Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To explore the practicability of the pressure sore management forms and its effect on improving the nurses' reported compliance rates on high-risk pressure sores and external pressure sores and the passing rate of nursing records. Methods With aided designs as forms, icons and notes,making a comparative analysis on high-risk pressure sores and external pressure sore between 433 cases in 2010(the observation group) and 205 cases in 2009(the control group). Designing and applying the pressure sore management forms, including four kinds of forms: the high-risk assessment form, high-risk pressure sores declaration sheet, the external pressure sore report form, pressure sore prevention and care record sheet, then applied them in the observation group. Results Compared with the control group, all aspects like the compliance rates of nurses' reports on high-risk pressure sores and external pressure sore, the passing rate of nursing records, the healing and improvement rates were obviously increased, the occurrence rate of high-risk pressure sores decreased. Conclusions The pressure sore management forms can help nurses for accurate assessing high-risk pressure sores and external pressure sores, also can help to increase the healing and improvement rate and to enhance the quality of nursing records.

Objective To study the cause of newborn convulsion and first aid processing method,and to reduce harm and sequels occurrence.Methods Uses the review analysis.The clinical characteristic45 patients newborn convulsions,the laboratory inspection result,the treatment and the transformation were detected.Discusses its common cause of disease and treatment.Results Cure 36 examples,improvement and leaves the hospital 9 examples.The first cause of the newborn to convulsion is:the newborn suffocates the result oxygen deficit anemic brain illness or and the skull internal hemorrhage.After lives the hypoglycemia is the second cause of disease,next is the infection.The treatment key point is stop spasm;the first choice medicine is Phenobarbital.Conclusion The newborn suffocates the result oxygen deficit anemic brain illness or and the skull internal hemorrhage;Causes the main cause of disease which the newborn convulsion are:The newborn hypoglycemia,the newborn infects the septicemia and hypocalcaemia and so on,and the anti-convulsion first choice medicine is Phenobarbital.

Objective:To explore the influence of cardiac pacing at different sites on left atrial structure and function . Methods:A total of 62 patients ,who needed cardiac pacing therapy because of bradycardia in our hospital from Jan 2012 to Jan 2014 ,were selected .According to the implanted sites of pacing electrode ,patients were equally divided into right ventricular cardiac apex group (RVA group) and right ventricular outflow tract group (RVOT group) . Left atrial volume before atrial contraction (LAVp) ,minimum left atrial volume (LAVmin) ,maximum left atrial volume (LAVmax) ,left atrial active emptying fraction (LAAEF) and left atrial passive emptying fraction (LA-PEF) etc .were compared between two groups before and after cardiac pacing therapy .Results:There were no sig-nificant difference in all indexes between two groups before treatment ,P>0.05 all .Compared with RVA group af-ter six-month pacing treatment ,there were significant reductions in LAVp [ (29.5 ± 3.2) ml vs .(27.1 ± 3.5) ml] , LAVmin [ (18.6 ± 2.0) ml vs . (17.2 ± 2.7) ml] ,LAVmax [ (48.9 ± 4.8) ml vs .(46.1 ± 5.1) ml] and LAAEF [(47.2 ± 4.5)% vs .(43.5 ± 4.2)% ] ,and significant rise in LAPEF [(40.9 ± 5.3)% vs .(43.6 ± 3.9)% ] in RVOT group ,P<0.05 or <0.01. Conclusion:Effect of right ventricular outflow tract pacing is more than that of right ventricular cardiac apex pacing and may be used as a replacement of right ventricular cardiac apex .

Objective To explore the method of traing Nurse-patient communication skills of nursing students. Methods By strengthening the theoretical knowledge students learn and improve the quality of teachers in the humanities, and students in teaching and training activities to increase students awareness of the communication skills of students. Result The communication skills of students had been improved. Conclusions Nursing education should focus on training students in communication skills, encourage students to master nurse-patient communication skills.

In this investigation measurements of 5 items were taken on 100 skulls (200 temporal bones) kept in stock. The data obtained are as follows: (1) The sphenoidal angle is 117.6?. (2) The inclination of the long diameter of the isthmic part of meatus is 23.26?(3) The gradient of the posterior bony wall is 110.72?. (4) The visibility of the labyrinthine windows are classified into four types: in type 1, both windows are completely visible, 1.5%; in type II, partially invisible, 30.5%; in type III mostly invisible 61.5%; and in type IV, completely invisible, 6.5%. (5) The depth of the posterior tympanum: upper border of the oval window (external) is 3.37mm; lower border of the oval window (external) is 2.47mm and (internal) 2.38mm; upper border of the round window (external) is 2.07mm and (internal) is 3.07mm. From the above mentioned findings, the following conclusions could be drawn: The labyrinthine windows are not related to the inclination of the long diameter of meatus, but is closely related to the sphenoidal angle and the gradient of the posterior bony wall of the meatus, i. e. the greater the sphenoidal angle and the gradient of the posterior bony wall of the meatus, the poorer the visibility of the labyrinthine windows and the deeper the depth of the posterior tympanum except the depth of the lower border of the oval window. So it is considered that more attention should be paid to the gradient of the posterior bony wall when the posterior tympanotomy and transmeatal facial nerve decompression are being performed, and a large gradient is preferable.

A successful surgical treatment of two cases of hypopharyngeal stenosis and esophageal obliteration caused by alkaline chemical burns is reported.One patient has recovered respiring,swallowing and speaking functions,and the other also recovered all of these functions except the retained tracheal tube.During the modified jejuno-pharyngostomy,the pharyngojejunal anastomotic stoma was expanded to form a piriform fossa without bottom.Besides,the anastomotic stoma was lowered to the level of laryngeal vestibule so as to prevent food from leaking into the trachea.In the course of clinical observation,we found that different signs existed in different patients who took the corrosive.In the accidental cases,esophageal obliteration often appeared,but in the cases of committing suicide,the obliteration was usually accompanied with hypopharyngeal stenosis,which is very difficult to treat.So the authors emphasize that dilatation and dissection should be undertaken in early stage to prevent the occurrence of hypopharyngeal stenosis.

Hospital cultural construction cant be conducted without the participation of medical staff and shouhl be.assigned with rich ethical connotation.Whether hospital administrators can mobilize the subjective activity of medical staff or not in the hospital cuhural construction is a crucial factor in determining the coustruction outcome. Therefore,the hospital administrators should recognize the staff as masters of the hospital,respect the staff's human dignity,apply specific impulsing mechanisms to meet the staff's need based on concrete conditions,and build proper platforms for medical staff to maximize their potential and talents in order to mobilize their subjective activity in the hospital cultural construction.

OBJECTIVE: To probe into status quo and tendency of medication in patients with leprosy. METHODS: 2 745 prescriptions collected from dispensary for western medicine during Aug. 2007～Jun. 2008 were analyzed statistically in respects of antibiotics and its combination, anti-bacterial drugs, antipyretic analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs for top 3 diseases. RESULTS: The average cost of prescriptions was 12.88 yuan. Top 3 diseases in list of clinical diagnosis were as follows: leprosy ulcers, leprosy reactions and upper respiratory tract infection. 1 112 cases were treated with antibacterial drugs accounting for 44.13% in total cases; drug combination was applied in 150 cases accounting for 13.49% in antibiotics cases. CONCLUSION: Patients with leprosy are mainly treated with antipyretic analgesic, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-bacterial drugs and glucocorticoid. Some inappropriate phenomena such as abuse of drug and irrational medication demand quality control of prescription.

Abstract Objective: To study the effect of Trichosanthin on cytokines production and ion channel of human PBMC, to demonstrate its immune regulatory mechanism.Methods: The levels of IL-2 and IL-6 produced by PBMC under stimulation of PHA-M were measured by radio-immunoassay after cultured with Trichosanthin. The current intensity of voltage-dependent potassium channel [K(V) channel] were recorded by patch-clamp technique after added Trichosanthin.Results: Both IL-2 and IL-6 production were enhanced by Trichosanthin, and the current in-tensity of K(v) channel were markedly increased from (210.2 ?53.6)PA to (2 223.0 ?310.7)PA.Conclusion: Trichosanthin can enhance the production of both IL-2 and IL-6 of human PBMC and increase the current intensity of K( v) channel on T lymphocyte membrane, which im-prove cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity.