Quantum dots,as nanometer-sized semiconductor crystals,are widely used in life sciences for their excellent optical characteristics.This article introduces the unique optical characteristics of quantum dots and their application in labeling cancer cells and tumor markers as well as in the targeting and imaging of tumor vasculature.

The dual source computed tomography is equipped with two X-ray tubes and two corresponding detectors.With its 83 ms-temporal resolution of single segment reconstruction,high quality coronary artery CT angiography can be acquired without heart rate control.Dual energy output by two x-ray tubes improves the differentiation of body tissues,clinical application and lesion diagnostic accuracy of CT.

Objective To discuss the construction and principal of dual-source CT,as well as its superiorities in imaging of heart coronary artery and the clinical application of dual energy technique.Methods The structure of Siemens 64-slice CT was analyzed.The superiorities of dual-source CT in imaging of heart coronary artery were compared with conventional multi-slice CT,and the clinical value of dual energy technique was discussed.Results The dual-source computed tomography had high temporal resolution superiority,and high quality coronary artery CT angiography could be acquired without heart rate control.Dual energy technique could be applied to differentiate tissue component,display given tissue,evaluate the content of iodine in tissue.Conclusion Dual-source CT can not only enhance the diagnosis veracity of pathological changes of heart coronary artery but improve the ability of CT in tissue differentiation.

The low sensibility of MR molecular imaging to signals makes signal amplification exceptionally important.This paper reviews the strategy of the reporter gene signal amplification in MR molecular imaging.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics and the bioequivalence of cefdinir dispersible tablets in healthy volunteers.METHODS:Microbiological assay method was used to determine the plasma concentration at different time in 20 healthy volunteers after oral administration of single dose of 400mg of cefdinir dispersible tablets(test preparation) and cefdinir capsule(reference preparation) by cross-over way.RESUTLS:The concentration-time curves of test preparation and reference preparation of cefdinir fitted one compartment open model.The pharmacokinetic parameters of the test preparation vs.the reference preparation were as follows:tmax(3.48?0.53)h vs.(3.60?0.48)h,Cmax(2.10?0.32)mg?L-1 vs.(2.15?0.26)mg?L-1.t1/2ke(2.41?0.39)h vs.(2.33?0.41)h,AUC0～12(9.51?1.65)mg?h?L-1 vs.(10.05?1.72)mg?h?L-1,AUC0～∞(10.43?1.62)mg?h?L-1 vs.(11.01?1.81)mg?h?L-1,respectively.The relative bioavailability of cefdinir dispersible tablet as against its reference preparation was(96.03?14.89)%.CONCLUSION:The two preparations of cefdinir were proved to be bioequivalent.

Objective:To investigate the expression of multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene and multidrug resistance-associated pro-tein (MRP) gene in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its relation to histopathological type. Methods:The MDRi and MRP genes were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 48 NSCLCspecimens. Results:The positive rates of the MDR1 and MRP gene expression were 62.5％ and 66.7％ respectively in the48 patients. Twenty-one of the 48 NSCLCs (43.8％) expressed both MDR1 and MRP genes. The positive rates of the MRPgene expression in squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than those in adenocarcinoma (P＜0.01), and therewas no significant difference in MDR1 gene expression between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion: The MDR1 andMRP gene expressions were both or respectively in the NSCLCs. The incidence of the MRP gene expression in squamous cellcarcinoma was higher than that in adenocarcinoma.

Objective To determine the changes in interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-1?(IL-1?) mRNA expressions in alveolar macrophages during isoflurane anesthesia. Methods Twenty-four ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ male patients undergoing partial hepatectomy were randomly divided into two groups: group Ⅰ isoflurane; group Ⅱ general combined with epidural anesthesia. The age ranged from 43 to 67 years and body weight from 50 to 74kg. The patients were unpremedicated. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol infusion (4-6mg? kg-1?h-1 ) fentanyl and vecuronium in both groups. In addition 1% isoflurane was inhaled in group I and continuous epidural anesthesia with a mixture of 1 % lidocaine + 0.2% poutocaine (5ml/h) was performed in groupⅡ . ECG, SpO2, BP and HR were continuously monitored during anesthesia. Alveolar macrophages were harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage immediately and 4h after induction of anesthesia. RNA was extracted from harvested cells and cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription. Expressions of IL-8 and IL-1? were measured by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction using ?-actin as an internal standard. Results Gene expression of IL-8 and IL-1? in alveolar macrophages increased significantly at 4h after induction of anesthesia. The increase was greater in group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ( P

Objective To investigate the occurrence of p16 gene methylation in the population chronically exposed to arsenic in Inner Mongolia,and to study the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis associated with arsenic exposure.Methods The study group was composed of 40 cases of typical arseniasis selected from the epidemic area,and the two control groups consisting respectively of 40 non-arseniasis cases selected from the same epidemic area,and 40 healthy persons enrolled from non-epidemic area.Methylation of p16 gene in the blood specimens were analyzed for all the subjects with MS-PCR techniques,and statistical analysis was performed using chi square test.Results The positive rates of p16 hypermethylation in blood specimens were 65.0%,47.5% and 20.0% respectively in study group and two control groups,and the rate of hypermethylation increased with the increase in arsenic exposure with drinking water in epidemic areas.The positive rate of p16 hypermethylation showed significant differences(P

Objective:To compare the immunizing efficiency in mice with recombinant adenovirus inoculated by intranasal, intramuscular or oral routes.Methods:BALB/c mice were immunized with 108 PFU recombinant adenovirus expressing rotavirus VP4 antigen intranasally, intramuscularly or orally.The mice were boosted twice with the same dose by the same route. Serum, stool and intestine specimens were collected to detect rotavirus VP4 specific antibodies by ELISA. Mice were mock treated with adenoviral vector and PBS as the blank control.Results:Inoculation with the recombinant adenovirus by these 3 routes elicted rotavirus VP4 specific serum and intestinal antibodies(P

Objective To investigate the applicative value of micro-surgery in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms.Methods During January 2011 to January 2013 in our hospital,90 patients with cerebral aneurysm were randomly divided into the endovascular group and the microsurgical clipping group (n =45 each).The endovascular group were treated with endovascular interventional treatment,and the patients of the microsurgical clipping group were treated with microsurgical clipping treatment.The aneurysm occlusion rate and recurrence,time of hospital stay,complications and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results The complete occlusion rate was higher [97.8％ (44/45) vs.88.9％ (40/45) and the recurrence rate was lower 2.2％ (1/45) vs.13.3％(6/45) in microsurgical clipping group than in endovascular intervention group x2 =4.34 and 3.54,P=0.031 and 0.042),all P＜0.o5.The average time of hospital stay was longer in the endovascular intervention group than in the microsurgical clipping group [(19.3 4.4) days vs.(16.34.9) days,t 1.93,P=0.035].The good rate was higher in microsurgical clipping group than in endovascular intervention group [91.1％ (41/45) vs.77.8％ (35/45),x2=6.325,P=0.012].Conclusions Microsurgical clipping surgery can significantly raise the complete occlusion of cerebral aneurysms,reduce recurrence in patients with cerebral aneurysm,decrease the hospitalization time,and improve prognosis,which is worthy of clinical application.