Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of bilirubin in the hippocampus of the newborn rats with hyperbilirubinemia. Methods Hyperbilirubinemia model was established. The expression levels of Fas protein and N methyl D aspartate (NMDA) receptor and the apoptosis rate of nerve cells in rat hippocampus were detected with immunochemistry, TUNEL method and cytometry. Results Histological changes of nerve cells were found in hippocampal area of rats with hyperbilirubinemia. Significantly increased expression levels of Fas protein and NMDA receptor and apoptosis rate of nerve cells were positively correlated with the bilirubin level in rat brain tissues. Conclusion The bilirubin neurotoxicity is mediated by the excessive activation of NMDA receptor and participation of Fas system, which induces the apoptosis of nerve cells.

Objective To assess the role of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Methods Six volunteers, 32 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 13 patients with biopsy-proven prostatic cancer underwent MR imaging. Dynamic MR with Gd-DTPA (gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) bolus enhancement was performed followed by post-contrast T 1-weighed imaging. The signal intensive value in dynamic MRI was measured and calculated to draw the time-signal intensity curve of normal peripheral zone, prostatic cancer and benign hyperplasia. Results In dynamic MRI, the normal peripheral zone were enhanced mildly and slowly. The lesion enhancement of benign prostatic hyperplasia in 32 patients were obvious in early phase (60 s) and strengthened gradually, and then went to decrease in late phase (240 s) after peak value. The lesions in 9 of 13 cases with prostate cancer were enhanced obviously in early phase (60 s) and washed out rapidly in late phase, and the peak value was located on early phase. Conclusions In dynamic MRI, the enhancement of normal peripheral zone, prostate cancer and benign hyperplasia were different significantly. Dynamic MRI was very useful in the diagnosis and differentiation of prostate cance.

Objective To establish the methods for controlling quality of Yiqi Congming Pills, and to improve the quality standard for the pills. Methods Yiqi Congming Pills were sampled from the products of 3 mainpharmaceutical companies in China market, 2 batched from each company. Radix Puerariae, Radix Astragali, Fructus Viticis, Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis, Radix Codonopsis in Yiqi Congming Pills were observed under microscope for microscopic identification. Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Cimicifugae, Radix Paeoniae Alba, and Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis were identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for qualitative differentiation. The contents of puerarin and paeoniflorin in Yiqi Congming Pills were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Results The microscopic characteristics of Radix Puerariae, Radix Astragali, Fructus Viticis, Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis, Radix Codonopsis in the pills were obvious and were easy for discrimination. The spots in thin-layer chromatography (TLC) chromatograms of Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Cimicifugae, Radix Paeoniae Alba, and Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis were clear without interference of negative reference. Puerarin had a good linearity in the range of 0.00112~3.50676μg, and the average recovery rate was 98.2%(sR=1.4%, N=9 ). Paeoniflorin had a good linearity in the range of 0.00333 ~ 3.328 μg, and the average recovery rate was 98.4%(sR = 1.8%, N = 9). Great differences existed in the contents of puerarin and paeoniflorin of Yiqi Congming Pills from the three pharmaceutical companies. Conclusion The established qualitative and quantitative methods are of accuracy, credibility and repeatability, and are effective for controling the quality of Yiqi Congming Pills.

BACKGROUND:A number of in vitro experiments have confirmed that the tricalcium silicate not only can be closely integrated with the dentin through self-curing process, but also can induce dentin remineralization in the physiological environment, thereby effectively blocking the dentinal tubules.
OBJECTIVE:To further verify the effects of tricalcium silicate solution on the occlusion of dentinal tubules.
METHODS:Thirty-six dentinal discs were made of free first premolars from orthodontic patients, and divided into three pretreatment groups randomly. The teeth were soaked in pretreatment solution for 2 minutes, namely 0.29 mol/L ethylene diamine tetraacetie acid, 6%citric acid, and rinsed ultrasonical y with deionized water 20 minutes, respectively. Every above-mentioned group was randomly assigned into experimental group (tricalcium silicate), control group (sodium fluoride) and blank group, and corresponding materials in each group were used to coat the outer dentinal tubules (2 minutes/time). Then, the dentinal discs were saved in artificial saliva in a 37 observed using scanning electron microscope. Diameter and area of open dentinal tubules were calculated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After pretreatment, the dentinal tubules were at open state;except for the blank control group to maintain the original state, acid etching and ethylene diamine tetraacetie acid pretreatment solutions had a stronger capacity of demineralization, which led to the dentinal tubules open. After the dentinal tubules were treated with sodium fluoride and tricalcium silicate, there were varying degrees of sediments, and open dentinal tubule area and average diameter in the sodium fluoride and tricalcium silicate groups were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The dentinal tubule treated with tricalcium silicate was almost entirely closed homogeneously, and occasional y, a single open dentinal tubule was seen. Open dentinal tubule area and average diameter in the tricalcium silicate group were significantly lower than those in the sodium fluoride group (P<0.05). The findings verify that dentin occlusion using tricalcium silicate is superior to that using sodium fluoride;and dentin tubule pretreatment with acid etching or ethylene diamine tetraacetie acid is beneficial to desensitization effects.

Objective:To study on effect of Jiantai Liquid on progesterone receptor(PR)in the uterus at the nidation stage in the mouse with disturbance of blastocyst nidation.Methods:The gestational mice were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group and a Chinese drug group.Mifepristone was used for inducing disturbance of blastocyst nidation in the mice,which were interfered with Jiantai Liquid.At the eighth week of pregnancy,the mice were killed and morphological changes of the endometrium were observed,and PR expression in the uterus was detected with immunohistochemical method and PR and PRmRNA expressions were detected with Western blot and PT-PCR methods.Results:The endometrium showed maldevelopment in the model group and normal development in the Chinese drug group,similar to the normal group;the gland,the PR expression range and intensity of PR expression in the interstitial substance in the Chinese drug group increased as compared with the model group(P0.05);expressions of PR protein and gene in the Chinese drug group were significantly higher than those in the model group(P0.05).Conclusion:Jiantai Liquid can promote development of the endometrium and improves blastocyst nidation via regulating expressions of PR and PRmRNA in the uterus in the mice with disturbance of blastocyst nidation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of Versican in gastric carcinoma and its relationship with tumor angiogenesis.

METHODSProtein expression of Versican, vascular endothelial growth factor and CD34 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (EliVision method) in 80 cases of gastric carcinoma and 30 samples of normal gastric tissue.

RESULTSThere were statistically significant differences in the expression of Versican, vascular endothelial growth factor and CD34 between gastric carcinoma and normal gastric tissue (P < 0.05). The expression of Versican was seen mainly in fibroblasts of the tumor and was correlated with tumor differentiation, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), whereas vascular endothelial growth factor was primarily seen in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells and correlated with tumor differentiation, clinical stage, Lauren classification and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). MVD was correlated with tumor differentiation, clinical stage, Lauren classification, depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). In addition, positive correlation of Versican and VEGF protein expression was found in tumor cells (r = 0.467, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of both Versican and vascular endothelial growth factor is closely associated with tumor angiogenesis in gastric carcinoma.

Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Prognosis ; Stomach ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Versicans ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the consensus and controversies on the delineation of radiotherapy target volume for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC).Methods Questionnaires including 15 questions on the delineation of radiotherapy target volume of NSCLC were sent to 12 radiation departments in China in November 2015.A patient with LA-NSCLC was selected by Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, and simulation CT images and medical history data were sent to the 12 radiation departments.Twelve radiation oncologists from the 12 radiation departments showed and explained the delineation of radiotherapy target volume of their own, and the patient was discussed by all experts in the sixth multidisciplinary summit forum of precise radiotherapy and chemotherapy for tumor and lung cancer.Results All receivers of the questionnaire answered the questions.The standard lung window width/level for the delineation of lung cancer was 800-1600/-600 to-750 HU, and the mediastinum window was 350-400/20-40 HU.Respiratory movement was measured by stimulator, 4D-CT, and stimulator+4D-CT with 2-5 mm expansion based on experience.The primary clinical target volume (CTV) was defined as gross target volume (GTV) plus 5-6 mm for squamous carcinoma/5-8 mm for adenocarcinoma.The metastatic lesion of mediastinal lymph nodes was delineated as 5 mm plus primary lesion in 6 departments and as primary lesion in another 6 departments.Of the 12 departments, 10 applied 5 mm of set-up error, 1 applied 3 mm, and 1 applied 4-6 mm.For V20 of the lungs, 10 departments defined it as<30%, 1 as<35%, and 1 as 28%.Nine departments defined the radiation dose of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for LA-NSCLC as 60 Gy in 30 fractions, 62.7 Gy in 33 fractions in 1 department, 50-60 Gy in 25-30 fractions in 1 department, and 60-70 Gy in 25-30 fractions in 1 department.For the delineation of target volume for the LA-NSCLC patient treated with CCRT, the primary planning target volume (PTV) was defined as GTV plus organ movement (IGTV) and set-up error (GTV→IGTV→PTV) in 3 departments, as CTV plus organ movement (ITV) and set-up error (GTV→CTV→ITV→PTV) in 8 departments, and as CTV plus set-up error/IGTV plus 5-6 mm for squamous carcinoma/5-8 mm for adenocarcinoma (CTV) and set-up error (GTV→CTV→PTV/GTV→IGTV→CTV→PTV) in 1 department.For the delineation of PTV in the mediastinal lymph node, GTV→IGTV→PTV was performed in 3 departments, GTV→CTV→ITV→PTV in 8 departments, and GTV→CTV→PTV in 1 department.For 10%-100% patients with LA-NSCLC, the radiation field needed to be replanned when 38-50 Gy was completed.There was no unified standard for the optimal standardized uptake value (SUV) of positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) simulation and delineation.Seven departments had applied magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) simulation and 10 departments had applied stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for the treatment of early-stage NSCLC.For the delineation of PTV for early-stage NSCLC (T1-2N0M0), GTV→IGTV→PTV was performed in 5 departments, IGTV→PTV in 3 departments, and GTV→CTV→ITV→PTV in 2 departments.In all the 12 departments, peripheral early-stage NSCLC was given 6.0-12.5 Gy/fraction, 3-12 fractions and central early-stage NSCLC was given 4.6-10.0 Gy/fraction, 5-10 fractions.The results of discussion on the delineation of target volume for the patient were as follows:respiratory movements should be measured by 4D-CT or simulator;the lung window width/level is 1600/-600 HU and the mediastinal window width/level is 400/20 HU;the primary controversy is whether the involved-field irradiation or elective nodal irradiation should be used for the delineation of CTVnd in the mediastinal lymph node.Conclusions Basic consensus is reached for the delineation of target volume in LANSCLC in these aspects:lung window width/level, respiratory movements and set-up error, primary lesion delineation, the radiation dose in CCRT, and the optimal time for replanning the radiation field.There are controversies on the optimal SUV in the delineation of target volume based on PET-CT simulation, the optimal dose fractionation in SBRT for early-stage NSCLC, and the delineation of CTVnd.

Objective:To explore effective schemes for improving cognitive function in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) by EEG neurofeedback (NF) technique.Methods:Ten SCD patients recruited in Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from April 2019 to August 2019, were chosen in our study; all patients were subjected to neuro-regulation of mismatched negativity (MMN) for 5 times in 2 weeks by EEG NF technique. By using the midlines of frontal zone (Fz), central zone (Cz) and peak zone (Pz) as training electrodes, auditory tones (1000 Hz as standard stimulus, individual hearing discrimination threshold as deviation stimulus) were used to induce MMN characteristics of event-related potential (ERP) via Oddball paradigm. SCD patients received visual disc stimulation feedback with dynamic neural signal activity. ERP waveforms and standard MMN characteristics (amplitude and latency) before and after training were used to evaluate the changes in neural activity of these patients; nine N-Back working memory tasks (three types×three gradients) and hearing discrimination ability tests were used in these patients to evaluate the improvement of cognitive competence.Results:ERP analysis showed that the MMN waveforms in SCD patients after training were obviously different as compared with those before training; their standard stimulus and deviant stimulus in the point-by-point paired t-test analysis were significant different ( P<0.05). The MMN amplitudes at the Fz, Cz and Pz electrodes in these patients after training were significantly higher than those before training ( P<0.05). The accuracy of auditory tone 3-Back task in SCD patients was statistically significant before and after training ( P<0.05). Conclusion:NF based on MMN can significantly improve the MMN amplitude and accuracy of auditory working memory task in patients with SCD, which might provide a potentially effective cognitive intervention method for patients with early AD and the elderly with normal memory decline.

Objective To investigate the influence of enteral nutrition on body weight,nutritional status,treatment toxicities,and short-term outcomes in esophageal carcinoma patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT). Methods Eligible esophageal carcinoma patients were randomly assigned(2:1) to receive either CCRT combined with enteral nutrition (study group) or CCRT alone (control group). The primary endpoint was changes in the body weight during and after radiotherapy. The secondary endpoints were nutrition-related hematological parameters,the toxicities of chemoradiotherapy,the completion rate of treatment,and short-term outcomes. The differences was using χ2 or t-test. Results Between September 2014 and June 2017,203 patients were included in the study,consisting of 139 patients in the study group and 64 patients in the control group. Compared with the control group,the study group had significantly less body weight loss during and after radiotherapy (P<0.05) and significantly less decreases in serum albumin and hemoglobin (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the reduction in total lymphocyte count between the two groups (P>0.05).The study group had significantly lower incidence rates of grade ≥3 myelosuppression and infection and a significantly higher completion rate of chemoradiotherapy compared with the control group (P<0.05).The incidence of radiation pneumonitis and esophagitis showed no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).The study group had an insignificantly higher objective response rate than the control group (P>0.05). Conclusions For esophageal carcinoma patients treated with CCRT,enteral nutrition can reduce body weight loss during and after radiotherapy,improve nutritional status and treatment tolerance,and reduce toxicities.

BACKGROUND: It was believed that immunoglobulin G (IgG) was synthesized only by B cells. However, in recent years, researchers have found that a variety of cancer cells can also synthesize IgG (cancer-IgG) which promote the development of tumors. This study analyzed the expression and clinical significance of cancer-IgG in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and initially explored its mechanism. METHODS: The expression of IgG1 heavy chain gamma 1 (IGHG1) and cancer-IgG were detected by bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry in NSCLC; The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) method was used to explore the signaling pathways involved in IGHG1 regulation. RESULTS: The expression level of cancer-IgG in NSCLC was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. The high expression group had a poor prognosis and was associated with clinical stage (P=0.042), T stage (P=0.044) and metastasis (P=0.007). GSEA analysis showed that IGHG1 was associated with cell adhesion, cytokine interaction and chemokine signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS High expression of cancer-IgG in NSCLC is a poor prognosis factor, which may be related to the promotion of tumor invasion and metastasis.
Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Computational Biology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; genetics ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Young Adult