Objective: To examine the help-seeking tendency of Chinese undergraduates in a normal university when they suffering from mental problems, and the reasons that prevented them from seeking professional help. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 292 undergraduates. Results and Conclusions: ①The subjects preferred solving problems themselves to seeking others, and prefered to go to those who were closed to them when they had to ask for help. The professional counseling service was chosen only when the problem became severe and emotionally disturbed.②Male university students preferred to solve problems themselvesmrre than female ones, and students from the city preferred to solve problems themselves more than those from the countryside.③3 Some factors or categories were identified from the total 9 reasons that responsible for not asking for professional help, in which the more important two were "self efficacy relevant factor" and "saving face relevant factor".

This study reviews the researches on self-handicapping in about more than 20 years. It summarizes the practical researches of self-handicapping from 7 aspects: (1)manifestations and types of self-handicapping behaviors;(2)evaluative conditions that typically elicit self-handicapping;(3)motives underlying self-handicapping; (4)factors influencing on self-handicapping; (5)consequences of self-handicapping; (6) measurements of self-handicapping. On this basis, it raises some questions in self-handicappping researches and points out the future direction.

As the products of modern science,the effects of video games on children and adolescents drew the attention of psychologists.Anderson and Bushman proposed the General Aggressive Model,which could explain both the development of aggressive behavior and the difference of individual vulnerability to the effects of violent video games,and they advocated the effects,including short-term effects and long-term effects.Many researches about the relation of violent video games and aggression reported five consistent results:exposure to violent video games increased aggressive behavior,cognition,affect and physiological arousal,and decreased helping behavior.The positive intervention of parents can decrease negative effects of video games.

Objective:To test Jiang Guangrong's(2005)three-dimension model on the depth of counseling process.Methods:In this process-outcome research,28 sessions in a university counseling center were videotaped and coded in terms of the model.Structure Equation Model(SEM)was used to examine the relations between the coding and counselors and clients' evaluation of the session depth.Results:(1)Clients and counselors evaluated differently on the session depth,and clients' evaluation was more positive than counselors' [(4.95±1.12)vs.(4.23±0.94),P<0.05];(2)The model was significantly correlated with counselors' session depth evaluation(path coefficient = 0.55,P<0.01),but not with the clients';(3)The session curves describing each dimension changing over time had different patterns in sessions of different depth level,through which more about the counseling process could be known.Conclusion:The three-dimension model on the depth of counseling process has got some empirical evidences.

doctors from 72 township health centers in 3 counties of Jiangxi Province were given a written test in basic medical knowledge, clinical knowledge of prevention and healthcare and professional knowledge. The rate of excellence of the scores was 45.4% while the rate of failure was 16.9%. A comparative analysis is made of the differences in the scores of doctors of different sexes, ages, specialties, educational backgrounds, and professional titles. It is suggested that it is imperative to conduct training for all doctors so as to enhance the overall quality, to lay stress on the key points and focus on the tackling of the weak links, and to perfect the mechanism so as to promote the renewal of knowledge.

Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of c fos gene and delayed neuron death in perinatal hypoxia ischamia encephalopathy (HIE). Methods Terminal deo xynuleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), immuno histochemistry andreverse transcription PCR(RT PCR) were used to detect the apoptosis and transcription and translation of c fos gene in the hippocampus following HIE. Results Positive signal of apoptosis from CA1 to CA4 sections were observed in experimental hippocampi. Marked signal appeared earlier and longer in CA1 section than in the other sections[CA1: 1 h: (14.6?2.3),24 h: (51?6),72 h: (17.4?0.3);CA4:1 h :1.3?1.6),24 h: (47?8),72 h: (21.6?0.6) apoptosis cell number/ mm 2 ],compared with the sham group of CA1 section P

Objective To investigate the replantation of complete severed fingertip when vein can't be repaired and only artery be repaired. Methods All 13 cases complete severed fingertips were replantated with only artery anastomosis but vein cannot be repaired.Low molecular weight heparin was applied to prevent blood clotting postoperation. Blood-letting by nail extraction or latero-incision were done in some cases.The survival fingers were observed. Results After 3-12 months followed-up,12 cases survived with satisfactory appearance and locomotion,2-PD of 2-7 mm,but 1 case was failed. Conclusion The replanted fingertip may survival with only artery anastomosis because of fewer tissue and faster recontruction of venous return.It would raise the survival rate of replanted fingertip by blood-letting by nail extraction or latero-incision according to the traumatic condition.

Objective To better understand the relationship between doctors service quality and benefit in township public health centers so as to grasp the priorities of management and reform and promote the healthy development of the health cause. Methods The method of single factor analysis was combined with the method of stepwise logistic regression analysis. Results The study indicates that doctors delivering high quality service on average see more patients per day and contribute more to the business income and that service expenses are lower for patients seeking service from doctors who on average see more patients per day. Conclusion There is a positive correlation between doctors service quality and benefit in township public health centers.

Objective To introduce the improvement of the flap from the dorsal site of the index in the application of treatment in the thumb web contracture. Methods Apply improved first dorsal metacarpal flap for 111 cases of patients of the thumb web contracture releasing. The original island or tongue-shaped flaps was modified to be the local flap transfer to the thumb web. Surgical method simplified. Before thumb web contracture was released, the flap was taken from ulnar aspect to radial aspect on the dorsum of the index. The flap was transferred to cover the soft tissue defect on the first web space following the contracture releasing. Flap donor area was closed by split-thickness skin graft. Results One hundred and eleven cases of flaps survived. After the 3-18 months (mean follow-up of 8.5 months), the local appearance, thumb function recovered well for 94.6 percent. Conclusion Improved first dorsal metacarpal flap is effective methods in thumb web contracture releasing.

Objective:From a professional competency-based perspective,this study aimed to explore appro-priate ways for certifying counselors and psychotherapists in China,and focused on improving the evaluation pro-gram for clinical and counseling psychologist of the Clinical and Counseling Psychology Registration System (CCPRS)of Chinese Psychological Society.Method:The theories and methods for certifying counselors and psy-chotherapists in China and overseas were summarized by using the literature method,based on which the design principles for certification in China were determined.Using the expert method,the core competencies of Chinese counselor and psychotherapist were proposed to form the index system of evaluation.A survey was also conducted to obtain a preliminary validity of the improved evaluation program.Result:Design principles for certifying coun-selors and psychotherapists were multi-trait,multi-method,and multi-informant.The core competencies of Chinese counselor and therapist included six domains,which were professional attitudes and conduct,ethics and law,clinical knowledge and skills,science and research,relationship building,cultural diversity and Chinese culture,case man-agement,respectively.Results from the expert judgments indicated that the evaluation materials which formulated by the improved program could assess all six core competencies and had acceptable reliabilities(Cronbach's α=0.74-0.97).And the expert evaluation about the improved program was high.Conclusion:The core competencies of Chinese counselor and therapist,which formulated by the improved evaluation program,reflect the necessary attitudes,knowledge and skills that needed when engaged in the professional practice of counseling and psychothera-py,and also can be used as a reference for counselor and psychotherapist education,training,practice,and compe-tency evaluation in China.The improved evaluation program can be used as a transitional way for certifying coun-selors and psychotherapists in China.