Objective To learn about the current situation of nosocomial infections and disinfection and sterilization in some basic medical institutions,then to investigate strategy in regulating the management of nosocomial infections,and to propose the improving measure.Methods With unified questionnaire,the following were investigated:(1)the management,organization and rules and regulations of nosocomial infections and disinfection and sterilization,(2)installation and usage of disinfection armamentaria,and(3)usage and disposal after using of disposable medical products in some basic medical institutions.The data were analyzed statistically by SPSS 13.0 statistics software.Results Some basic medical institutions were deficient in organization,rules and regulations about the management of nosocomial infections,lacked disinfection armamentaria,with disinfectants often used incorrectly.The qualified ratio of the effect of disinfection monitored was low(66.9%).Medical wastes and disposable medical products were disposed of inappropriately.Conclusions To normalize the management of nosocomial infections,training should be reinforced,investment increased and awareness and health supervision enhanced.Meanwhile,air disinfection must be fulfilled more intensively.

Objective To explore the correlation between the clinical nurses’turnover intention and their job satisfaction of their present working status.Method The Mueller/Mccloskey Satisfaction Scales(MMSS)and Turnover Intention Scale(TIS)were employed to implement the questionnaire survey among 531 registered nurses from a hospital in Taishan,Guangdong.Results The total scores on nurses turnover intention and their job satisfaction were(3?34±0?40)and(14?54±1?38)respectively.The opportunity for professional improvement,welfare and income,balance between job and family were negatively correlated with their turnover intention (all P<0?05).Conclusions The nursing administration should look into the conditions of nurse’s turnover intention and their job satisfactions so that they can take effective measures to improve their job satisfaction and decrease their turnover intention.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of gamma knife for the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia Methods An analysis of 87 cases with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia treated by gamma knife in our department in the past 5 years was performed In all cases, 4 mm isocenter was targeted at the proximal nerve at the root entry zone located by MRI The target dose varied from 70-90 Gy Results After a follow up of 6-67 months, complete relief of pain occurred in 66 patients (75 9%), 50%-90% relief in 18(20 7%), relief less than 50% in 2(2 3%) but no relief in 1(1 1%) Repeated radiosurgery was performed in 2 patients (2 3%) with recurrent pain After the second radiosurgical procedure, complete relief of pain was found in the 2 patients Two patients(2 3%) experienced facial numbness after radiosurgical procedure Conclusion Gamma knife radiosurgery is a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with few complications Repeated radiosurgical procedure may result in relief of pain, but the long term outcome of gamma knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia needs to be further studied

Databases of PubMed,CNKI,ScienceDirect and Wanfang were searched,and the literatures were selected from 1990 to 2014,to review the studies of tolvaptan on autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD).ADPKD is a chronic progressive disease which significantly enhance the economy burden and death rate.No specific drug can be used to treat or prevent the progress of ADPKD.Tolvaptan applicated in early phase could prolong the progress of ADPKD,but with frequent and serious adverse events.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes of the plasma metabolic phenotype in rats with chronic restraint stress (rats with syndrome of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency), so as to reveal the biological features of the syndrome of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency, and to examine potential application of metabonomic analysis in studies of syndromes in traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: group A, 7 d normal control group; group B, 21 d normal control group; group C, 7 d stress group; and group D, 21 d stress group, with 6 rats in each group. Chronic restraint was used to induce stress in rats. Blood was collected from the cardio-ventricle under anesthesia on the 8th (groups A and C) or 22nd day (groups B and D) and detected by using the Fourier variable superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer (Varian UnityInova 600 M). Free induction decay signals were transferred into one-dimensional NMR spectrogram via 32 k Fourier transformation. Segmental integral calculus (0.04 ppm per segment) was performed from 4.5-0.5 ppm (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill, CPMG) or 6.0-0 ppm (longitudinal eddy-delay, LED) as defaulted 1H spectra values by using the VNMR software. Data were saved as text or excel files after normalization and then used for pattern recognition analyses. All the data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) using the SIMCA-P 10.0 software (Umetrics AB, Umea, Sweden). RESULTS: The PCA analysis of rat plasma (1)H NMR spectra revealed different metabolic spectra between stress and control groups, which were consistent with alterations of in vivo metabolisms in rats under stress stimuli. Compared with the normal control group, rats with repeated stress displayed significant changes in spectral peak shapes of acetate, lactate, tyrosine, low-density lipoprotein, and unknown compounds (3.44 ppm). These altered metabolites can be used as biomarkers of syndrome of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency for further studies. CONCLUSION: The (1)H NMR spectra of metabolites in the rat blood are differentially changed after chronic stress. Specific, characteristic metabolic products can be identified by analyses of metabonomics, which lead to interpretation of biological feature of Chinese medicine syndromes. Therefore, metabonomic analysis is an approach with good development prospects to studies of TCM syndromes.

In the development of radio frequency (RF) coils for better quality of the mini-type permanent magnetic resonance imager for using in the small animal imaging, the solenoid RF coil has a special advantage for permanent magnetic system based on analyses of various types.of RF coils. However, it is not satisfied for imaging if the RF coils are directly used. By theoretical analyses of the magnetic field properties produced from the solenoid coil, the research direction was determined by careful studies to raise further the uniformity of the magnetic field coil, receiving coil sensitivity for signals and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The method had certain advantages and avoided some shortcomings of the other different coil types, such as, birdcage coil, saddle shaped coil and phased array coil by using the alloy materials (from our own patent). The RF coils were designed, developed and made for keeled applicable to permanent magnet-type magnetic resonance imager, multi-coil combination-type, single-channel overall RF receiving coil, and applied for a patent. Mounted on three instruments (25 mm aperture, with main magnetic field strength of 0.5 T or 1.5 T, and 50 mm aperture, with main magnetic field strength of 0.48 T), we performed experiments with mice, rats, and nude mice bearing tumors. The experimental results indicated that the RF receiving coil was fully applicable to the permanent magnet-type imaging system.
Animals ; Magnetic Fields ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; instrumentation ; Magnets ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radio Waves ; Rats

Objective To provide theoretical and experimental proof for selecting and implying Tourette's syndrome(TS) animal models, validities of four TS models induced by chemical factors were compared. Methods Four TS models,namely AMP model,APO model,DO1 model and IDPN model were built up by using different chemical modeling agents. Through detecting spontaneous movement, climbing time and monoamine transmitters levels in striatum, four TS animal models were compared and evaluated from three levels of validities-face, prediction,construct. Results Compared with control group, spontaneous movement times raised ( t = 4. 746, P =0. 000) and level of DOPAC ( (0.99 ± 0. 177 ) ng/mg) in striatum increased (P = 0.029 ), and level of NE in striatum decreased in AMP model group( (0.11 ± 0.033 )ng/mg, P = 0.012). Compared with control group, climbing time prolonged (P = 0. 004) and levels of DA ( ( 10. 19 ± 1.23 ) ng/mg), 5-HT ( ( 0. 54 ± 0.08 ) ng/mg) in striatum raised(P=0. 019, P=0. 002),at the same time ,levels of DOPAC( (0.63 ±0.11 )ng/mg),HVA ((0.45 ±0.04 ) ng/mg) in striatum reduced (P ＜ 0.01 ) in APO model group; Compared with control group, levels of DA ( ( 13.66 ± 1.55 ) ng/mg), DOPAC( (0.80 ±0. 11 ) ng/mg), HVA( ( 1.04 ± 0.14) ng/mg) grew downwards in striatum of DOI model mice(P=0.029,P=0.001, P= 0.004). Compared with control group, level of 5-HT in striatum increased in IDPN300 group ( (0.77 ± 0.09) ng/mg, P = 0.031 ). ConclusionFace validity of AMP model is temporal and that of IDPN model is steady and persistent. AMP model,APO model and DOI model possess predictive validity. AMP model,APO model,DOI model and IDPN model have potentiality of becoming construct validity model.

Objective To investigate the expression of Notch1 protein and its clinicopathologieal characteristics in colorectal carcinomas. Methods The expression and location of Notch1 protein were determined using immunohistochemical S-P method in 30 colorectal carcinomas and 18 normal colorectal tissues. Results The average positive rate of Notch1 protein was 45.5 ± 0. 7% in colorectal carcinomas and 6. 8 ± 0. 9% in normal colorectal tissues. There was significant difference between colorectal carcinomas and normal colorectal tissues (P ＜ 0. 05). The expression of Notchl protein in different age, sex, tumor site, nodal involvement and Dukes stage had no significant difference. The expression of Notch1 protein in different histology grade had significantly statistical difference. Conclusion Notch1 expression was associated with the development of colorectal carcinoma. Notch1 was the potential oncagenic gene. Nothe1 would become the new target of the colorectal tumor therapy in the future.

BACKGROUND:For depressed skul fractures in children, retaining their skul and narrowing surgical incision meet the concept of minimaly invasive surgery as important as ensuring the surgical safety and therapeutic effects, which is also the requirement of children’s parents. OBJECTIVE:To explore the curative effects of in suit replantation of free bone fragments based on a smal incision in children with depressed skul fractures. METHODS: Fifteen patients with depressed skul fractures, aged 3-16 years, were selected and subject to CT examination and manual examination of the scalp at fractured site under general anesthesia for labeling fracture range. Then, one or two bone fragments corresponding to the fracture site and size were selected. A smal incision with a length equal to the outer edge of bone fragments removed. Postoperative folow-up was employed for observation of clinical effects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:An incision, 5-7 cm in length, were made, and one bone fragment was removed from six cases, and two bone fractures were removed from nine cases. Intraoperatively, there were six cases of epidural hematoma, three cases of subdural hematoma, six cases of brain contusion and bleeding. For fracture fixation, one skul lock was used in eight cases, two skul locks in six cases, and three bone plates in one cases. Postoperative CT showed 12 cases of good fracture reduction displayed basic symmetry with the contralateral skul; 3 cases showed partialy depressed bone fragments that were less than 0.5 cm; 6 cases had a little skul defects with a diameter < 1.0 cm; 6 cases had mild epidural hematoma or effusion which was eliminated after conservative treatment. Eleven of 15 cases were folowed for 2 month to 3 years, and showed no changes in skul shape on CT films compared with those at discharge and presented with good stability. In addition, there were one case of mild limb paralysis, one case of mild language barriers, and one case of mild seizures, but al these cased were wel controled by drugs. These findings indicate that in situ replantation of partialy free bone fragments is suitable for depressed skul fractures in children.

AIM:To investigate the changes of brain-derived neruotrophic factor(BDNF),tyrosine kinase B(TrkB) in rat cortex and hippocampus with chronic immobilization stress and the influence of three Chinese formulas(Xiaoyaosan,Sijunzitang,Jinkuishenqiwan) on them.METHODS:Chronic immobilization stress method(180 min daily,repeated 7 days or 21 days) was taken,and the changes of BDNF,TrkB in rat forehead cortex and hippocampus CA1 were measured by immunohistochemistry integrated image analysis.RESULTS:The contents of BDNF in rat forehead cortex and hippocampus CA1 were obviously lower in the model group of 7 days and 21 days than those in the normal control group(P