In cardiac myocytes, Ca 2+ sparks origining fr om a single RyR or a few RyRs are triggered by a single L-type Ca 2+ channel or occur spontaneously. Ca 2+ sparks constitute the elementary local Ca 2+ release events from the SR. Ca 2+ sparks occur at Z-lines and rando mly distribute at different locations, the characteristics of the kinetics are r egulated by many factors. In addition, I Ca.T, Na+/Ca 2+ exchang e, I Ca(TTX) and IP 3 are other putative sources of Ca 2+ that tr igger SR Ca 2+ release.

Objective To investigate the health status of university faculty.Methods The healthy physical examination results of teaching staff in Beijing University of Technology in 2012 were statistically analyzed.Results Among 4 191people,3 678 were examined abnormal.The prevalence rate was 87.97％.A total of 36 kinds of diseases were detected,and mainly in chronic diseases such as pharyngitis,fatty liver,hyperlipidemia,hypertension,breast hyperplasi a,diabetes or fasting glucose ≥7.00mmol/L and others.The prevalence rate in the male staff was significantly higher than that in female staff(all P ＜ 0.05).Condusion College teachers' health condition is not optimistic.Necessary preventive measures such as regularly medical examinations,strengthening health care and education should be taken and implemented.

Hydrolysate of Meretrix meretrix soft tissue (HMST ) (20, 10g/kg ,po.for 14d ) could markedly inhibit the increase of serum total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG),enhance the content of high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HLD-C) ;reduced cholesterol(Ch)of the liver(for 28d)in hyperlipimic quail ;and it could also reduce whole blood viscosity in normal and hyperlipemic quail (for 21d).In addition.it could suppress the platelet aggregation induced by ADP in rabbits in vitro. The results show that HMST obviously decreased blood lipid and whole blood viscosity .inhibited platelet aggregation.

Objective To explore the possible risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASD),and to pro-vide a basis for exploring the etiology of the disease.Methods This case -control study included 68 patients diag-nosed as ASD for a first lifetime(according to the fourth edition of the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disordersfor ASD diagnosis)from May 201 4 to January 201 5,and 77 non -ASD controls (normal children, matched on gender)in Jiangxi Children′s Hospital were selected to undergo the risk factor survey for ASD.The survey content included 1 0 categories:general status,birth,feeding,the past history,mother′s pregnancy and her health condi-tion during pregnancy and environmental exposure,parents′occupational exposure,family history and relevant test re-sults.Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the results of the survey.Results The possible risk factors for ASD increased if mother had virus infection 2 years before pregnant (OR =7.97,95%CI:2.42 -26.31 ),had occu-pational exposure (OR =3.99,95%CI:1 .27 -1 2.52),volatile organic compounds exposure during pregnancy (OR =22.21 ,95%CI:2.28 -21 6.09),as well as living closely to transport passage ways during pregnancy (OR =0.59,95%CI:0.38 -0.93)or having a family heredity history (OR =58.50,95%CI:5.81 -589.57).Breastfeeding (OR =0.81 ,95%CI:0.66 -0.98)might be a protective factor in ASD.Conclusions In addition to genetic factors,the ute-rine environment from conception to birth and growth environment play an important role in the pathogenesis of ASD.

Objective To explore the various risk factors of the Stanford type B aortic dissection(ADA) patients in perioperation period .Methods Data of 100 Stanford type B ADA patients was collected from June 2009 to June 2012 in our hospital ,and their clinical characteristics and risk factors were analyzed .Results The clinical features of patients with ADA were related to many fac‐tors .Logistic regression analysis showed that the death risk of female was 4 .5 times larger than the male .Diastolic pressure was an independent protective factor of prognosis ,and 1 mm Hg increase in diastolic pressure resulted in 6% mortality decrease . Conclusion The clinical features of patients with ADA is related to many factors ,among which the gender is an independent one;level of diastolic blood pressure is independent protective factor of prognosis .

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of quercetin on plantar incision-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 activity,microglia activation and the analgesic effect of quercetin on plantar incision surgery-treated mice.Postoperative pain model was mediated by plantar incision surgery and Von Frey Hairs was used to test the mechanical pain threshold.The activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 in spinal cord was evaluated by gelatin zymography.The marker of microglia ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1),phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) was detected by Western blot.Results showed that quercetin (20,40,80 mg/kg,ip) significantly inhibited plantar incisioninduced mechanical allodynia and suppressed the activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 in the spinal cord.Moreover,quercetin also markedly inhibited plantar incision-induced up-regulation of IBA-1 and p-p38 in spinal cord.In conclusion,quercetin may alleviate postoperative pain by suppressing MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity in microglia.

In order to figure out phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity of different geographical populations,genetic analyses of Aedes albopictus were performed based on mitochondrial gene COI.Based on samples collected from most distribution regions in China,mitochondrial gene Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I was obtained through PCR and DNA sequence.Together with some COI sequences downloaded from GenBank,60 COI sequences with the final length of 598 bp were used for subsequent analyses.Results showed that there was no obvious divergence according to phylogenetic analyse,all sequences were clustered together in Maximum Likelihood tree.Sixteen haplotypes were detected,and four of them shared haplotypes.Haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.737,nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.20 ％.Population genetic differentiation analyses demon strated that Hainan population showed obvious divergences.In the network of haplotypes,H1 and H6 was found to be the primary haplotypes,and they formed two radical centers.All these results indicate that A.albopictus populations of China are expanding presently,and Hainan population become differential with other geographical populations,which probably attribute to geographical isolations.

ObjectiveTo investigate the control rate and influence factors of glycolated hemoglobin A1C(HbA1c) of type 2 diabetes in Baoding city community.MethodsA cluster-randomized study was conducted and three communities were selected randomly.The study involved all of people aged 45 years old and above in the three communities.The type 2 diabetic patients diagnosed before,were recorded through the cross section study.Then the questionnaire was finished.All diabetic plasma HbA1c was determined by HPLC method.ResultsEighty-seven patients with HbA1c≤7％ were only 18.6％ in all diabetic patients.As the plasma level of HbA1c increased,occurrences of macroangiopathy and microangiopathy were both increased,by the trend test.Logistic regression analysis showed that therapeutic measures and knowledge about diabetes were main influence factors of achieving the hemoglobin Alc target of ＜7％ in type 2 diabetes.ConclusionThere were low HbA1c control in diabetic patients of Baoding community,and knowing diabetes well and receiving insulin treatment might decrease HbA1c level apparently.

AIM　To study the characteristic of th e rapidly activating component (Ikr) and the slowly activating compone nt (Iks) of the delayed rectifier K+ current in guinea pig hypertrop hi ed ventricular myocytes induced by thyroxine. METHOD　The whole c ell patch clamp techniques were used. RESULTS　In hypertrophied ve ntricular myocytes, the magnitude of IKr and IKs were great ly augmented with more positive depolarizations, and the degree of increase of IKr tail and IKs were greater than that of IKr an d IKs tail, respectively. By measuring the amplitude of tail currents which reflected the degree of activation, the activation curve of IKs was shifted toward more negative potential, but that of IKr was marked ly unaffected in hypertrophied myocytes. CONCLUSION　Hypertrophied ventricular myocytes induced by thyroxine obviously increased IKr and IKs.

[Objective]This study was designed to investigate the effects of 5-aminoimidasole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR)on activity of transcription factor Forkhead O 3a(FOXO3a)and expression of ubiquitin ligase muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx),and to explore the role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)on proteolysis pathways in eardiomyocytes.[Methods]The effect of AICAR on activation of AMPK was observed.Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was treated with AICAR in different concentration.Cultured cardiomyocytes were then divided into three groups:control group,AICAR group,AICAR+Compound C group.Effects of AMPK activation on phosphorylation of FOXO3a and expression of MAFbx in cardiomyocytes were detected using Western blot.[Results]①Compared with control group,activity of AMPK in cultured cardiomyocytes was increased after treatment with 0.25 mmol/L or 0.5 mmol/L AICAR for 6 h(P＜0.05),and the activity of AMPK was further enhanced after treatment with 1.0 mmol/L or 2.0 mmol/L AICAR for 6 h(P＜0.01).②Activation of AMPK by AICAR significantly increased the transcriptional activity of FOXO3a(P＜0.01),and enhanced MAFbx protein expression in cardiomyocytes when comparing with control group(P＜0.01),however,specific AMPK antagonist Compound C markedly reversed these effects induced by AICAR.[Conclusion]AMPK may regulate cardiomyocytes proteolysis by activation of FOXO3a transcription factor,and up-regulation of MAFbx protein expression.