Tracheotomy is an important auxiliary operation used in the perioperative period of the oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgery. It plays an essential role in the success of the OMF operation and even in the recovery of the patients. According to the review of 126 cases of OMF operations with the perioperative tracheotomy during the past 27 years- by the authors and their team, the cases are classified into 3 types prophylactic, anesthetic and emergency tracheotomy. Indications for operation, complications in the postoperative period and their treatments are discussed. In conclusion and experience tracheotomy taker at the accurate time and well done is the key to achieve the success.

Object　To determine the timing of NO expression in brain tissue after severely diffused brain injury．It would contribute to the understanding of the pathological and physiological functions of NO．Methods　On the basis of the Marmarou diffused brain injury model，the rat was killed at different hours afterward．and the NO expression in brain was measured by Griess reaction．Results　It was shown that NO in brain tissue increased quickly after trauma （5.20umol／100g），then decreased in 12h（1.96umol／100g）after　trauma，a secondary NO elevation appeared in 24h（2.31umol／100g） and 48h（2.69umol／100g） after DBI．Conclusion　It indicated that NO expression in brain tissue increased after trauma．As MCAO ischemia model，there was also NO increase at the intermediate and late stage，which might take part in the secondary pathological changes at late stage of cerebral injury．

Objective To investigate the means which can prevent postoperative incision infection of elderly patients with obstructive colorectal cancer. Methods Sixty-seven cases of elderly patients with obstructive colorectal cancer adopting surgical treatment were divided into two groups, including experimental group with 37 cases and control group with 30 cases. Put self-made negative pressure drainage tube with side-hole into subcutaneous interspace of abdominal incision of experimental group alter operation, kept continuous negative pressure drainage 7-10 d and pull out the self-made subcutaneous negative pressure drainage tubes till drainage volume decreased obviously. The abdominal wall incisions of the control group were given conventional suture. Results Incision infection occurred in only one case (2.7%) and no incision dehiscence occurred in the experimental group, and incision healing time was (9.36 ± 2.18) d. Incision infection occurred in 7 cases (23.3%) in the control group, of which there were 3 cases (10.0%) of wound dehiscence, incision healing time was (12.25 ±4.06) d. Incision infection rate of the two groups had significant difference (χ2= 6.706,P < 0.05), incision dehiscence rate of the two groups had no significant difference (P 0.05), incision healing time of the two groups had significant difference (t = 6.676, P < 0.05). Conclusion Using the self-made subcutaneous negative pressure drainage tube and keeping it continuous negative pressure drainage after operation can be effective in preventing incision infection of elderly patients with obstructive colorectal cancer, and promote wound healing.

Objective:To investigate the interfering effect of siRNA on the expression of VEGF in Hela cells.Methods:Three pairs of siRNA were designed according to the 1-5 extrons sequence of VEGF and synthesized by T7 RNA ploymerase transcription in vitro. To evaluate the inhibition activity of siRNA, Hela cells were transfected via siPORT Lipid. The interfering effect of siRNAs in hRPE cells was examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescence technique.Results:The results showed that the three pairs of siRNA could effectively inhibit gene expression of VEGF in Hela cells with the rates of 88.7%, 94.2% and 80.3%. But the 1-base mismatched siRNA and ssRNA(+) didn′t show significant interfering effect. Furthermore, it was found that siRNAs had a dose dependent inhibitory effect(5-10 pmol).Conclusion:The siRNAs synthesized by T7 RNA ploymerase in vitro could effectively and specifically interfere the expression of VEGF in Hela cells, providing a novel approach for gene therapy of tumor.

Objective To explore the possibility of human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP1) gene engineering, we construct the eukaryotic expression vector carrying HNP1 gene. Methods With RNA extracted from human neutrophil cell as template, cDNA encoding mature HNP1 was amplified by RT-PCR, and then it was inserted into vector pMD18-T. After restriction endonuclease digestion and DNA sequencing confirmation the gene was subcloned into eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO to construct a recombinant expression plasmid pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO/HNP1, then the recombinant plasmid was transfected into COS-7 cells by lipofectamine, and the expressed product was identified by biotin-avidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( BA-ELISA). Results The sequence of HNP1 completely matched those published in GenBank, thus eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO/HNP1 was constructed correctly. The ELISA results showed that the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO/HNP1 could temporarily express HNP1 in COS-7 cells. Conclusion The successful construction and expression of pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO/HNP1 pave the way for the stable expression HNP1 in mammalian engineering cells.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and the adverse effect of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)in HBV associated glomerulonephritis.Methods Twenty patients with HBV-GN diagnosed by renal biopsy were treated with MMF.The initial dosage of MMF was 1.5 g/d.The dosage was reduced to 1.0 g/d when 24 h excretion of urinary protein decreased to 0.5 g/d.Blood routine test,hepatic and renal function,plasma albumin,serum triglyceride and cholesterol,24 h urinary protein excretion,HBV DNA were performed before and after 2,3,6,9 months' treatment.Results Twenty-four-hour urinary protein excretion was significantly reduced by the treatment with mycophenolate mofetil(P

0.05). In comparison to control group (26.5%?14.3%), the fatigue index (FI) decreased remarkably in CMV+PEEP group (12.2%?6.4%, P

Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on gaseous transmitter molecule of the hippocampus in rats with global cerebral ischemic-reperfusion(I-R) injury.Methods Twenty-four Wistar male rates were randomly divided into 4 groups of sham operation (group S),I-R control(group I-R),I-R plus sodium nitroproside(SNP) 2 mg/kg(LSNP) or plus SNP 4 mg/kg(group HSNP) with 6 rats each.Global cerebral I-R model was established by 4-vessel occlusion.SNP was injected at 30 min before clamping the bilateral carotid arteries in groups of LSNP and HSNP.The carotid arteries were clasped for 20 min.The rats were killed after cerebral reperfusion for 6 h.The concentrations of hydrogen sulfide(H_2S),NO and CO,the activity of cystathionine beta synthase(CBS),HO and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),as well as the expression levels of CBS mRNA,iNOS mRNA and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA in the hippocampus were measured.Results Compared to group S,the concentrations of H_2S,NO and CO,the activities of CBS,HO and iNOS and the expressions of CBS mRNA,iNOS mRNA and HO-1 mRNA in group I-R were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01) ,which were all higher in groups of LSNP and HSNP than those in group I-R(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Exogenous NO can induce the expressions of CBS mRNA and HO-1 mRNA,activate CBS and HO in rats with global cerebral I-R injury,indicating that NO has a modulation effect on the CBS/ H_2S and iNOS/NO systemes.

Objective:To construct the eukaryotic expression vector of interleukin-18 gene and carry out analysis of pVAX1-IL-18 sequence . Methods:The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1-IL-18 was constructed by inserting interleukin-18 gene into the eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1 with molecular cloning technique . It was confirmed by restrictive enzymes(BamHⅠ/ EcoRⅠ) digestion and analysis of DNA sequencing . Similar nucleotide sequences encoding IL-18 of pVAX1-IL-18 were looked up by Blast means in NCBI GenBank. Results:Restrictive enzymes digestion analysis and DNA sequencing results revealed that the interleukin-18 gene was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1 successfully .The sequence of encoding IL-18 of pVAX1-IL-18 was exactly the same as the reported sequence of encoding human IL-18 in GenBank . Conclusion: The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1-IL-18 has been constructed successfully, which lay the foundation for pVAX1-IL-18 as a genetic adjuvant of DNA vaccine.

Hantavirus is the main cause of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). It is an acute infectious diseases characterized by fever, hemorrhage, nephritis or thrombocytopenia, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome(HPS). The main clinical manifestations are fever, hemorrhagic lesion, acute respiratory distress and capillary leakeage syndrome. These are four different serotypes of the hantavirus species: Hantan virus(HTNV),Seoul virus(SEOV),Dobrava/Belgrade virus(DOBV),and Puumala virus(PUUV). They are known to cause HFRS, while Sin Nombre virus(SNV) causes HPS. In China, these are two serotypes of hantavirus: HTNV and SEOV found. The severity of infection depends on the viral serotype. To find a safe, rapid and specific serotyping diagnosis of the causative virus is important. The results not only can be beneficial for rodent control, but also for prevention and therapy. The current research of Hantavirus nucleocapsid protein used as serotyping antigen are summarized.