Objective To study the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human gastric cancer and their relationship with tumor angiogenesis and to investigate the interaction of NOS and VEGF in gastric cancer.Methods The expression and distribution of VEGF, iNOS and eNOS in 34 gastric cancer specimens were detected with immunohistochemistry. Microvessel density (MVD) was counted with FⅧRAg immune specific staining.Results The expression rates of iNOS, eNOS and VEGF in 34 gastric cancers were 73.5%, 82.4%and 91.2%respectively. The expression of VEGF had a significant positive relation with iNOS, but not with eNOS. The MVDs of VEGF or iNOS positive gastric cancers were obviously higher than those of VEGF or iNOS negative gastric cancers. There was no significant difference between the MVDs of eNOS positive gastric cancers and eNOS negative ones. Conclusion MVD increases with increase of expression of VEGF and iNOS in gastric cancer. It is indicated that VEGF and iNOS can promote gastric cancer angiogenesis. VEGF and iNOS have a significant positive correlation, which suggests that in human gastric cancer, iNOS plays an important role in the production and action of VEGF.

Objective To explore the significance of serum VEGF-A and VEGF-C levels in relation to conventional clinopathological parameters of gastric carcinoma,investigate the relationship between serum VEGF-C level and expression of VEGF-C in carcinoma tissue.Methods 28 patients with gastric carcinoma and 21 healthy controls were included in the current study.Serum VEGF-C and VEGF-A levels were assessed by enzymed-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression of VEGF-C protein in gastric carcinoma tissue from 28 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy was examined by immunohistochemistry.Results Serum VEGF-C and VEGF-A levels were higher in patients with gastric carcinoma than those in the healthy controls(P

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia is the important risk of cardiac cerebral vascular diseases, such as arthrosclerosis and coronary heart disease, etc.OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical therapeutic effects of tiaozhi zengshou tang (herbal decoction) on intervention of dyslipidemia.DESIGN: Randomized, group controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Oncology, Department of Chinese Medicine and Department of Cardiology of General Hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 120 cases from inpatients with dyslipidemia in Department of Chinese Medicine and Department of Cardiology of General Hospital of Chinese PLA and outpatients in Clinic of Blood lipid from February 2002 to January 2004.METHODS: Totally 120 cases of dyslipidemia were randomized into 3 groups. In Chinese herb group (43 cases), tiaozhi zengshou tang (herbal decoction) was prescribed, one dose/d, taking separately before breakfast and dinner. In western drug group (40 cases), pravastatin sodium was prescribed, 10 mg/tablet, 1 tablet/d, taking orally before sleep at night. Integrative group (37 cases) both pravastatin sodium and herbal decoction were prescribed, the dosage, composition and administration were same as previous. The treatment lasted 8 weeks, and then, the therapeutic effects on changes of blood lipid and harmful effects were observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparisons of therapeutic effects and harmful effects among groups.RESULTS: 120 cases were employed in the experiment, but 27 of those were dropped out due to loss of contact and absent re-visiting in time. Total parison of therapeutic effects among groups: The effective rates in Chinese herb group and western drug group were similar (81%, 80%, P ＞ 0.05),changes of blood lipid series before and after treatment in each group: In Chinese herb group, triglyceride (TG) (2.59t1.64) mmol/L was reduced to (1.56±0.72) mmol/L, serum total cholesterol (TC) (5.30±1.71) mmol/L was reduced to (4.35±0.85) mmol/L (P ＜ 0.01) and HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-Ch)(1.32±0.37) mmol/L was increased to (1.50±0.22) mmol/L (P ＜ 0.05). In western drug group, TG (2.84±1.50) mmol/L was reduced to (2.04±0.98) mmol/L,serum TC (5.50±1.22) mmol/L was reduced to (4.71±0.89) mmol/L (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01) and APoA1 (1.24±0.21) g/L was increased to (1.49±0.15) g/L (P ＜ 0.01). In integrative group, the therapeutic effects were significant in re ducing TG, TC, LDL-Ch and APoB and increasing APoA1 and HDL-Ch harmful effects in Chinese herb group were less than western drug group (1 case, 7 cases).CONCLUSION: Tiaozhi zengshou tang provides definitely clinical therapeutic effects in dyslipidemia and presents low incident of harmful effects.

Objective To investigate the application of laparoscope,duodenoscope and choledochoscope in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stone.Methods The clinical data of 3 16 patients with intraand extrahepatic bile duct stone who were admitted to the Bethune First Hospital from April 2007 to August 2010were retrospectively analyzed.There were 269 patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis,10 patients with cholesystolithiasis,choledocholithiasis and hepatolithiagis,and 37 patients with choledocholithiasis.Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)+laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)+choledochoscopy was applied to patients with hepatolithiasis or with the diameter of common bile duct≥10 mm;endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST)+LC or LC+EST was applied to patients with the diameter of common bile duct between 10 mm and 5 mm and the diameter of cystic duct<5 mm;LC+laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration(TC-CBDE)+choledochoscopy wag applied to patients with the diameter of common bile duct≤5 mm and the diameter of cystic duct≥5 mm.Results The success rate of operation was 96.8%(306/316).A total of 163 patients received LC +LCBDE+T-tube drainage+choledochoscopy,and the mean operation time,expense,duration of hospital stay were 93.6 minutes,2.8×104 yuan and 9.8 days,respectively,and 5 patients had complications postoperatively.Fifty-four patients received EST+LC,and the mean operation time,expense,duration of hospital stay were 45.0minutes,6.6 days,2.3×104yuan,respectively,and 1 patient had complication postoperatively.Sixty-seven patients received LC+EST,and the mean operation time,expense and duration of hospital stay were 40.0minutes,6.1 days,2.4×104 yuan,respectively,and 2 patients had complication postoperatively.Thirty-two patients received one-stage repair of common bile duct and LC+TC-CBDE+choledochoscopy,and the mean operation time,expense and duration of hospital stay were 97.3 minutes,7.3 days and 2.5×104yuan,respectively,and 1 patient had complication postoperatively.A total of 272 patients were followed up for 12 months,except for 6 patients with recurrence of common bile duct stone,no residual stone or biliary stricture was etected.Conclusion Combined application of laparoscope,duodenoscope and choledochoscope has advantages of less trauma,quick ecovery and fewer complications in the treatment of intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stone.

At present, the artificial materials for cranial repair include methylsilicone rubber, titanium net, bonwe cement and stainless steel sil net, etc. Titanium net, organic glass, methylsilicone rubber and bone cement are easy to operate, but they are not satisfactory as an ideal material of repairing cranial defects because they only contributes to partial functional alternation as a foreign implant. High cost and long periodicity of tissue engineered bone lead to limit its application in clinics as an ideal repair material of bone defects. With the advanced development of biomaterials study and the deeper manufacture of industrialized tissue engineered products, this technology will achieve a large-scale application of clinical practice.

Objective To observe the influence of electroacupuncure(EA) at different therapeutic time windows on the effects of inosine on neuronal apoptosis and expression of heat-shock-proteins-70 (HSP70)after focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats.Methods The model was established by ligation of the artery for 2 hour.EA was delivered to “baihui” and “dazhui” through acupuncture needles 0.5 hr,2 hr,6 hr and 12 hr respectively following MCAO.The expression level of HSP70 and the number of apoptotic cells were examined by immunohistochemical technique and TUNEL,comparing the average optical density of HSP70 and the number of apoptotic positive cells of cortex penumbra and hippocampus CA1 area in rat brain.Results Compared with the model group,the average optical density of HSP70 in every EA group was increased in apoptotic positive cells of cortex penumbra and hippocampus CA1 area 0.5 h (89.98± 6.55),(128.73 ± 8.03),2 h (90.96±6.38),(132.25±8.78),6 h (93.71±6.12),(132.58±7.04),12 (96.19±7.30),(133.57±6.19)and the number of apoptotic positive cells of cortex penumbra in every EA group was decreased 0.5 h (1.80±0.84),2 h (3.40± 1.14),6 h (5.00± 1.00),12 h (5.00±2.45).The number of apoptotic cells of hippocampus CA1 area was decreased just in the EA group of 0.5 h (1.60± 1.89).Conclusion EA could increase the expression level of HSP70 and at the same time decrease the number of apoptotic cells,EA plays an important part in protecting the neuronal cells of brain after focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury.The acupuncture treatment should be taken as far as early.

BACKGROUND:The operation of bile duet has always been the most difficult part in the general surgery.The Patients have a high morbidity of the post-operative complications,such as bile duct stenosis,repeated biliary tract infection,and even biliary hepatocirrhosis.Therefore.we are seeking for some kind of artificial bile dlIct to take the place of the damaged one.and then solve the problem in bile duct's repair and reconstruction.OBJECTIVE:This paper reviewed the Iong-term plenty of related studies and litcratures.and then summarized the latest progress of the design and improvement of artificial bile duct.So we could design the optimum artificial bile duct.RETIUEVAL STRATEGY:A computer-based online search of PubMed database (http://www.pubmed.gov/)was undertaken to identify articles about artificial bile duct published in English from January 1959 to December 2007 with keyword of"artificial bile duct,stem cell,tissue engineering".Meanwhile,Chinese articles about artificial bile duct published from January 1994 to October 2007 were retrieved in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI,http://www.cnki.net),the keyword was"artificial bile duct,stem cell,tissue engineering"in Chinese.Inclusion criteria:①laboratorial and clinical researches about artificial bile duct;② clinical researches about the stem cells;③researches about tissue engineering and biocompatible materials.Exclusion criteria:repeated study.Initial reading these literatures and finding the full text,37feferences were included from the gleaning 414 literatures.LITERATURE EVALUATION:A total of 37 articles were involved.ineluding 10 about background.5 about autotransplant,5 about stem cell technique,2 about nanotechnology,1 about structure of mechanical bile duct,2 about macromolecular materials.and 12 about the latest progress.DATA SYNTHESIS:To analyze and sort out these literatures.the artificial bile duct from biocompatible materials and biomedical engineering is analyzed.The developments in autotransplantation,mechanical structure,nanotechnology,stem cell technique and tissue-engineered macromolecule material have been retained.So far,the tissue-engineered macromolecule material is the best one.Further study aiming at the better artificial bile duct is needed.CONCLUSION:There have been great progresses in research of artificial bile duct,however,there is no significant achievement because of the inextricable shortcomings and limits in autotransplantation,mechanical structure,nanotechnology and stem cell teehnique.Therefore.the tissue-engineered macromolecule material has become the best material for artificial bile duct.

BACKGROUND: Fluoroelastomer-246B has better histocompatibility than polyethylene and polypropylene, which is the same as expanded polytetrafiuoroethylene (ePTFE). Besides, fluoroelastomer-246B has better rigidity than ePTFE, so it is hard to deform.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of fluoroelastomer-246B as a human implant in vivo and a substitute of human bile duct by the test of bile soak, routine sterilized method, and implantation into rat abdominal cavity.DESIGN: A controlled observation.SETTING: First Hospital of Jilin University & Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Supramolecular Structure and Material of Jilin University.MATERIALS: This study was performed at the Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Supramolecular Structure and Material of Jilin University from June 2006 to March 2007. A total of 35 male Wistar rats of clean grade, aged 4-5 weeks,weighing 140-160 g, were provided by Laboratory Animal Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University [Permission No. SCXK (Ji) 2003-0001]. Prior to surgery, the Wistar rats were fasted for 5 hours, but they were allowed to access to water freely. The main materials used in the present study were as follows: fluoroelastomer-246B (Yangzhong Municipal Rubber & Plastics Plant, China), ePTFE(Shanghai Suo-Kang Medical Implants Co.,Ltd., China).METHODS: Rectangular fluoroelastomer-246B thin slices (50 mm×10 mm×0.5 mm) made were placed in a beaker filled with fresh bile, and preserved in a 37 ℃ thermostat container. The tensile strength, thermal decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature of fluoroelastomer-246B were tested after 30 days, and the results were compared to those before soaking to investigate whether the physical-chemical properties of fluoroelastomer-246B slices would change after soaking in the bile environment for a long time. The rectangular fluoroelastomer-246B thin slices made as above were sterilized by boiling method, formaldehyde vapors fumigating method, and formaldehyde fluid soaking method. The indices mentioned above were measured, and the data were compared to those before sterilizing to identify whether fluoroelastomer-246B could be used after sterilizing. The same-size slice of fluoroelastomer-246B,ePTFE, polypropylene and polyethylene was separately implanted into rat abdominal cavity. The slices were taken out after 30 days, and the pathological sections of surrounding tissues were made to observe whether allergic response and/or inflammatory reactions existed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: After fluoroelastomer-246B thin slices were soaked in bile for 30 days, their tensile strength, thermal decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature were tested, and the results were compared to those before soaking. After fluoroelastomer-246B thin slices were sterilized by boiling method, formaldehyde vapors fumigating method, and formaldehyde fluid soaking method, the indices mentioned above were measured, and the data were compared to those before sterilizing. The numbers of cells with allergic response and cells with inflammatory reaction were counted.RESULTS: After soaking in the fresh bile for 30 days, the tensile strength, thermal decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature of fluoroelastomer-246B changed slightly compared to before soaking (P＞0.05).Fluoroelastomer-246B could well antagonize mechanical stress after bile soaking and sterilizing. Under going sterilizing by boiling method, formaldehyde vapors fumigating method and formaldehyde fluid soaking method separately, the tensile strength, thermal decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature of fluoroelastomer-246B had no marked changes (P＞0.05). No noticeable allergic response was observed after fluoroelastomer-246B was implanted into rat abdominal cavity, whereas slight inflammatory reaction was detected, which was similar to ePTFE (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: The primary physical-chemical properties of fluoroelastomer-246B do not change after soaking in bile for 30 days. Fluoroelastomer-246B can well antagonize mechanical stress and be used after sterilizing without metaphysis or allergic response. Therefore, fluoroelastomer-246B can be used as a substitute of bile duct.

Objective To develop an advanced two-cuff technique orthotopic liver transplantation model in rats. Methods On the basis of the previous two-cuff-technique, some hypercoagulable blood was released from the recipient's PV and IVC before the cuffed donor PV and IVC were inserted into the lumen of the recipient's PV and IVC. The anastomosis of recipient's SVC was between the donor's diaphragm venaccaval hiatus and recipient's SVC. Results Every anastomosis was effective. The operative successful rate and one-week survival rate were 96.7?% and 90.0?% respectively. Conclusion This model could be used as an effective measure for the study of liver transplantation in rats.

Objective To explore the value of laparoscopic operations for early-stage cervix cancer. Methods Eighteen patients with Ⅰ b～Ⅱ a astage cervix cancer underwent extensive total uterectomy combined with pelvic lymphadenectomy under laparoscope (17Ⅰ b cases, 1Ⅱ a case). Concurrently, another 19 patients with the same diagnosis and approximately the same clinical features as the abovementioned 18 cases, as the control group, were treated by open extensive total uterectomy combined with pelvic lymphadenectomy. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative recovery and complications of two groups were compared. Results No statistically significant differences were found on mean operation time between the laparoscopy group (272.8 min?80.3min) and open group (226.5 min?66.8min) (t=1.921,P=0.063). The number of removed lymph nodes was 15.6?5.1 in laparoscopy group and 16.8?5.7 in open group, without statistically significant differences (t=0.674,P=0.505). The recovery time of intestine functions in laparoscopy group (34.2 hours) was obviously shorter than that of open group (60.7 hours) (P