ObjectiveTo manage the early immunosuppressant-associated hypertention in liver transplantation patients. MethodsFifty-six liver transplantations were performed from May 2000 to May 2002, their clinical feature (data of blood pressure and treatment) were analysed. ResultThe incidence of hypertension after liver transplantation was 70% in 2 weeks, 66% in one month. The incidence in cyclosporine group and FK506 group was 73% (31/40) and 33%(3/9) respectively(P

BACKGROUND: The structural and functional changes in resistance arteriole of external diameter ＜300 μm is one of the pathological foundations for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, however there are few quantitative study on the arterioles of various external diameter at different brain area.OBJECTIVE: To probe the difference of arteriolar sclerosis of various external diameter at different brain area after cerebral infarction.DESIGN: Sample investigation.SETTING: Department of Nerve Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.SUBJECTS: Specimen was taken from donated autopsy case in General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from January 1980 to September 2000. According to the clinical manifestation, brain CT inspection and pathological diagnosis of autopsy, 38 cases were defined as arteriosclerosis cerebral infarction and taken as experimental group, other 15 cases with non-cardiac cerebrovascular disease were taken as controls.METHODS: specimen was obtained in 1-3 days after death from frontal and parietal cerebral cortex and basal gonglion white matters (3 pieces /case) and cut into slices. Five fields of vision were selected from each slice for microscopic observation. Arteriole was divided into ＜ 50 μm group,50-100 μm group and ＞100 μm group according to the arteriole external diameter. (External diameter- internal diameter)/internal diameter was used to assess vascular sclerosis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Difference of arteriole sclerosis between corresponding external diameter cerebral infarction group and control group. [2] Arteriole sclerosis in various brain region in cerebral infarction group.RESULTS: Totally 38 experimental cases died from arteriosclerosis cerebral infarction and 15 controls died from non-cardiac cerebrovascular disease were enrolled and all data was entered the result analysis. [1] The arteriolar sclerosis index was obviously higher in ＜ 50 μm external diameter cerebral infarction group than in 50-100 μm group and ＞100 μm group[(138.55±76.67)% vs (116.82±58.80)%, (78.07±32.06)%, P ＜ 0.01], while it was approximately the same in the 100 μm external diameter group and control group [(78.07±32.06)% vs (46.38±13.41)%, P=0.174 ]. [2] In ＜ 50 μm external diameter cerebral infarction group, the arteriolar sclerosis index in white matters was significantly higher than that in gray matter [(152.86±87.83)%,(127.97±64.76)%, P ＜ 0.05 ].CONCLUSION: Arteriolar sclerosis degree is correlated with its external diameter and position in patients with cerebral infarction after arteriosclerosis, arteriole of small external diameter or in the white matter has higher arteriolesclerosis liability.

Many kinds of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)exist in the indoor air,the chemical reaction will occur among the pollutants when O3 and NO2 exist simultaneously.This reaction can severely impact the indoor air quality and produce some adverse effects on human health.The main chemical reactions among the indoor air pollutants and the potential health effects associated with inhalation exposure to the products of the chemical reaction in the indoor air were discussed in the present paper.The study of the chemical reactions among indoor VOCs is very important for human health and is helpful for revising the Indoor Air Quality Standard and making the 'Ecologic Label' of building materials.

Objective To study the causes and management of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation.MethodsClinical data of 38 patients who have underwent orthotopic liver transplantation between May 2000 and January 2002 were studied retrospectively. ResultsPostoperative bililary complications occurred in 9 patients(24%), including simple biliary fistula in 4, stricture of hepatoenterostomy, intrahepatic cholelith, biliary stricture with sludge, biliary stricture with cholelith, and intrahepatic biloma and cholelith in one each. Two patients died of the complication, and seven were cured successfully. ConclusionsThe causes of biliary complications are complicated. Early diagnosis and timely management helps to decrease the mortality. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is a valuable, less traumatic procedure.

[Objective]To evaluate the long-term clinical results of Herbert screw in the treatment of intra-articular fractures by retrospective analysis.[Method]From 1991 to 2006,fifty-five patients of different parts of intra-articular fracture treated with Herbert screw were followed up effectively,including scaphoid fracture group of 19 cases,the radial head fracture group of 25 cases,the femoral head fracture group of 11 cases.[Result]After an average follow-up time of 5 years and 11 months(ranged,1-13 years),the good-to-excellent rates were 94.7%,96%,72.7% according to the modified Mayo score,the Broberg-Morrey score and the Tompson-Epstein score.[Conclusion]The Herbert screw can provide strong fixation and stability in the long-term follow-up.It is an ideal material in treating intra-articular fractures.

Objective This study was to detect protein expression of ERK 1,ERK 2,JNK 1,p38 and MEK 1 ,MEK 2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent non neoplastic liver tissues.Method Western blot was used to detect the expression of ERK 1,ERK 2, JNK 1,p38 and MEK 1,MEK 2 in the surgically resected hepatocellular carcinoma and para carcinoma tissues in 16 HCC patients.[WT5”HZ] Result The expression of ERK 1,ERK 2,p38 expressed by integral optic density (IOD) in hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly higher than that in para carcinoma respectively: as for ERK 1 it was 300?98 in carcinoma and 98?48 in para carcinoma tissues ( P

A non-contrast CT (NCCT) scan is usually obtained after intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis to assess for possible hemorrhagic complication. Hyperdensity on NCCT following IA thrombolysis can represent either hemorrhage or extravasated iodinated contrast material, and these can be diffi cult to distinguish.1 This is illustrated by the following case report.

Objective:To investigate the outcome of liver transplantation(LT) for end stage liver disease with portal vein thrombosis(PVT) in different processes.Methods: Data from 308 patients who underwent LT from July 2004 to February 2008 were retrospectively assessed.The processes of varies grades of PVT during LT were analyzed and estimated for whether the outcome of LT was different between patients with or without PVT.Results: There were 46 patients with PVT,including 11 of grade 1,14 of grade 2,18 of grade 3 and 3 of grade 4.LT performed in grade 1 and 2 PVT patients without special intervention.LT was performed in 16 patients with grade 3 PVT after simple thrombectomy or thrombus-extraction.The other 2 patients with grade 3 PVT received the donor superior mesenteric vein to act as a bridge between the donor portal vein and host superior mesenteric vein.Two cases with grade 4 PVT received a cavo-portal hemitransposition,and the other one anastomosis between graft portal vein and varicose coronary vein.The postoperative 1-year survival rates of patients without PVT and patients with PVT were 91.6%(240/262),80.5%(211/262)vs 86.9%(40/46),76.1%(35/46),respectively.The patients with PVT had a recurrence rate of 4.3%(2/46).Conclusion: Most patients suffering from end stage liver disease with PVT can be successfully treated by LT.However,the result of the patients with diffused PVT undergoing LT is relatively poor.

Objectives To determine the incidence of de novo neoplasms after liver transplantation and methods of prevention.Methods The clinical data of 605 patients after liver transplantation carried out from May 2000 to December 2010 in our centre were analysed.The patient's gender,age,primary disease and the clinical characteristics of post-transplantation de novo neoplasms were analysed.Results The incidence of de novo post-transplantation neoplasms was 1.80％.There was one case of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD),one case of pulmonary blastoma,one case of acute myelogenous leukemia,one case of bladder tumor,one case of gastric carcinoma,one case of sigmoid colon carcinoma,one case of carcinoma of rectum,one case of renal clear cell carcinoma and two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma.Conclusion There was a low incidence of de novo posttransplantation neoplasm in our centre than that reported in the West,probably because of variations in patient selection,immunosuppression regimens used,patients' age and different patient ethnic groups.Early diagnosis and treatment of de novo neplasm helped to improve prognosis.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of 17β-estradiol on ischemia reperfusion injury in rat liver transplantation. Methods The rats were divided into three groups: male to male group(MG), female to female group (FG), and male to male group which were given 17β-estradiol 4000 μg/kg 24 hours before liver transplantation intraperitoneally (M + EG). Then transplantation was performed. At 6 hours after portal vein reperfusion, blood samples were obtained to determine the levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and nitric oxide(NO). The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in liver were observed by immunohistochemistry. Results ALT and AST levels in the M+EG group were lower than those in MG and FG (561. 69 U/L vs 730. 78 U/L and 678. 82 U/L; 726. 44 U/L vs 914. 21 U/L and 861. 86 U/L). The NO level (63. 54 μmol/L) was much higher than those in the MG and FG groups. The expression of eNOS in the M+EG group was higher than those in MG and FG, while the expression of iNOS in M+EG were lower than those in MG. and FG. Conclusion 17β-estradiol can attenuate ischemia reperfusion injury in rat liver transplantation by improving the balance of eNOS and iNOS.