Objective To investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract from Evodia officinalis Dode(EEEO) in a rat model of acute hepatic necrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).Methods Wistar rats were divided into four groups (control,CCl4,EEEO + CCl4,and Silmyarin + CCl4),the four groups were given intragastrically with normal saline,EEEO for 5 d,respectively.In the last one day,these groups except for control group were injected peritoneally with CCl4.Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer.Pathological changes of hepatic tissues were assessed by hematoxylin-eosine (HE) staining.The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver homogenate were analyzed using xanthinoxidase and thio-barbituric acid,respectively.Results Compared the ALT [(345.4 ±51.6)U/ml] and AST [(621.7 ± 143.5) U/ml)] of CCl4 group with ALT [(41.1 ± 2.2) U/ml] and AST [(85.2 ± 22.2) U/ml] of control group,the serum levels of ALT and AST in the CCl4 group were increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).HE staining of liver tissue,the degeneration and necrosis were implicated to the whole hepatic lobules in the CCl4 group.In EEEO + CCl4 group,compared the ALT [(308.1 ± 44.6) U/ml] and AST [(546.4 ± 131.6) U/ml] of low dose EEEO + CCl4 group with the ALT [(210.6 ±34.5) U/ml] and AST [(379.3 ± 112.3) U/ml] of high dose EEEO +CCl4 group the serum levels of ALT and AST were decreased significantly in low dose EEEO + CCl4 group (P ＜0.05).The denaturation and necrosis of hepatic lobules,the level of SOD,CAT were increased and MDA decreased (P ＜ 0.05) inendochylema.Concluslons EEEO can significantly relieve the CCl4-induced hepatonecrosis.The role may be related to anti-lipid peroxidation.

This study is to investigate the anti-allergic effect of anthocyanidin and to explore its possible mechanism. The experiments of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction (PCA) and colorimetry were used to determine the effect of anthocyanidin on degranulation of mast cells in vivo. For in vitro study, various concentrations of anthocyanidin (100, 50 and 25 micromol x L(-1)) were added to the culture medium of mast cells cultured with 100 microg x L(-1) of dinitrophenyl (DNP) specific IgE overnight. The azelastine (100 micromol x L(-1)) was selected as the positive control. The antigen (DNP-human serum albumin, DNP-HAS)-induced release of degranulation was measured by enzymatic assay, histamine was determined by EIA, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured by Western blotting, separately. In addition, the effects of anthocyanidin on phosphorylation of NF-kappaB, p38MAPK and Akt were observed by Western blotting. The results showed that treatments with anthocyanidin (100 and 50 mg x kg(-1)) were followed by a decrease in PCA of rats. Anthocyanidin (100 and 50 micromol x L(-1)) obviously suppressed the degranulation from mast cells, whereas results from anthocyanidin (100 and 50 micromol x L(-1)) group indicated significant inhibitory effect on histamine, the calcium uptake, TNF-alpha, IL-6, phosphorylation of NF-kappaB, p38MAPK and Akt of mast cells induced by antigen. Anthocyanidin may suppress the anaphylactic reaction by inhibiting the action of mast cells. NF-kappaB, p38MAPK and Akt at least in part contribute to this event.