20 yrs were screened in 5 communities of Daqing.Results The prevalent rate of diabetes was 5.10%,and its standardized prevalent rate was 5.20%,thereinto 91.89% of it was type 2 diabetes and 2.12% was IFG.With Logistic regression analysis,the results showed that the risk factors for type 2 diabetes included family history of diabetes(OR=2.133,95%CI: 1.210～3.760),hypertension(OR=3.669,1.966～5.833),high intake of sweetmeat(OR=1.770,95%CI:1.214～3.090),high intake of lipids(OR=3.222,95%CI:1.667～5.235),addiction for animal viscera(OR=2.292,95%CI:1.033～4.587),ratio of waistline vs hip circumference,coronary heart disease(OR=4.818,95%CI:2.246～6.336),history of cerebrovascular disease(OR=2.196,95%CI:1.864～5.583),hyperlipidemia(OR=2.882,95%CI:1.458～5.968),cigarette smoking(OR=1.642,95%CI:1.197～2.088),civil servant(OR=2.046,95%CI:1.722～3.633) and occupation of education & clinics(OR=2.742,95%CI:1.924～3.742). Conclusion The diabetes is related with many factors.Its harm to health of Daqing citizens is becoming more and more serious.It should be important to take efficient measures for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in community.

Objective: To observe the mechanism and characteristics of new bone formation and remodeling process during distraction osteogenesis (DO) in the reconstruction of bone defect in cleft palate (CP). Methods: Sagittal palatal osteoectomy were performed in 12 cats to establish the CP model. The CP defects were reconstructed by intraoral distractors at the rate and rhythm of 0.4 mm?2/day till the transport disc (TD) reached the opposite edge across the defect region. Tetrachloride fluorescent labeling was administered 6 days before euthanasia specimen retrieval at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks through fixation period. Histological and fluoroscopical study were performed; control groups (2 animals in each group) were set for comparison. Results: The bone defect of CP was successfully reconstructed by DO. Exclusively intramembranous de novo osteogenesis were observed. Soft tissues attaching to TD were elongated simultaneously. No spontaneous repair was observed in control animals. Conclusion: With effective distraction and steady fixation, CP bone and soft tissue defect can be reconstructed by active intramembranous bone formation and remodeling following the applicaion of DO.

The application principle and procedure of reverse engineering and rapid prototyping techniques are introduced in this paper. The description is concentrated on the applications of the above techniques in medical field, especially in reconstructive surgery of mandibular bone defect.
Biomedical Engineering ; Bone Substitutes ; Computer Simulation ; Computer-Aided Design ; Humans ; Mandible ; surgery ; Mandibular Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

Objective To detect the mutations of transglutaminase 1 (TGM1) gene in a family with lamellar ichthyosis. Methods The genomic DNA was extracted from the proband and his family members. All the encoding exons and adjacent splice sites of TGM1 gene were amplified by PCR. Mutation scanning was carried out via direct bi-directional DNA sequencing. Also the homology of TGM1 was analyzed. Results In the proband, there was a C504T mutation located at codon 142 (R142C) in exon 3 of TGM1 gene, and a nonsense mutation of C1122T located in exon 7, which caused a premature termination of R348X and a defective polypeptide truncated by 470 amino acids in C-terminus. A heterozygote of C504T mutation was carried by the proband′s father and a heterozygote of C1122T mutation in the proband′s mother. The missense mutation of R142C was found at the conservation region of TGM1 gene. Conclusion The mutations of R142C and R348X in TGM1 gene are present in the patient with lamellar ichthyosis.

Objective: The aim of this study is to observe apoptotic changes of tumor cells in mice with the solid tumor S180 after interstitial irradiation with 32　P glass microspheres.Methods: Twenty mice with solid tumor S180 were divided into four groups. The control group was given normal saline. The experimental groups were given different doses of 32　P glass microspheres (50, 150, 450uci per mouse) using interstitial implant. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to determine the apoptotic cells. Results: The mean values of the apoptotic indexes of these groups were respectively 0.39, 0.41, 0.59 and 0.95. The apoptotic indexes of the second and the third experimental groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: The interstitial irradiation with 32　P glass microspheres can enhance the activity of apoptotic cells of solid tumor S180, and the effect is dose_dependent.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was investigate the effect of hyperthemia on multidrug resistance in K562/ADM cell.

METHODSThe MDR1 (mulitdrug resistance gene) and MRP (multidrug resistant associated gene) gene expressions in Tca8113 and K562/ADM cell lines were analyzed by RT-PCR after treated with different cytotoxic drugs and different temperature (37 degrees C and 41 degrees C). The function and expression of Pgp and MRP were detected by fluorescence photometeric assays.

RESULTSInhibition rate of both cells was significantly enhanced by exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs and 41 degrees C temperature; Exposing to 41 degrees C hyperthemia reduced MDR1 and MRP expression and enhanced intracellular drug concentration as well in K562/ADM.

CONCLUSION41 degrees C hyperthemia could effectively enhance the inhibition rate of chemotherapeutic drugs and partially reverse the multidrug resistance. It is suggested that hyperthemia could be used as a method to overcome multidrug resistance.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Bleomycin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Genes, MDR ; genetics ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; K562 Cells ; Methotrexate ; pharmacology ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Tongue Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transient exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs on multidrug resistance of Tca8113 cells.

METHODSThe MDR1 and MRP gene expressions in Tca8113 and K562/ADM cells lines were analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), after the cells were treated with different cytotoxic drugs. The function and expressions of P-glycoprotein 170 and multidrug resistant associated protein were studied using fluorescence photometric assays.

RESULTSThe inhibitive rate of Tca8113 cells was higher than that of K562/ADM, after exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs. The transient exposure to cytotoxic drugs weakly induced MDR1 and multidrug resistant associated protein expression in Tca8113 cells. The intracellular drug concentration in K562/ADM was lower than that in Tca8113 cells.

CONCLUSIONInduction of MDR1 and multidrug resistant associated protein gene expression response to cytotoxic drugs may be related with the increased multidrug resistance in drug-treated human tumor cells.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Bleomycin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Genes, MDR ; drug effects ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Methotrexate ; pharmacology ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tongue Neoplasms ; pathology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of fast track surgery (FTS) in l aparoscopy-assisted radical distal gastrectomy (LADG) for gastric cancer.MethodsSixty-one patientswith distal gastric cancer were randomly divided into three groups:FTS + LADG group (n =19) undergoing LADG and FTS treatments,LADG group (n =22) undergoing LADG and traditional perioperative cares,and FTS + ODG ( open distal gastrectomy) group ( n =21 ) undergoing ODG and FTS treatments.FTS treatments included avoidance of mechanical bowel cleansing,restrictive perioperative intravenous infusion,early ambulation,early enteral nutrition.The age,sex,body weight,anastomotic mode,number of lymph node dissected,and tumor stage,serum albumin (ALB),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),C-reaction protein (CRP),flatus time,postoperative hospital stay,medical cost,and postoperative complications were compared between three groups. ResultsThe level of ALB in FTS + LADG group were higher than in LADG group at the 4th and 7th day after surgery ( P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared to LADG group,the variation of ALB from preoperation to 4th day after surgery in FTS + LADG group and FTS + ODG group was significant( P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05 ).CRP level between FTS + LADG group and FTS + ODG group were different significantly at 4th and 7th day after surgery ( P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.05).FTS + LADG group has earlier recovery of gastrointestinal peristalsis than other two groups ( P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.05 ).The medical cost in FTS + LADG group was less than in LADG group ( P =0.003 ),but higher than in FTS + ODG group (P ＜0.01 ).ConclusionsThe practice of FTS in LADG was safe,effective,improves nutritional status,eases stress reaction,accelerates gastrointestinal peristalsis and postoperative rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVETo observe the repair of cleft palate (CP) bone defect under the application of distraction osteogenesis (DO); to investigate the correction mechanism in thin bone of palatal shelf and to search a possible new treatment approach for repair of CP.

METHODS14 cats were assigned randomly to 3 groups: (1) Empty control, 2 cats unoperated with euthanasia at the end of 2 weeks; (2) Experimental control, 2 cats underwent 8 mm x 18 mm palatal osteoectomy in saggital direction as the experimental model of CP with euthanasia in 6 weeks; (3) Experimental group, 10 cats were performed the same palatal osteoectomy as group (2), the newly designed and individual manufactured intraoral distractors were fixed to teeth by brackets and to bilateral palate bone across the defect with titanium miniscrews. 4 weeks later the transport disc (TD) osteotomy were performed and gradual distraction was started after 6 days latency period at the rate of 0.4 mm x 2/day till the TD reached the opposite edge of the CP. Roentgenographic, gross meterage and ultrastructural observation were performed 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 weeks after completion of distraction.

RESULTSAll the examinations revealed the TD recombination to the opposite bone edge of the CP, simultaneously, the proportional expansion of overlay mucoperiosteal flap was achieved. The bone defect were filled with de move osteogenesis. Roentgenographically, the new bone mineralization was along the DO vector, developed from the bone cut edges bilaterally to the central translucent zone until turned to thin fissure. Comparison of the plaster casts showed no change in the occlusion or dentomaxillofacial framework.

CONCLUSIONSThe intraoral distractor is able to get both effective distraction and steady fixation. The examination results suggest that the CP bone and soft tissue defect could be repaired and acheived functional reconstruction under DO, which could be a new treatment approach for repair of CP.

Animals ; Cats ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Disease Models, Animal ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; methods