Objective To determine the association between serum potassium level and the severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Methods A total of 246 patients underwent coronary artery angiography were included into this study, and were divided into four groups according to the involved main coronary artery:control group (0 diseased vessel, n=81), one dis?eased vessel group (n=43), double diseased vessel group (n=46) and three diseased vessel group (n=76). Patients were also di?vided into low potassium group (K+<4.0 mmol/L, n=99) and high potassium group (K+≥4.0 mmol/L, n=147) according to the levels of serum potassium. The severity of coronary stenosis was quantitated by Gensini score system. The clinical data were compared between groups. The relationship between Gensini score system and clinical information was analyzed. The multi?ple regression method was used to analyse the risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD). Results (1) There were higher percentages of elders, male, smoking, diabetes mellitus and hypertension patients in three diseased vessel group than those of control group. The serum potassium level was significantly lower in three diseased vessel group (3.97 mmol/L±0.37 mmol/L) than that of control group (4.11 mmol/L±0.33 mmol/L) and one diseased vessel group (4.13 mmol/L±0.41 mmol/L). There were higher percentages of elders, male and hypertension patients in double diseased vessel group than those of control group. The percentages of male and hypertension patients were higher in one diseased vessel group than those of control group. The Gensini scores were three diseased vessel group>double diseased vessel group>one diseased vessel group>control group (P<0.05). (2) There was a significantly higher Gensini score in low potassium group [36(8, 94)] than that of high potassium group [16(0,56)]. (3) There was significant negative correlation between serum potassium level and Gensini score (r=-0.206, P=0.001). (4) It was found that age, male, the low level of serum potassium, diabetes mellitus and hyperten?sion were independent risk factors of CHD. Conclusion The serum potassium level is negatively correlated with the severi?ty of CHD. The low level of serum potassium is an independent risk factor of CHD.

Cardiac conduction abnormalities and/or atrioventricular (AV) block have been reported as one of the most frequent complications of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The impairment of AV conduction was resulted from the balloon and valve-induced injury. Patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB) before TAVI operation, receiving the Medtronic CoreValve Revalving System (MCRS) implant and the implantation of valve prosthesis too deep in the left ven-tricular outflow tract have been reported to require permanent pacemaker implantation.

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of the use of budesonide for externally-used budesonide in the surgical cavities following endoscopic sinuous surgery(ESS).Method:122 cases with chronic sinusitis were randomly divided into two groups treated by the routine procedures after endoscopic sinuous surgery but the treatment group with 61 cases were treated by the addition of budesonide suspension for inhalation in the surgical cavities.The process of the epithelization in the surgical cavities by endoscopy was investigated.Result:The process of cleaning in 15 days in the surgical cavities was better in the budesonide-using group than in the controlled group.A significant difference was found(P

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias in clinical practice.It often causes serious thromboembolic complications,which brings great harm to human health.The incidence and morbidity rates of AF are increasing year by year.The research on the pathogenesis of AF has been focused on the aspects of electrical remodeling and structural remodeling.Atrial electrical remodeling and structural remodeling are the main mechanism of AF for the maintenance and recurrence.The intervention of atrial remodeling is helpful to the treatment of AF.It is found that the rennin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in atrial remodeling.RAAS blockers can significantly reduce the onset of AF by inhibiting the activation of the renin axis,which can block the activation of RAAS and improve the atrial remodeling.This may provide a new choice for the treatment of AF.This article reviews the research progress of RAAS blocking agent in the prevention and treatment of AF.

AIM: To evaluate the effects of simulated acute ischemia and reperfusion on L-type calcium current (ICa,L) in ventricular myocytes from diabetic and non-diabetic rabbits.METHODS: Using whole-cell patch clamp techniques, ICa,L was measured in left ventricular myocytes isolated from 6-week alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits and age-matched control ones at baseline, 5 min of simulated ischemia, and 5 min of reperfusion.RESULTS: There were no significant differences on baseline maximum ICa,L densities between diabetic and control ventricular myocytes. In control cells (n=11), maximal ICa,L densities of baseline, ischemia and reperfusion were (-8.36±1.63)pA/pF, (-5.90±1.75)pA/pF and (-4.22±1.02)pA/pF, respectively. The ICa,L of ischemia was less than that of baseline (P<0.01), while the ICa,L of reperfusion was less than those of baseline (P<0.01) and ischemia (P<0.05). In diabetic cells (n=9),the ICa,L of baseline, ischemia and reperfusion were (-7.55±1.62)pA/pF, (-6.05±1.58)pA/pF and (-5.12±1.13)pA/pF, respectively. Only ICa,L of reperfusion was less than that of baseline (P<0.01), while ICa,L of ischemia was not significantly different from that of baseline (P>0.05) or reperfusion (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: ICa,L in diabetic ventricular myocytes represents blunted response to acute ischemic injury, being decreased more slowly than that in control cells. Post-ischemic reperfusion is still a potent inhibitor against ICa,L in both diabetic and non-diabetic cells. This study may be indicative of the mechanism about ischemia-reperfusion injury to diabetic myocardium and the therapy for diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease.

Objective:To investigate the root and canal morphology of mandibular first permanent molars in adolescents by cone-beam computered tomography (CBCT).Methods:366 mandibular first permanent molars in 1 83 adolescents aged 1 2 -1 6 years were examined by CBCT from July,201 2 to December,201 3.The age,sex,the number of roots and canals and canal morphology were re-corded.The data were statistically analyzed by software SPSS 1 9.0.Results:365 mandibular first permanent molars showed single mesial root except one with C-shaped root;282(77.05%)teeth had one distal root,83(22.68%)had two.356(97.27%)teeth had two mesial canals and 9(2.46%)had one.229(62.57%)teeth had one distal root with one canal,53(1 4.48%)had one distal root with two canals.83(22.68%)had two distal roots with one canal in each root,one (0.27%)had C-shaped root with three canals. There were no significant differences between males and females and between the two sides on the number of roots and number of ca-nals.Conclusion:Majority of mandibular first molars have two roots,the root change occurs in distal root.The prevalence of three-rooted mandibular first molars has no significant difference between genders and 2 sides.

Objective To investigate the association of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)-B gene single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) and plasma PDGF-BB level with in-stent restenosis(ISR) in elderly patients.Methods 157 patients who had undergone coronary artery stenting for more than half year were divided into ISR group(n=74) and NISR group(non-ISR,n=83) according to the angiographic diagnosis of in-stent restenosis (ISR).Plasma level of PDGF-BB was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).DNA was isolated from leukocytes.Two SNPs of the PDGF-B gene(rs1800818 and rs1800817) were determined by Taqman Quantitative Real-Time PCR with TaqMan-MGB probe.Results There were no significant differences in genotype frequency of rs1800818 AA,AG,GG between ISR group and NISR group(x2 =4.48,P＞0.05).The frequency of rs1800818A allele was much higher in ISR group than in NISR group(x2 =5.33,P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in genotype frequency of SNP rs1800817 AA and AC(x2 =0.06,P＞ 0.05) and allele frequency of SNP rs1800817 A and C(x2 =0.06,P＞0.05) between ISR group and NISR group,while genotype CC was not found.The plasma level of PDGF-BB was higher in ISR group than in NISR group [(6.53±3.65) ng/L vs.(5.07±2.45) ng/L,t=2.92,P＜0.01].Plasma level of PDGF-BB in patients with rs1800818 AA genotype was significantly higher in ISR group than in NISR group [(9.94 ± 4.60) ng/L vs.(5.90 ± 2.98) ng/L,t =2.69,P＜0.05].Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that plasma PDGF-BB level was the risk factor for ISR (OR =1.187,95.0％ CI:1.054 1.337,P＜0.01).Conclusions High plasma PDGF-BB level is the risk factor for ISR,but PDGF-B gene SNPs rs1800818 and rs1800817 are not associated with the occurrence of ISR.

Objective To investigate whether sodium ferulate（SF）can prevent contrast-induced renal injury in chronic renal insufficiency patients and its possible mechanism.Methods Eighty-six patients with chronic renal insufficiency,whose serum creatinine（Scr）levels ranged from 132 μmol/L to 358 μmol/L were randomly divided into control group（saline 100 ml iv drip）and SF treatment group（treatment group,saline 100 ml ＋ 0.3 g SF iv drop）based on sufficient hydration.Patients were treated with the above-mentioned protocols at 3 h be-fore the administration of contrast medium and in the following 3 days,Scr,plasma malondialdehyde（MDA）and urine nitric oxide（NO）were measured before angiography and on the third day after angiography.Results The incidence rate of contrast-induced nephropathy（CIN）in control group was significantly higher than that in treatment group（P 〈 0.05）.The contrast medium increased Scr levels and plasma MDA,and decreased urine NO excretion,while SF treatment attenuated the above changes（P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion The preventive effect of SF on con-trast-induced renal injury might be associated with its suppressive effect on endothelin,increasing renal production of NO and anti-oxydation.

Objective To observe the effect of pure Chinese traditional medicine preparation Fuzheng Anti-poisonous capsule and Kang Aibao Lives capsule to treat HIV/AIDS. Methods 140 examples confirmed by the Yunnan Province Centres for Disease Control and Prevention were treated by Fuzheng anti-poisonous capsule and Kang Aibao Lives Capsule,according to the Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation. 83 cases taking the medicine for more than 6 months were collected. The changes of Chinese medicine clinical symptoms and signs,the clinical symptoms and signs,the integrals,body weights,cold-catching numbers and CD4 were observed. Results The effective rate,steady rate and ineffective rate of Chinese medicine clinical symptom were 79.52%,10.84% and 9.63%,respectively. Increase,stable and reduces of integral were 48.19%,45.78% and 6.02%,respectively. Weight gain,stable and reduce were 56.62%,19.28% and 24.10%,respectively. Reduce,stable and increase of cold-catching number were 46.99%,43.37% and 9.64%,respectively. Effective,stable and ineffective of CD4 was 56.00%,10.67% and 33.33%,respectively. Conclusion The Chinese medicine has the remarkable curative effect in treating AIDS,and also has the obvious superiority.

This paper is to report our study of using single radical hemolysis(SRH) technique to detect the specific antibody for Japanese B encephalitis (JBE) virus in 101 samples of pigs' serum at Chongqing area. It was found that SRH was more sensitive and more specific in the detection of the JBE virus antibody in the pig's serum than CF or HI. SRH is simple in its technique and easy to perform. In addition, it is very sensitive and specific and it can be reproduced easily. It is suggested that SRH be used in clinical diagnosis and in seroepidermic survey of JBE virsus infection.