Objective To explore the expression of Akt in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and its regulatory role on its downstream molecules forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) and Bim in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).The role of Akt/FOXO1/Bim signaling pathway on PBMCs apoptosis was clarified.Methods Sixty-three SLE patients and 23 healthy controls were enrolled.PBMC were separated from the peripheral blood specimen.Western blot technique was applied to analyze the expression of Akt,FOXO1 and Bim.Flow cytometry was applied to analyze PBMCs apoptosis.The t-test was used for statistical analysis.Results The apoptosis of PBMCs in patients with active SLE [(16.3±4.0)％] was significantly higher than that of patients with inactive SLE [(5.6 ±2.9)％] and normal controls [(5.2 ±4.2)％,t=4.83,5.05;P＜0.05].The levels of phosphorylation of Akt,FOXO1 and Bim expression was significantly decreased in patients with active SLE as compared with controls and patients with inactive SLE (P＜0.05).However,these indicators had no significant difference between the controls and patients with inactive SLE (P＞0.05).Conclusion ① The results of this study suggest that the expression level of Akt may be a good indicator for disease activity of SLE.Decrease of Akt may promote the occurrence and development of SLE.② Akt activity decline may lead to increased apoptosis of PBMCs.In this process,Akt may regulate its downstream FOXO1 and Bim phosphorylation levels which can enhance their ability to pro-apoptotic.

Semaphorins act as axon guidance molecules,which were either secretory or binding to the cell surface.All its family members contain a Sema structure,which is composed of about 500 amino acid residues and is essential for its biological activity.Functionally,they play different roles in tumors,such as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes,and their abnormal expressions are related to the proliferation,migration and invasion of glioma cells.Semaphorins may be the therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of glioma.

The architecture of the specialized myocardial fibers of the atrioventricular junction area(AVJ) were observed under microscope on serial sections. It was found that the human A-V node extend backward divergently to form two posterior extensions (left and right, LPE, RPE). The A-V node can be divided into a superficial layer and a deep layer, and the deep layer further divided into a upper part and a lower part. The fibers in the superficial layer are vertical, and join with the lower part of the deep layer at the anterior extremity of the node. The lower part of the deep layer is the main axis of the node. The fibers in the lower part of the deep layer are longitudinal, and join with the RPE at the posterior extremity of the node. The fibers in the upper part of the deep layer are oblique and join with the LPE at the posterior extremity of the node, and mix with the lower part at the anterior extremity. The longitudinal dissociation of the anterior part of the His bundle is more distinct than that of the posterior part. The lower-left part of the bifurcating part of the bundle extend to form the posterior left branch, the upper-left and upper-middle parts of the bifurcating part extend to form the anterior left branch, and the right part and lower-middle part of the bifurcating part extend to form the right bundle branch. The morphological evidence of the dual or multiple conducting pathways, the longitudinal dissociation and the reentry pathways in the AVJ were discussed.