Polymerase chain reaction possesses very important academic and application meanings to study the ways and technologies of improving the efficiency of PCR based on nanomaterials.In this review, recent appli cation status of nanomaterials on PCR was summarized with 41 references Particularly, the developing trends and prospects in the future were also discussed.

Objective To quantitatively analyze brucellar spondylitis, tuberculous spondylitis and spinal metastatic tumors by dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI, and to evaluate the quantitative DCE-MRI in the differential diagnosis of brucellar spondylitis, tuberculous spondylitis and spinal metastatic tumors. Methods This was a retrospective study including 30 patients with brucellar spondylitis, 30 with tuberculous spondylitis, and 30 with spinal metastatic tumors. The clinical and demographic data were collected. All patients received routine MRI and DCE-MRI examinations. Volume transfer constant(Ktrans), rate constant(Kep), extravascular extracellular volume fraction(Ve) and plasma volume fraction(Vp) of diseased vertebral bodies of the patients with brucellar spondylitis, tuberculous spondylitis and spinal metastatic tumors were measured on perfusion parameter maps. All indexes showed non-normal distribution. Differences of all indexes were compared and analyzed statistically with rank-sum test among the above diseases. Results For brucellosis spondylitis, spinal tuberculosis, and vertebrae metastasis, the values of Ktrans were(0.716 ± 0.017),(0.316 ± 0.004),(0.986 ± 0.012)min-1, the values of Kep were(1.326 ± 0.018), (0.747 ± 0.005),(2.899 ± 0.054)min-1, the values of Ve were 0.541 ± 0.011, 0.427 ± 0.017, 0.338 ± 0.007 and the values of Vp were 0.034 ± 0.003, 0.029 ± 0.003, 0.049 ± 0.007. The differences suggested statistical significance(H=50.24, 52.49, 48.31, 46.54, P<0.01) among the three diseases. Conclusion DCE-MRI quantitative analysis is helpful in the differential diagnosis of brucellar spondylitis, tuberculous spondylitis and spinal metastatic tumors.

Objective To explore the value of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE).MRI in the early diagnosis of brucellosis spondylitis.Methods Fifty-six patients (24 female and 32 male) with Brucellosis with average age of (49± 3)years were retrospectively analyzed.Inclusion criteria:The patients with clinically diagnosed brinell coli spondylitis,drops of serum agglutination test degree 1:100＞(++),Hu＞red plate agglutination test (+ +),enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect specific antibody IgG/IgM (+).Exclusion criteria:Pregnant and lactating women,patients with MRI examination contraindications and spinal tuberculosis,myeloma or other spinal disease,patients with the cervical,thoracic and lumbar 5 vertebral body involvement.The patients were classified into early lesion group and lesion group.Early lesion group was defined as low back pain less than a month,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay positive IgM and negative IgG results,and no abnormality in conventional MR imaging,while lesion group was defined as low back pain for longer than 3 months,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay positive IgG and negative IgM and marked lesion in conventional MR imaging.All the patients conducted with conventional MRI and DCE-MRI scan.The differences of the Ktrans,Kep,Ve and Vp between the vertebral lesions,early lesions of vertebral body and normal tissues were measured and compared.Results The values of Ktrans,Kep,Ve and Vp were significantly different between the vertebral lesions [(0.856±0.539) ml/min,(1.482±0.711) ml/min,0.542±0.267,0.034±0.017] and normal tissues [(0.315±0.298) ml/min,(0.713±0.548) ml/min,0.358±0.259,0.056±0.03](all P＜0.05).The values of Ktrans,Kep and Vp were significantly different between the early lesions of vertebral body and normal tissues (all P＜0.05),while no difference was found for Ve between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion DCE-MRI quantitative analysis plays a role in the early diagnosis of the brucella spondylitis.

Objective To investigate the anatomy characteristics of saphenous artery(SA) and its perforator vessels in mini pig,and to provide a new perforator flap animal model.Methods Between May,2018 and August,2018,6 7-months-old mini pigs weight 25 kilograms were sacrificed by blooding under general anesthesia.The bilateral external iliac arteries were injected with a mixture of latex-lead oxide mixture and underwent CT-scanning to provide 3-dimensional reconstruction.The origin,diameter,courses and distribution of the SA and perforators of both hind limbs were observed.Results One of the hind limbs was abandoned due to the leakage of perfusion fluid.The other 11 hind limbs were available.The femoral artery passed through the medial femoral muscle and sartorius muscle in the middle of thigh,and run between the medial femoral muscle and gracilis muscle above the knee.Below the knee,it run on the surface of the medial leg muscles.A number of small branches were distributed in the tarsal joint and calcaneus at the medial malleolus,and there were abundant communicating branches with the posterior tibial artery.The average length of SA was (14.86±0.76) mm.The outer diameters of SA at initiative,medial tibial condyle and medial malleolus were(1.73±0.15) mm,(1.50±0.12) mm and (1.30±0.13) mm,respectively.There were a total of 79 perforators which were identified,with a mean of (7.09±1.16) perforators per hind limbs.And the average outer diameter was 0.10-0.78 (0.40±0.13) mm.Conclusion The SA constantly exist with good outer diameter.The number of perforator is abundant.SA can be used as a reliable animal model for studying and training of perforator flap.

A Cleanert Alumina-N-SPE column (0.5 g/6 mL) chromatograpy with 5 mL of chloroform-methanol (7: 3) as eluent, instead of aluminum oxide column (100-200 mesh, 5 g, 1 cm) chromatograpy eluted successively with chloroform and the chloroform-methanol (7:3) (20 mL each), was applied to enrich matrine and oxymatrine in Sophora flavescens. Also, the optimization of the HPLC determination conditions with acetonitrile-ethanol absolute-3% phosphoric acid solution (84: 6: 10) as mobile phase, instead of acetonitrile-ethanol absolute -3% Phosphoric acid solution (80: 10: 10) recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 Edition, was more suitable for determination of matrine and oxymatrine in S. flavescens. This method has advantage of reducing sample handling time and solvent volume and increasing the accuracy and feasibility, which can simplify the procedure for determination of matrine and oxymatrine in S. flavescens.
Alkaloids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Quinolizines ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Solid Phase Extraction ; methods ; Sophora ; chemistry