The current study was conducted to analyze the risk factors associated with the development of intestinal bacterial translocation in rats following major burns. Wistar rats were subjected to 30% total body surface area skin full thickness thermal injury, and samples were collected on postburn days 1, 3, and 5. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the correlations among intestinal mucosal barrier, biological barrier and immunologic barrier associated with gut derived bacterial translocation. The results showed that the total bacterial translocation rate was 53 9% (69 in 128) after burns. According to univariate analysis, the levels of plasma endotoxin and interleukin 6, the counts of mucosal fungi and E. coli, and the score of intestinal lesion markedly increased in animals with bacterial translocation compared with those without ( P =0 000～0 005). But intestinal mucus sIgA and the mucosal bifidobacteria count were significantly reduced in animals with bacterial translocation compared with those without ( P =0 000). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that intestinal lesion scores (odds ratio 45 52, 95% confidence interval 5 25～394 80) and the counts of mucosal bifidobacteria (OR 0 039, 95% CI 0 0032～0 48) were independent predictors associated with gut derived bacterial translocation secondary to severe burns. These results suggested that the increase in intestinal lesion score and decrease in bifidobacteria count in mucosal flora were independent risk factors related to bacterial translocation, and specific interventions targeting these high risk factors should be instituted to attenuate gut derived bacterial translocation.

Objective: To clone novel member of alkaline/neutral invertase (NI) gene in a rare and endangered medicinal plant of Dendrobium officinale, conduct bioinformatic analysis and detect the quantitative expression in different organs. Methods: Primers were designed according to NI gene segment which was selected from leaf transcriptome sequencing results of D. officinale. The full-length cDNA of NI gene was cloned via homology-based cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approach. The physical and chemical properties, secondary structure and tertiary structure of NI protein were forecasted and analyzed using related software. The expression levels of NI gene in roots, stems, and leaves of D. officinale were detected using real-time PCR. Results: A novel gene encoding a NI protein was cloned from D. officinale. This gene (named as DoNI2, GenBank accession number: KY794404) had a total length of 2 397 bp with an open reading frame of 1 836 bp, and encoded a predicted polypeptide of 611 amino acids with a molecular weight of 69 050. Bioinformatics predicted that the isoelectric point of DoNI2 gene encoding protein was 6.38, the instability coefficient was 44.95, and the hydrophobic coefficient was −0.232. RT-PCR showed that DoNI2 gene expressed in all organs with highest expression level in stems and the lowest in roots. DoNI2 gene expression was significantly positively correlation with NI enzymatic activities at different growth years of D. officinale. Conclusion: The full length cDNA sequence in a mitochondrial DoNI2 gene was identified, facilitating future functional analysis of the gene involving in the regulation of sugar metabolism in D. officinale.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preparation of novel cationic liposomes encapsulating siRNA, and evaluate their silence efficiency on target mRNA in LNCap cells. METHODS: Reverse evaporation technique was used to prepare the cationic liposomes. Protamine and calf thymus DNA were added to increase the encapsulation efficiency. The physicochemical property of the liposomes was evaluated. Human prostate cancer cells, LNCap, were used as the cell model. The silence efficiency on target gene in LNCap cells was evaluated with lipofectamine 2000 as the positive control. RESULTS: The optimum liposomes were obtained when the ratio of DOTAP and cholesterol was 3:1 and the ratio of liposomes and siRNA was 300:1. The size distribution and Zeta potential of the liposomes were (117 ± 4.3) nm and (43 ± 3.6) mV, respectively. The liposomes significantly improved siRNA accumulation in cells. CONCLUSION: The novel cationic liposome showed high transfection efficiency and distinct silence efficiency for target gene, which are expected to become a highly effective drug delivery system for anti-cancer drugs.

Ipomoea pes-caprae, the plant of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae), is the marine medicine growing in the intertidal zone of coasts. It is not only the Jing nationality medicine in the southern coastal areas of China, but also the folk medicine in the tropical and subtropical countries such as Australia, Mexico, Thailand, Brazil, and Pakistan. It is resource-rich and widely used. The main compounds contain resin glycosides, terpenoids, phenolic acid, flavonoids, volatile oils, and steroids. Pharmacological studies have been reported that I. pes-caprae has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as antitumor, antibiosis, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anticollagenase, anti-oxidation, immun regulation, and other activities. The recent study on chemical composition and pharmacological activities of I. pes-caprae are summarized in this paper to provide reference for the clinical application, quality control and product development of the marine medicine.

To investigate the susceptibility of Chukars to duck avian influenza virus H9N2 and explore their role in interspecies transmission of influenza viruses. Chukars were inoculated with duck avian influenza viruses H9N2. The present study demonstrated that inflammatory lesions and virus antigen were present in the trachea, bronchus, and parabronchus, and the viruses could be isolated from throat swabs and lung tissue homogenate supernatants. At 14 d post virus inoculation, anti-H9 influenza virus antibody in the serum was detected. The results indicated that Chukars are susceptible to duck avian influenza virus and serve as an intermediate host, thereby facilitating viral gene evolution and supporting the need for continued surveillance of epidemiology and evolution of the influenza virus in Chukars.
Animals ; Galliformes ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Influenza in Birds ; virology ; Respiratory System ; pathology ; virology ; Virus Replication ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical results and the superiority of minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach andABSTRACT Objective :To investigate the clinical results and the superiority of minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach and external fixation with calcaneal locking plates for the treatment of the intra-articular calcaneal fracture.

METHODSFrom July 2011 to August 2012, 12 cases (13 feet) were treated by sinus tarsi approach and external fixation with calcaneal locking plates. There were 10 males and 2 females, aged from 25 to 48 years old (means 35 years old). According to Sanders classifi- cation system, there were 7 feet with type II, 6 feet with type III. The Böhler angle and Gissane angle were compared before and after operation. The clinical results were evaluated with the Maryland foot score system.

RESULTSAll 12 cases were followed up from 6 to 14 months (means 10 months). There were no incision complications. Fracture healing time was from 3 to 6 months (means 4 months). The Böhler angle increased from preoperative (11.19 +/- 5.69) degrees to postoperative (30.13 +/- 7.52) degrees; The Gissane angle increased from preoperative (108.31 +/- 10.35) degrees to postoperative (118.99 +/- 8.94) degrees. According to Maryland foot score system, 8 feet got an excellent result, 3 good, 2 fair.

CONCLUSIONOpen reduction by sinus tarsi approach and external fixation with calcaneal locking plates is an effective method for treatment of Sanders II, III calcaneal fracture. It can obtain good reduction and stable fixation with minimal invasion and lower complications.

Adult ; Ankle Joint ; surgery ; Bone Plates ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; surgery ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease of the lung in the worldwide. With the deeper development of the study, people gradually realized that COPD also with the characteristics of autoimmune diseases. However, the initiation mechanism of acquired immunity in COPD is still unclear. Chronic neutrophilic inflammation of the airways is a distinct feature of COPD. The latest research shows that neutrophils can form a reticular substance composed of DNA in the infected state-NETs, which can not only give full play to the anti infection effect, but also cause tissue damage. In some autoimmune diseases, it can even initiate the acquired immune responses. This paper will briefly review the recent advances of NETs in the pathogenesis of COPD and its potential role as an anti-inflammatory target for COPD, so as to provide new ideas for the anti-inflammatory treatment of COPD in the future.

Rauvolfia serpentine is a traditional Indian medicine and now the genus Rauvolfia becomes a commonly used south medicine in China. Rauvolfia is mainly used to treat hypertension, mental illness, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and other diseases. The paper overviewed the main species and distribution, pharmacological properties, and the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids biosynthetic pathway of Rauvolfia in China. The paper aims to provide reference for research and clinical application in plants of the genus Rauvolfia.

To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Rosa cymosa. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel chromatography repeatedly from the roots of R. cymosa, and their structures were identified by spectral analysis and chemical Methods:. Results: Sixteen compounds were isolated from the roots of R. cymosa and identified as 2-acetyl tormentic acid (1), 2-oxo-pomolic acid (2), 2α,3α,19α-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), kaji-ichigoside F1 (4), rosamultin (5), 23-hydroxy-tormentic acid (6), arjunetin (7), 2α,3α,19α,23-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), 1β, 3α,19α,23-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), catechin (10), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol 8-O-β-D- glucoside (11), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-1-O-β-apiofuranosyl (1’’→6’)-β-glucoside (12), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-phenyl-O-(6’- O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (13), ethyl gallate (14), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (15), and 3,4,5-trimethoxy- benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (16). Conclusion: Compounds 9, 11-13, 15, 16 were obtained from this genus for the first time, and compounds 3, 9, 11-16 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Different parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii can all be used as medicines, including the fruits (Trichosanthis Fructus), pericarps (Trichosanthis Pericarpium), seeds (Trichosanthis Semen) and roots (Trichosanthis Radix). Modern research has confirmed that the main active ingredients of Trichosanthis Pericarpium are flavonoids and amino acids; Trichosanthis Semen mainly contains terpenoids and sterols; Trichosanthis Radix mainly contains protein, steroids and polysaccharides. And the pharmacological effects of various medicinal parts are also different. This paper summarizes the traditional efficacy, chemical composition and modern pharmacological effects of different medicinal parts of T. kirilowii, analyzes the relationship between them, so as to analyze and predict the quality marker of T. kirilowii.