Plasma testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) concentrations were assayed by RIA in 95 patients with NIDDM (48 men and 47 women)and 93 non-diabetic controls (43 men and 50 women), all of them were at or over fifty years of age and all the women were postmenopausal. It was found that in male diabetics, the plasma T level was much lower than that of the controls (P0.05).It is suggested that elevation of E2/T ratio might be a risk factor in the development of CHD in male NIDDM patients, while in female patients the relationship was not clearly demonstrated.

【Objective】 To study the expression of leptin mRNA in Chinese obese subjects using dot blot hybridization with a digoxigenin labele d probe. 【Methods】 11 Chinese nonobese subjects (bodymass index, BMI 21.0 kg/ m2±1.5 kg/m2) and 12 Chinese obese subjects(BMI 28.5 kg/m2±2.3 kg/m 2) parti cipated in the study. The human leptin cDNA probe was labeled wih digoxigenin(DI G) b y the random priming method. Expression of leptin mRNA in abdominal adipose tiss ue has been examined using dot blot hybridization with this probe. 【Results】 T he expression of leptin mRNA was significantly higher in obese subjects than in non-obese ones (312.8±108.9 vs 175.9±81.5, relative units, P<0.0 5), an d correlated with BMI (r=0.56, P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 Leptin mRNA le vel is high in obese subjects, and correlated with BMI.

Objective To investigate the biomechanical properties of our self-designed 4 cannulated screws in 4 configurations for fixation of extremely unstable femoral neck fractures.Methods Twelve adult cadaveric femoral specimens were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (n =3) and made into models of extremely unstable femoral neck fracture combined with comminution (Pauwels type Ⅲ).Group A was subjected to fixation in configuration of “double axial compressions plus double stabilizations”,group B to configuration of “positive triangle parallel compression plus small angle screwing”,group C to configuration of “inverted triangle parallel compression plus small angle screwing”,and group D to configuration of “diamond pattern screwing”.Static compression tests,cyclic loading tests and limit load tests were carried out for the 4 groups on a biomechanical testing machine.Results For groups A,B C and D,the axial compression stiffness was respectively 995.29 ±34.16 N/mm,509.89 ± 138.90 N/mm,559.28 ± 111.25 N/mm and 610.18 ±232.35 N/mm,and the limit load was respectively 3,225.33 ±461.31 N,2,008.67 ±237.27 N,2,705.67 ±496.39 N and 2,395.33 ±403.71 N,showing significant differences between the 4 groups (P ＜ 0.05).For groups A,B C and D,the displacement was respectively 0.46 ± 0.10 mm,1.47 ± 0.72 mm,1.14 ±0.24 mm and 1.22 ±0.22 mm,and the limit stiffness was respectively 1,139.28 ±342.09 N/mm,843.56 ±408.91 N/mm,585.98 ± 81.60 N/mm and 729.96 ±251.37 N/mm,showing no significant differences between the 4 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In the fixation of extremely unstable femoral neck fracture with our self-designed 4 cannulated screws,the configuration of “double axial compressions plus double stabilizations” may lead to the greatest biomechanical advantage while the configuration of “positive triangle parallel compression plus small angle screwing” may result in the poorest biomechanical properties.

Objectives To evaluate the protective effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril on diabetic glomerulopathy in rats with experimentally induced diabetes and explore its possible mechanisms. Methods Ninety-two adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetes mellitus + perindopril (DMP) and control (C) groups. According to the duration of diabetes or observation (1, 3, 6 months), each group was randomly subdivided into DM1, DM3, DM6; DMP1, DMP3, DMP6; and C1, C3, C6 groups. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The rats in the DMP groups received perindopril 1 mg*kg-1*d-1, through gastric intubation. Urinary protein excretion rate was determined by the method of Coomassie brilliant blue. Plasma renin activity, renal tissue renin activity, and plasma and renal tissue angiotensin Ⅱ concentration were assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Renal tissue total RNA was extracted by the Chomezymskis AGPC method. Renal angiotensinogen mRNA expression level was assessed by slot blot hybridization using a full length rat angiotensinogen cDNA probe labelled with 32P-dCTP and a random primer.Results There was increased activity of the renin angiotensin system in diabetic rats. Perindopril decreased proteinuria and delayed the progression of glomerular basement membrane thickening. However, it did not reduce the expansion of the mesangial matrix (P<0.05). Renin activity increased and angiotensin Ⅱ concentration decreased significantly in both plasma and renal tissue in diabetes+perindopril groups (P<0.05).Conclusions Perindopril may help prevent the progression of diabetic glomerulopathy, and the inhibition of renin angiotensin system activity may be a mechanism for this action.

Objective To investigate the association of the absence or presence of aspartic acid at position 57 of the HLA-DQ β chain (NA or A) with susceptibility or resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in a Southern Chinese population.Methods Sixty-nine IDDM patients and 47 healthy controls in a Southern Chinese population were HLA-DQB1 genotyped by one-step sequence specific polymerase chain reaction (ssPCR).Results The frequencies of NA and A were 64.5% and 35.5% in the IDDM patients, and 40.4% and 59.6% in the control subjects respectively (RR for NA was 2.68, P<0.01). The frequencies of NA/NA, NA/A and A/A phenotypes were 47.8%, 33.3% and 18.8% in the IDDM patients, and 31.9%, 17.0% and 51.1% in the controls respectively (P<0.01). The frequency of A/A phenotype was significantly lower in the IDDM patients than in the control subjects (RR=0.22, P<0.01). DQB1* 0302 and DQB1* 0201 were more frequent in IDDM patients than in control subjects. The younger the age of IDDM onset, the higher the allele frequencies of DQB1* 0201 and DQB1* 0302.Conclusion The present study suggests that the NA confers the susceptibility to IDDM, while the A confers the protection against IDDM in patients of Southern Chinese origin. These associations are more clearcut in childhood-onset IDDM patients.

Objective To analyze the value of serum microRNA-198(miRNA-198)and miRNA-365 combined with gastroscopy in diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG).Methods 180 patients with CAG who were treated from January 2022 to January 2023 were regarded as the observation group,and 180 patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis in the same period were studied as control group.According to the degree of atrophy,patients with CAG were grouped into 56 mild cases,84 moderate cases and 40 severe cases.The subjects were examined by gastroscopy,and the relative expression levels of miRNA-198 and miRNA-365 in serum were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The diagnostic value of serum miRNA-198 and miRNA-365 levels in patients with CAG was analyzed by receiver operator characteristic curve(ROC curve).The diagnostic value of serum miRNA-198 and miRNA-365 combined with gastroscopy for CAG was analyzed with four grid tables.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of serum miRNA-198 and miRNA-365 in patients with CAG in the observation group were obviously lower,with the aggravation of atrophy,the levels of serum miRNA-198 and miRNA-365 decreased in turn,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);the area under the curve(AUC)of serum miRNA-198 and miRNA-365 levels in the diagnosis of CAG was 0.898 and 0.945,respectively,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of combined gastroscopy in the diagnosis of CAG were 98.33%,81.11%and 89.72%,respectively,its diagnostic efficacy was higher than that of serum miRNA-198,miRNA-365 and gastroscopy alone.Conclusion The levels of serum miRNA-198 and miRNA-365 in patients with CAG are decreased,they have certain diagnostic value for CAG,their combination with gastroscopy can obviously improve the diagnostic value of CAG.