Objective To explore whether portal vein injection of small interfering RNA(siRNA) targeting connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) could inhibit CTGF expression in rats liver in vivo and prevent rats hepatic fibrosis. Methods Twenty four male rats were equaly divided into four groups. Rats received subcutaneous injection of 40% CCl4 (3 ml/kg) together with portal vein injection of saline every three days for 6 consecutive weeks were served as model group; CCl4 together with portal vein delivery of siRNA (0.1 mg/kg) as preventive group; CCl4 for 2 weeks followed by CCl4 and CTGF siRNA for more than 4 weeks as curative group, and only intraportal injection of saline as control group. Portal vein pressure in all rats at 3 days after the last CCl4 injection were measured, and blood and hepatic tissue from rats were harvested. Serum concentration of transaminases, hyaluronic acid(HA) and procollagen type Ⅲ (PⅢNP) were measured. Expression of CTGF mRNA and protein in rats liver was evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Inflammation and fibrosis in rats liver was analyzed by H-E and Sirius red collagen staining. The fibrotic area was measured quantitatively by a computer-aided manipulator. Results Compared with model group, the expression of CTGF mRNA and protein in liver in both preventive and curative groups were markedly down-regulated. Inflammation, necrosis and fibrosis in hepatic tissue was significantly attenuated. In addition, the serum concentration of transaminases, HA and PⅢNP were greatly reduced. The fibrotic areas in preventive, curative and model groups were 5.8%?0.8%, 7.2%?0.9% and 12.3%?0.8%,respectively (P

Biosurfactant is a high surface active agent synthesized by microorganism Compared with chemical surfactant, biosurfactant has a low toxicity to ecological system of Earth So biosurfactant is gradually applied to many aspects of environmental pollution control A review is made from several aspects: screening of biosurfactant producing microorganism, optimization of culture brooth, isolation of biosurfactant et al In addition, on the foundation of the analysis, several suggestions about the development of biosurfactant are proposed in the end

Objective To investigate the effects of BKCa channel on electrophysiology excitatory regulation in MVN neuron following hypoxia and to reveal its molecular mechanism.Methods C57BL/6 mices were performed MVNs hypoxia mice model,and randomly allowed to normal oxgen group and hypoxia group.The hypoxia group, according to the application of NS1 6 1 9 ,was further divided into the no NS1 6 1 9 pretreatment group and NS1 6 1 9 pre-treatment group.Using the patch clamp experiment technology,we recorded the effects of the MVN abnormal neu-ronal firing and the change of the BKCa currents.Using immunohistochemical technique,the changes of BKCa in the hypoxic MVNs detected were.Results Acute hypoxia increased neuronal activities.NS1619 pretreatment de-creased hypoxia-induced firing rate,and increased and postponed the maximum increase by hypoxia(P<0.05),al-so alleviated 10-min-hypoxia-induced depolarization(P<0.05).Perfusion with hypoxic significantly reduced the BKCa positive neurons(P<0.05).Conclusion These findings suggest that acute hypoxia increases neuronal activi-ties.The decreased MVN BKCa channels contribute to hypoxia-induced abnormal neuronal activities.

Objective To investigate the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the immune function of natural killer (NK) cells.Methods Healthy human peripheral blood-derived NK cells were cultured alone,or co-cultured with plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) (NK∶ pDC=5∶1) for 48 h with or without HepG 2.2.15-derived HBV.Cell activation was assessed by flow cytometry.The specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) were used to determine the cytokine production,the cytotoxic effect of NK cells on the carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labelled K562 target cells as well as the granzyme and perforin levels in NK cells.Paired results were analysed using Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results HBV did not affect interleukin (IL)-12/IL-18 and IL-18/interferon α (IFNα)-induced interferon γ (IFNγ) production by NK cells when NK cells were cultured alone (both P＞0.05).However,HBV significantly inhibited pDC-induced IFNγ production by NK cells (146.1 pg/mL),while CpG enhanced pDC-induced IFNγ production by NK cells significantly (1135.4 pg/mL,P=0.0005).HBV did not affect pDC-induced NK cell activation and cytotoxicity to K562 target cells as well as intracellular granzyme and perforin levels.ConclusionHBV does not activate but inhibits pDC-induced NK cell function,which may contribute to the persistence of HBV infection.

Objective To evaluate the response of the lung tumor xenografts in nude mice to antiangiogenic treatment from perspectives of anatomic,vessel function,cellular and molecular level using the multimodality imaging techniques including optical imaging,dynamic contrast enhanced MRI(DCE-MRI)and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI).Methods The green fluorescent protein(GFP)was transplanted labeled using GFP-expressing NCI-H460 cells.After the transfection of GFP,NCI-H460 cells were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice.Ten days after implantion,12 nude mice whose tumor xenografts grew to 0.5-1.0 cm in the maximum diameter were randomly divided into 2 groups,and injected with phosphate-buffered saline and recombinant human endostatin respectively.Then the nude mice in the two groups underwent optical imaging,DCE-MRI and DWI.The volumes,photon counts,the quantitative MR vessel functional parameters including volume transfer constant(Ktrans),rate constant(Kep),volume of extravascular extracellular space(Ve)and maximum area under the enhancement curve(iAUC),and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values of the tumors were recorded.Then tumors were collected and observed using the transmission electron microscopy and pathology examination,including HE staining,microvessel density(MVD)and the expressions of vascular endothelial cell growth factor(VEGF).The Kep and VEGF expressions in experimental group and control group were compared with x2 text,and other values were compared with t test.The Pearson and Spearman test were used for analyzing the correlation of values in the two groups.Results Seven days after inoculation,the fluorescence signals were detected and grew with the growth of the tumors.On the 7 day after starting therapy,the photon counts of experimental group and control group were(2.51 ± 2.43)× 1010(photon/sec)and(5.77 ± 3.25)× 1010(photon/sec),respectively with no significant differences(t =1.964,P ＞0.05).Two sample t test showed that the tumor volumes in experimental group were smaller than those in control group[(365 ± 56)vs(987 ± 265)mm3,t =0.001,P ＜ 0.01].There was a positive correlation(r =0.673,P ＜ 0.05)between the photon counts and the volumes of the tumors.The mean Ktrans,Kep,Ve and iAUC of experimental group were:(0.055 ±0.012)min-1,0.335(0.184—0.894)min-1,0.297 ± 0.041 and 7.334 ± 3.930,and those for control group were:(0.117 ± 0.027)rin-1,0.417(0.324-1.736)min-1,0.326:±:0.062 and 13.280 ± 4.245.There were significant differences of Krans and iAUC(t =5.155,2.518,P ＜ 0.05)between experimental group and control group.And there was a positive correlation(r =0.715,P ＜ 0.0 1)between the values of iAUC and MVD,but not the expressions of VEGF(r =0.484,P ＞ 0.05).The values of ADC in experimental group were higher than that in control group[(791 ± 38)× 10-6 vs(737 ± 43)×10-6 mm2/s],and there were significant differences(t =-2.299,P ＜ 0.05).Two sample t test showed that the MVD in experimental group were lower than that in control group[(11.9 ± 4.8)vs(19.2 ±4.3)item/hpf,t =2.774,P ＜ 0.05].The VEGF expressions in experimental group were lower than that in control group(x2 =4.000,P ＞ 0.05).It was observed that some cells in experimental group had degenerated and apoptotic signs by the electron microscopy.Conclusions Evaluating the response of lung tumor xenografts to antiangiogenic treatment at anatomical,vessel functional,cellular and molecular level using the multimedality imagings is applicable.And it will be in favour of evaluating the therapeutic effect promptly.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of MDA, NO, SOD and pathologic changes of the lung and kidneyduring repefusion after haemorrhagic shock in rabbits, and to study the protective effects of edaravone during thecourse.Method Totally 29 beparinized (3 mg/kg) rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:tho sham-operatedcontrol group (group C, n = 7), the haemorrhagic shock group (group I/R, n = 10), and the haemorrhagicshock group with edaravone infusion (group I/R-edaravone, n = 12). Rabbits in the latter two groups were bledfrom left arteria cmralis in 10 minutes with MAP maintained at 40 mmHg for 60 minutes, and then group I/R-edar-avone was given edaravone intravenously. After that, resuscitation began:all blood loss was replaced with normalsaline within 60 minutes with MAP at the end ≥ 70% MAP before haemorrhagic shock. Edaravone was reinjectedat 10 hours after shock.All rabbits were killed at 20 h after reperfusion.Plasma nitric oxide(NO), malonyldialde-hyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in every group were measured before shock,60 minutes after shockaad 1 h, 5 h and 20 h after reperfusien. Part of the right lung and the right kidney tissues were taken from everyrabbit for pathologic examnation after sacrifice.Results There was no significant difference in MDA,NO aad SOD among three groups before shock. A higherlevel of MDA (5.35±0.29 μmol/L), NO(27.75 ±2.88 μmol/L)and lower serum concentration of SOD(194.58±14.42U/ml)could be found in group I/R during haemorrhagic shock,as compared to group C(4.44±0.59 μmol/L,25.01±4.95μmol/L,210.86±24.54U/ml,respectively,P<0.01).At 20 hours after resuscitation,MDA and NO contents continued to increase(5.69±0.24 μmol/L and 28.01±3.10 μmol/L respectively,P<0.05)while SOD contents kept decreasing(151.83±9.36 U/ml,P<0.05)in group I/R.Comparing to group I/R,group I/R-edaravone had significant lower level of MDA(3.48±0.23 μmol/L,P<0.01)and higher concentration of SOD(195.10±11.87U/ml,P<0.01).Edaravone attenuated the pathologic changes in the lung and kidney.Conclusions Edaravone could effectively protect vital organs from reperfusion injury caused by free radicals following haemorrhagic shock by reducing plasma levels of MDA,NO and increasing levels of SOD.

Objective To preliminarily develop a scale to measure the proactive socialization behavior of new nurses and test validity and reliability of the scale, to explore the impact of proactive socialization behavior on turnover intention. Methods Using a questionnaire survey method to investigate 696 new nurses who had worked within three years in nursing organization, structural equation model and hierarchical line regression methods were performed to analyze the data. Results Proactive socialization behavior scale included eight items under one dimension;the consistency coefficient of scale was 0.858;new scale had a good convergent and predictive validity;the proactive socialization behavior of new nurses was significantly negative related to turnover intention (β=-0.236,P<0.01). Conclusions The proactive socialization behavior scale has a good reliability, convergent and predictive validity. Meanwhile, new nurses with higher level of proactive socialization behavior have lower turnover intention. Because they can quickly fit the new environment, role definition and organizational culture, which in turn organization embeddedness is promoted.

Objective: To explore the impact of weight management and related medication intervention based on body weight changes on cardiac function among patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: Using prospective, randomized, controlled study methods, consecutive CHF patients, who hospitalized in our department from June 2014 to June 2016 (n=350), were randomly divided into intervention group (n=175) and control group (n=175). Patients in the intervention group received weight management guidance and the post discharge diuretic drugs regimen was adjusted based on body weight changes. The control group received routine medical care post discharge. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), B type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP), 6 minutes walk distance and NYHA classification at one day before discharge and after 6 months were compared between the two groups respectively. Results: Follow-up visit data were not available from 6 patients in the control and intervention group respectively. NYHA classification, LVEF, NT-proBNP and 6 minutes walk distance were similar between the two groups at one day before discharge (all P>0.05). After 6 months, the LVEF and 6 minutes walk distance were significantly higher while NT-proBNP level was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (all P<0.01). Meanwhile, the LVEF and 6 minutes walk distance were significantly increased, while NT-proBNP was significantly reduced at 6 months post discharge compared to one day before discharge in the intervention group (all P<0.01). The LVEF was also significantly improved (P=0.035), but the NT-proBNP and 6 minutes walk distance were similar (P were 0.328 and 0.807 respectively) at 6 months after discharge compared to one day before discharge in the control group. The NYHA classification was significantly lower in intervention group and in control group at 6 months after discharge compared to one day before discharge (Z=5.154, P<0.01 and Z=10.497, P<0.01), and the NYHA classification improved more in the intervention group than in control group at 6 months after discharge (Z=9.235, P<0.01). The re-hospitalization rate of CHF patients in intervention group was 11.83% (20/169), which was significantly lower than the control group (33.14% (56/169), χ²=21.99, P<0.01). At 6 months follow up, body weight remained unchanged in the intervention group, while body weight tended to be higher in the control group compared to one day before discharge. Conclusion The weight management and diuretic drug regimen adjudgment intervention based on body weight changes can improve cardiac function and reduced re-hospitalization rate in CHF patients.

Objective:The study aimed to study the efficacy and safety of combined dual therapy using anti-programmed death (PD)-1 and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with combined triple therapy using anti-PD-1, TKI and locoregional intervention triple therapy in patients with postoperative refractory recurrent liver cancer.Methods:Patients with postoperative refractory recurrent liver cancer who had undergone either anti-PD-1 and TKI dual therapy or anti-PD-1, TKI and locoregional intervention triple therapy between July 2016 and March 2019 at the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital were retrospectively studied. Tumor responses were assessed by the modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors and overall survival and progression free survival were compared. Adverse events were evaluated according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events.Results:Of 63 patients who were included in this study, there were 25 patients in the dual therapy group (16 males and 9 females, aged 54.3±8.8 years) and 38 patients in the triple therapy group (31 males and 7 females, aged 55.5±8.4 years). The 1-year survival rate of the triple therapy group was significantly higher than the dual therapy group (94.5%vs 54.9%) ( P<0.01). The disease control rate was 64.0% (16/25) in the dual therapy group and 84.2% (32/38) in the triple therapy group, and the difference was not significant ( P>0.05). The incidence of treatment-related adverse events in the triple therapy group and the dual therapy group were 78.9% (30/38) and 80% (20/25), respectively. There was no treatment-related death in the 2 groups. Conclusions:Anti-PD-1 and TKI dual therapy and anti-PD-1, TKI and locoregional intervention triple therapy were effective and tolerable treatments for postoperative refractory recurrent liver cancer. The latter treatment had a significantly better clinical benefit on survival outcomes.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical effect of Conbercept combined with vitrectomy in the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)after choroidal detachment.

METHODS: From January 2015 to January 2018, 66 eyes of 64 patients with PVR were treated in our hospital. All the patients were randomly divided into control group(32 cases, 34 eyes)and observation group(32 cases, 32 eyes). The control group was treated with routine vitreoretinal surgery. The observation group was treated with routine vitreoretinal surgery combined with intravitreal injection of conbercept. The clinical efficacy, operative duration, intraoperative bleeding, incidence of iatrogenic holes and the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), subfoveal choroidal thickness before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: After 3-6mo follow-up, the total effective rate in the observation group(94%)was significantly higher than that in the control group(74%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The duration of operation in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group, and the incidence of intraoperative hemorrhage and iatrogenic hiatus were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in serum VEGF level and bFGF content between the two groups(P>0.05). After treatment, the above indexes were lower than those before treatment. The levels of serum VEGF and bFGF in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the thickness of subfoveal choroid and BCVA between the two groups(P>0.05). The BCVA of the two groups was significantly higher than that before treatment. The thickness of subfoveal choroid in the observation group was significantly lower than that before surgery(P<0.05), and the thickness of the subfoveal choroid in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy combined with intravitreal injection of conbercept in the treatment of PVR after choroidal detachment has a good effect. It can effectively shorten the operation time, reduce the incidence of intraoperative hemorrhage and iatrogenic hole, and reduce the level of serum VEGF and bFGF content. Improve the visual acuity and reduce the thickness of choroid.