studies about the laryngeal and tracheal stenosis diagnosis and surgical treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis in the past 20 years.
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ; complications ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Laryngostenosis ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Larynx ; physiopathology ; Tracheal Stenosis ; etiology ; physiopathology

Keloid refers to the damaged skin due to excessive fibroblast proliferation. Ear is one predilection site. The pathogenesis of ear keloid is not very clear, and the treatment is also varied. Surgery, postoperative radiotherapy and laser treatment, steroid hormones, pressure therapy are the basic treatment methods. Integrated application of a variety of treatments, classification research and new materials using revealed the prospect for the treatment of the disease. This thesis reviews literature about ear keloid in recent 10 years, and introduces this disease and clinical research progress.
Cell Proliferation ; Ear ; pathology ; Ear Diseases ; pathology ; therapy ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Humans ; Keloid ; pathology

A series of poly(ethylene terephthalate-Co-ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEFT) copolyesters were synthesized with different terephthalic acid (PTA) /2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) molar ratios by direct esterification method. In order to investigate their chain structures, 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectra of these copolyesters were recorded. The average length ( L) , the degree of randomness ( B) and composition of copolyesters were calculated from the intensities of four kinds of signals, which corresponding to the chemical shifts of hydrogen and carbon atoms in ethylene glycol unit in PEFT copolyesters chains. It was shown that the degree of randomness B of all purified copolyesters reached to 1 by the formula of Yamadera and Murano, which indicated that they were random copolymers. Comparatively, the PEF-block-PET of B value was 0. 577, and the PEF-blend-PET of B value was 0 . It was also consistent with the previous results of differential scanning calorimeter ( DSC) that each of the PEFT copolyesters had only one glass transition temperature and the copolyesters were random copolymers. The randomness B of PEFT-50 was the greatest of all, the value was 1. 012 based on the result of 1 H-NMR, and the value was 1. 028 based on the result of 13 C-NMR. Furthermore, the results above displayed that the activity of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and terephthalic acid was similar in this nucleophilic substation reaction with ethylene glycol.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of endovascular embolization and microsurgical clipping on cognitive function in patients with intracranial aneurysm.Methods:A total of 80 patients with intracranial aneurysms,who were treated in Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2014 to September 2015,were selected and randomly divided into control group(n=40) and experimental group (n=40).The control group was treated with microsurgical clipping,and the experimental group,with endovascular embolization.The postoperative cognitive function was assessed by the mini mental state examination scale (MMSE),and length of stay,in-hospital mortality rate,mortality rate in 1 year and the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:The total score (26.78± 0.85) of MMSE in the experimental group was higher than that (22.25± 0.63) of the control group (P＜0.05).The cognitive dysfunction rate (37.50％) of the experimental group was lower than that (55.00％) of the control group (P＜0.05).The length of stay [(6.7± 3.9) days] of the experimental group was lower than that [(9.6± 4.5) days] of the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in in-hospital mortality rate and mortality rate in 1 year,and the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Endovascular interventional therapy can improve the cognitive function of the patients with intracranial aneurysms and shorten the length of hospital stay.

Cerebral apoplexy is one of the main causes of death in the middle-aged and elderly population,which has higher mortality and disability rate.The incidence of the disease is increasing year by year and it is a serious threat to human life and health.Therefore,it is of great significance to find an effective target for the diagnosis and treatment of stroke.Thioredoxin (Trx) is the major thiol reducing agent in the cells,it is involved in many signal transduction pathways in the cells by regulating the redox state of the cell.It has disulphide reductase activity,which can reduce the oxidative stress injury in the rats after the stroke.Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is an endogenous inhibitor of Trx,it can destroy the redox balance and promote the oxidative stress by binding/inhibiting the activity of Trx,while the inhibition or knockdown of TXNIP has obvious neuroprotective effects.Recent studies suggest that Trx/TXNIP may be involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral apoplexy by a variety of pathways.This article analyses the research status of Trx/TXNIP and studies the localization of Trx system in the central nervous system and the progress of Trx system in ischemic cerebral apoplexy.It reviews the mechanism of Trx/TXNIP in cerebral apoplexy and prospectes the signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiological process of Trx/TXNIP to provide new ideas for the treatment of cerebral apoplexy.

Objective To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods A total of 84 patients with OSAHS were randomly divided into a control group and an aerobic exercise group (42 in each group).The control group was given only training in the activities of daily living (ADL).The acrobic exercise group was given ADL training combined with aerobic exercise training.The regime was maintained for 16 weeks.Each patient's VO2max,maximum heart rate (HRmax),exercise time to exhaustion,6-minute walking distance and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated before and after treatment.Results VO2max,HRmax,VO2max/HRmax,maximum exercise time,6-min walking distance and QOL all increased significantly more in the aerobic exercise group compared with the control group.Conclusion Aerobic exercise training can significantly improve cardiorespiratory function in patients with OSAHS.

The clinical features and lung CT findings of 174 heart failure patients,including 85 cases with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and 89 cases with reduced LVEF were reviewed.Patients with normal LVEF had a higher proportion of hypertension,diabetes and obesity than patients with normal LVEF; and cough and dyspnea were more common.The lung CT findings in patients with normal LVEF were frequently presented as interstitial lung edema,increased pulmonary texture,subpleural line,Kerley lines and diffuse ground-glass opacity.Patients with reduced LVEF had a higher proportion of coronary heart disease and clinical manifestations of acute left heart failure,and central alveolar edema presented in lung CT images.Results suggest that heart failure patients with normal LVEF usually have longer clinical history and occult symptoms,and have a different lung CT imaging features from those in heart failure patients with reduced LVEF.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and causes of an outbreak of respiratory infection in schools. Methods: Epidemiological investigation was carried out on respiratory infection cases in schools. Pharyngeal swab samples of children were collected for respiratory tract virus nucleic acid detection, and hexon genes were amplified. Positive PCR result were sequenced. Results: All cases were in school, involving 2 classes, 12 cases in class 2 (3) and 13 cases in class 3 (4), all on the west side of the 2nd and 3rd floors of teaching building 2. From September 3 to September 12, a total of 25 cases were involved, with the onset peak on the 10th and 11th. The clinical features were fever, cough, sore throat and aching limbs, etc. The onset was aggregated, the course of the disease was about 5 d, the prognosis was good, and there were no deaths. There are 13 males and 12 females. The males to females ratio is 1.08∶1. The age distribution is 7-9 years, with an average of 8.6 years. The result of fluorescence quantitative PCR were negative for influenza A/B virus and positive for adenovirus. The products of positive samples after PCR amplification were sequenced as AdV-3 and AdV-4. Conclusions The combined result of epidemiological investigation and laboratory tests demonstrated that this epidemic of school respiratory tract infection is an upper respiratory tract infection caused by adenovirus B3 and E4 mixed infection.

Objective To investigate the recurrence and satisfaction of paracentesis and segment resection on patients with early plasma cell mastitis,and to choose a more effective and cost-effective treatment.Methods Eighty-nine patients with early plasma cell mastitis received paracentesis in the treatment group and 101 cases received segment resection therapy in the comparison group.The recurrence and satisfaction of patients with early plasma cell mastitis in the two groups were compared.Results (1) The recurrence rates of patients with early plasma cell mastitis received paracentesis or segment resection were 29.21％ and 21.78％,without significant difference (x2 =5.437;P =0.285).(2) No significant differences in pain degree and time of therapy Were observed (P =0.323;P =0.102),but obvious difference in aesthetic measure was found between two groups (P =0.01).Conclusion Ultrasound guided puncture is used to treat patients with early plasma cell mastitis resulted in the therapeutic effect of segmental excision and better patient satisfaction,which has important significance and clinical promotion value for early plasma cell mastitis treatment.

OBJECTIVETo observe the feasibility of establishing a porcine model of microvascular coronary artery spasm by intracoronary neuropeptide Y (NPY) infusion, and to analyze the characterization of this model.

METHODSMinipigs were divided into four groups (n = 4 each): normal saline (NS) group, 1 nmol NPY group, 3 nmol NPY group, and 6 nmol NPY group. Arterial sheaths were planted into bilateral femoral arteries of minipigs. A pigtail catheter was placed at the left sheath to determine the hemodynamic parameters. NS and different doses of NPY were injected into the left anterior descending branch through the right sheath. Intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) was applied to measure the microvessel volume (α), filling velocity (β), and microcirculation blood flow (MBF) before and at 10 and 30 minutes after NS and NPY injection.

RESULTSBefore and after injection, there were no difference in α, β and MBF between NS and 1 nmol NPY group (all P > 0.05). In 3 nmol NPY group, α and MBF decreased at 10 min (P < 0.01 and 0.05, respectively), which were recovered at 30 min except α. Reductions of β (P < 0.05) and MBF (P < 0.01) were observed at 10 min in 6 nmol NPY group, which were recovered at 30 min, but MBF still remained lower than at baseline (P < 0.01) and compared to 3 nmol NPY group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIntracoronary injection of NPY into the anterior descending coronary artery can establish the porcine model of microvascular coronary artery spasm, which might serve as a useful animal model for coronary microvascular studies.