Objective To evaluate the immunoprotection by the inactivated whole bacteria(IWB) of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a in mice.Methods Mice were immunized by inactivated whole bacteria of S.maltophilia K279a made from formaldehyde.When the indicated the antibody titer of the mice reached the require level, the protective effect of the IWB was evaluated by performing the opsonophagocytic killing test in vitro and the poison attack experiments in vivo. Results It was found that IgG in serum of the immunized mice measured by ELISA was significantly increased after the second immune enhancement, and antiserum in vitro had strong phagocytic effect.Meanwhile, immunoprotection of the immunized groups was also significantly increased when challenged by S.maltophilia K279a.Conclusion Effective humoral immune response can be predominantly induced by the inactivated whole bacteria of S.maltophilia K279a, providing protection against challenge by S.maltophilia K279a in BALB/c mice.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of total saponins of Panax japonicus(TSPJ)against CCl4-induced acute liver injury(ALI)in rats and explore the underlying pharmacological mechanisms.Methods Male SD rat models of CCl4-induced ALI were given intraperitoneal injections of distilled water,100 mg/kg biphenyl bisabololol,or 50,100,and 200 mg/kg TSPJ during modeling(n=8).Liver functions(AST,ALT,TBil and ALP)of the rats were assessed and liver pathologies were observed with HE staining.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway molecules in liver tissue;ELISA was used to determine the levels of T-SOD,GSH-Px,and MDA.Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of PI3K-Akt and SIRT6-NF-κB pathways in the liver tissue.Results Network pharmacological analysis indicated that the key pathways including PI3K/Akt mediated the therapeutic effect of TSPJ on ALI.In the rat models of ALI,treatments with biphenyl bisabololol and TSPJ significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced increase of serum levels AST,ALT,ALP,TBil and MDA and decrease of T-SOD and GSH-Px levels(all P<0.01).The rat models of ALI showed significantly increased expression of p-NF-κB(P<0.01),decreased expressions of PI3K,p-Akt and SIRT6 proteins,and elevated expression levels of p-NF-κB,TNF-α and IL-6 proteins in the liver,which were all significantly improved in the treatment groups(P<0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion TSPJ can effectively alleviate CCl4-induced ALI in rats by suppressing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the liver viaregulating the PI3K/Akt and SIRT6/NF-κB pathways.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of total saponins of Panax japonicus(TSPJ)against CCl4-induced acute liver injury(ALI)in rats and explore the underlying pharmacological mechanisms.Methods Male SD rat models of CCl4-induced ALI were given intraperitoneal injections of distilled water,100 mg/kg biphenyl bisabololol,or 50,100,and 200 mg/kg TSPJ during modeling(n=8).Liver functions(AST,ALT,TBil and ALP)of the rats were assessed and liver pathologies were observed with HE staining.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway molecules in liver tissue;ELISA was used to determine the levels of T-SOD,GSH-Px,and MDA.Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of PI3K-Akt and SIRT6-NF-κB pathways in the liver tissue.Results Network pharmacological analysis indicated that the key pathways including PI3K/Akt mediated the therapeutic effect of TSPJ on ALI.In the rat models of ALI,treatments with biphenyl bisabololol and TSPJ significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced increase of serum levels AST,ALT,ALP,TBil and MDA and decrease of T-SOD and GSH-Px levels(all P<0.01).The rat models of ALI showed significantly increased expression of p-NF-κB(P<0.01),decreased expressions of PI3K,p-Akt and SIRT6 proteins,and elevated expression levels of p-NF-κB,TNF-α and IL-6 proteins in the liver,which were all significantly improved in the treatment groups(P<0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion TSPJ can effectively alleviate CCl4-induced ALI in rats by suppressing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the liver viaregulating the PI3K/Akt and SIRT6/NF-κB pathways.

Objective:To understand the current situation of nurses in 52 hospitals in China on mastery of knowledge about skin injury in the elderly based on the background of mixed-mode homogenization training.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 1 067 nurses from 52 hospitals in China were selected as the research objects in January 2021. A self-designed questionnaire on knowledge of skin injury in the elderly was used to investigate the nurses through the questionnaire star and univariate analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors. A total of 1 067 questionnaires were distributed and 1 067 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 100%.Results:The knowledge scores of pressure injury, incontinence-associated dermatitis, skin tear and xerosis cutis among 1067 nurses were (95.66±7.37) , (95.65±9.15) , (91.37±15.45) and (87.67±15.91) , respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed that hospital grade was the influencing factor of nurses' knowledge score of pressure injury, skin tear and incontinence-associated dermatitis ( P<0.05) , educational background was the influencing factor of nurses' knowledge score of skin tear ( P<0.05) , professional title was the influencing factor of nurses' knowledge scores of pressure injury, incontinence-associated dermatitis and xerosis cutis ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Hospitals at all levels need to strengthen the theoretical and practical knowledge training for nurses on skin xerosis and skin tear in the elderly, especially for nurses with primary titles and lower education in grassroots hospitals.

AIM: The main chemical components of Yufang Fangji II (Hubei Fang) of COVID-19 were studied systematically and combined with network pharmacology to provide a reference for the study of its effective substances. METHODS: Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was applied to identify the absorbed components of the prescription in rat plasma. TCMSP database and Swiss Target Prediction data platform were used to predict the target of the identified blood components, and network visualization software Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used draw the association network diagram, and GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted for the key targets. With the help of CB-Dock online molecular docking platform, the molecular docking of key targets and blood entering compounds was carried out, and the docking combination with good affinity value was displayed by ligplot software to verify the preventive effect of Yufang Fangji II on COVID-19. RESULTS: A total of 52 chemical components identified in the prescription, in which 13 components were absorbed in the rat plasma as the prototype, and they were from Astragalus membranaceus, Atractylodes macrocephala, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, respectively. These compounds were recognized to act on 17 core targets, including mapk3, TNF and other targets related to inflammation, MPO and other targets related to oxidative stress, VEGFR, KDR and other targets related to vascular endothelium. The results of molecular docking showed that the absorbed components had good binding activity with the key targets. CONCLUSION: Compounds in Yufang Fangji II are involved in regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular and cellular physiological activities, which have preventive effects on COVID-19 through regulating IL-17, PI3K Akt, MAPK and other pathways.