BACKGROUND:Orthotopic lung transplantation model in a rat is the key to investigate the chronic rejection after lung transplantation. However, the precise surgical technique and difficult operation limit the application of the model. OBJECTIVE:To improve the process of anesthesia and lung transplantation, and to establish a rapid, safe and reversible rat lung transplantation model. METHODS:A total of 42 rats were used to establish the model, including 21 donor models and 21 receptor models. The donor lung was excised by median sternotomy with dissection of the left lung and implantation of cuffs (intravenous catheters cut into 1.5 mm sections). The left lung was implanted in the recipient by lateral thoracotomy using the cuffs for anastomoses. The duration of surgery and success rate of transplantation were recorded and calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The survival rate of rats after lung transplantation was 100%. The time of left donor lung extraction was (35.3±5.1) minutes in average. The time of placing cuff in donor lung was (12.5±4.6) minutes in average. The surgical procedure time of recipient was (50.2±3.3) minutes. The time of arteriovenous and bronchus casing anastomosis was (27.7±6.2) minutes. After pulmonary artery and vein blood flow was disparked, the whole lung turned red rapidly, blood perfusion was sufficient, venous returned unimpeded;after mechanical ventilation resumed, al graft lungs expanded wel . This improved anesthesia and lung transplantation technique in rats can provide a valid, reliable and reproducible animal model for studying immune responses and rejection in lung transplantation.

Objective:To investigate the short-term efficacy of thoracoscopic radical surgery in the treatment of esophageal cancer and its influence on the expression of trigger receptor-1 (TRE-1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1).Methods:A total of 68 patients with esophageal cancer who were admitted to First People′s Hospital of Ningyang from June 2016 to June 2019 were selected and divided into thoracoscope radical surgery group and raditional surgery group by stratified sampling method, with 34 cases in each group. The thoracoscopic radical surgery group was treated with thoracoscopic radical surgery, and the traditional surgery group was treated with traditional open radical esophageal cancer surgery with neck, chest, and abdominal incisions. The levels of inflammatory factors, immune function, lung function indexes, TREM-1, TRAP1 expression and complications of the two groups were observed and compared.Results:Before operation, the levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 in two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05). At 2 d after operation, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 in two groups were increased and the levels of above index in the thoracoscopic radical surgery group were lower than those in the traditional surgery group: (23.21 ± 0.32) mg/L vs. (29.69 ± 0.48) mg/L, (232.15 ± 23.64) ng/L vs. (246.73 ± 25.89) ng/L, (0.64 ± 0.19) ng/L vs. (0.89 ± 0.21) ng/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Before operation, the levels of CD 3+, CD 4+, CD 8+, and CD 4+/CD 8+ in two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05). At 2 d after operation, the levels of CD 3+, CD 4+, CD 8+ decreased and the level of CD 4+/CD 8+ increased, and the levels of CD 3+, CD 4+, CD 8+, CD 4+/CD 8+ in the thoracoscopic radical surgery group were higher than those in the traditional surgery group: (46.78 ± 1a2.43)% vs. (41.32 ± 9.36)%, (46.12 ± 9.68)% vs. (41.59 ± 7.98)%, (27.42 ± 4.27)% vs. (21.38 ± 3.16)%, 1.47 ± 0.46 vs. 1.25 ± 0.27, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Before operation, the levels of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV 1/FVC in two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05). At 2 day after operation, the levels of FEV 1, FVC, FEV 1/FVC in two groups decreased, and the levels of FEV 1, FVC, FEV 1/FVC in the thoracoscopic radical surgery group were higher than those in the traditional surgery group: (2.37 ± 0.72) L vs. (1.82 ± 0.53) L, (3.34 ± 1.06) L vs. (2.43 ± 0.82) L, (62.47 ± 15.26)% vs. (53.67 ± 12.28)%, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05).Before operation, the expression of TREM-1 and TRAP1 in two groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05). At 2 d after operation, the expression of TREM-1in the thoracoscopic radical surgery group was higher than that of traditional surgery group: (141.56 ± 34.69 vs. 121.54 ± 22.75); the expression of TRAP1 was lower than that of the traditional surgery group: (1.63 ± 0.51 vs. 2.11 ± 0.64), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The postoperative complication rate of the thoracoscopic radical surgery group was lower than that of the traditional surgery group:5.88%(2/34) vs. 23.53%(8/34), and there was statistical difference ( χ2=4.221, P=0.040). Conclusions:The short-term efficacy of thoracoscopic radical surgery in the treatment of esophageal cancer is better than that of the traditional surgery group, which can increase the expression of TREM-1, reduce the expression of TRAP1, and reduce the inflammatory response and the impact on the immune function.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of blood vessel invasion in stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods A retrospective analysis of 166 patients with stage Ⅰ NSCLC who underwent surgical resection and pathological diagnosis from January 2016 to March 2018 in China-Japan Friendship Hospital was conducted.The presence of blood vessel invasion in tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.Clinicopathological factors which may affect blood vessel invasion were evaluated by univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis.For statistically significant factors revealed by multivariate analysis,the diagnostic efficiency and best cut-off point were calculated by the receiver operating characteristic curve.Results The univariate analysis identified that the smoking history (P =0.020),maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) (P =0.001),tumor diameter (P =0.001),TNM stage (P =0.002),and lymphatic invasion (P =0.023) were factors affecting blood vessel invasion status.Multivariate analysis showed that SUVmax was an independent risk factor for blood vessel invasion (OR =1.097,95 ％ CI 1.014-1.187,P =0.021).The preoperative SUVmax of primary tumor was a predictor for blood vessel invasion with the highest diagnostic accuracy at a cut-off value of 4.85,the sensitivity and specificity were 66.0 ％ and 71.7 ％,respectively.Conclusion The SUVmax is an independent predictor for blood vessel invasion in stage Ⅰ NSCLC,and the risk of blood vessel invasion rises with the increase of SUVmax.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of 18F-FDG PET-CT in the conversion from thoracoscopic lobectomy to thoracotomy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods:The clinical data, CT and PET-CT images of 193 patients with primary NSCLC undergoing thoracoscopic surgery from January 2014 to June 2021 at China-Japan Friendship Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into 45 cases who were converted to thoracotomy (the conversional group) and 148 cases who were not converted to thoracotomy (the non-conversional group). Univariate analysis was performed on clinicopathological characteristics and image parameters. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the conversion to thoracotomy. Taking the final conversion to thoracotomy or not as the gold standard, the predictive effect of variables in the conversion to thoracotomy was analyzed through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Delong test was used to compare the area under the curve (AUC) predicted by all variables.Results:In the conversional group, the proportion of peribronchial lymph node (PLN), peribronchial cuffs of soft (PCS), pleural calcification, pulmonary nodule calcification, PLN or PCS calcification or increased density on chest CT was higher than that in the non-conversional group (all P<0.05); and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) of PET in the conversional group was higher compared with that in the non-conversional group ( P<0.001). Univariate logistic regression analysis suggested age ( OR = 4.663,95% CI 2.191- 9.923, P < 0.001) and PLN or PCS density of chest CT scan ( OR = 2.824, 95% CI 1.791-7.303, P < 0.001) were independent influencing factors of the conversion from thoracoscopic lobectomy to thoracotomy. ROC analysis showed that the effect of the conversion to thoracotomy predicted by the combination of 18F-FDG PET and chest CT [AUC = 0.891 (95% CI 0.831-0.951); the optimal cut-off value of SUV max and CT was 3.45, 70 Hu: the sensitivity was 84.4%, the specificity was 83.8%] was better than that by chest CT alone [AUC = 0.678 (95% CI 0.591-0.766); the optimal cut-off value of CT was 70 Hu: the sensitivity was 62.2%, the specificity was 62.8%; P < 0.001] and by age [AUC = 0.625 (95% CI 0.532-0.719); the optimal cut-off value was 65.5 years: the sensitivity was 75.6%, the specificity was 60.1%; P < 0.001]. Conclusions:PLN or PCS density on chest scan and age are valuable in predicting the conversion from thoracoscopic lobectomy to thoracotomy for NSCLC patients. The combination of PET and CT has an additional role in predicting the conversion to thoracotomy during thoracoscopic lobectomy.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the prognostic impact of preoperative (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT on postoperative recurrence in patients with completely resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSThe clinic data of 182 patients with stage I NSCLC who underwent (18)F-FDG PET-CT scan before surgical resection between June 2005 and June 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 121 male and 61 female patients, with an average age of 68 years (range from 34 to 85 years). The pathological stage was I A in 98 patients, I B in 84 patients; the histology were adenocarcinoma in 137 patients, squamous cell carcinoma in 35 patients, and others in 10 patients. Clinicopathological factors including gender, age, smoking history, SUV(max), surgical procedure, pathological features and adjuvant chemotherapy were evaluated to identify the independent factors predicting postoperative recurrences by univariate and multivariate analysis. The survivals were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and differences in variables were analyzed by the Log-rank test.

RESULTSThe postoperative recurrence rate was 15.9%. The univariate analysis identified that the SUV(max) (t=3.278, P<0.001), p-stage (χ² =5.204, P=0.026), blood vessel invasion (χ² =5.333, P=0.027) and visceral pleural invasion (χ² =7.697, P=0.009) are factors for predicting postoperative recurrence. Only SUV(max) was found to be a significant independent factor according to multivariate analysis (HR=1.068, 95%CI: 1.015 to 1.123, P=0.001). The study population was stratified into three groups by SUV(max), patients with SUV(max) > 5.0 had significantly higher risk of recurrence (23.9%) than those with 2.5 < SUV(max) ≤ 5.0 (15.0%) and SUV(max) ≤ 2.5 (7.3%) (P=0.043); patients with SUV(max) ≤ 2.5 had significantly better 5-year recurrence-free survival rate (90.9%) than those with 2.5 < SUV(max) ≤ 5.0 (82.7%) and SUV(max) ≤ 2.5 (71.0%) (P=0.030). There was a trend toward higher probability of blood vessel invasion (χ² =20.267, P < 0.001), visceral pleural invasion (χ² =6.185, P=0.045) and pathological stage I B (χ² =13.589, P=0.001) with increased SUV(max).

CONCLUSIONSPreoperative SUV(max) of primary tumor is a predictor of postoperative relapse for stage I NSCLC after surgical resection. Therefore, it can contribute to the risk stratification for patients with the same pathological stage and selecting the optimal postoperative follow-up and therapeutic strategy.

Adenocarcinoma ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; diagnosis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Postoperative Period ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation can improve quality of life of patients who get terminal pulmonary disease and also it can help to get better survival.Now it has become one of the best therapeutic methods for terminal pulmonary disease.However,limited donors leave the development of lung transplantation in dilemma.The emergence of living lobar transplantation and cadeveric lobar transplantation let this procedure much easier.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical probability of bilateral lobar transplantation.METHODS: Sequential bilateral lobar transplantation was performed for one 26 years old cystic fibrosis female.Cardiac pulmonary bypass was used during operation.Anti-rejection(Tacrolimus,mycophenolate,etc)and anti-infection was used postoperatively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The recovery course postoperatively was smooth,and the recipient got out of hospital 7weeks later.Bilateral lobar transplantation could offer satisfied short-term pulmonary function.The long term results should be further evaluated.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, a large number of elective or limited operations, including tumor treatment, have been postponed. With the deepening of the understanding of the virus and the change of the prevention policy, the impact of the pandemic is gradually shrinking, and a large number of operations delayed by the pandemic will be rescheduled. However, there is no consensus on the best time to perform surgery for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, and the consensus on thoracic surgery is more limited. This article reviews the research progress in the timing of surgical operations, especially thoracic surgery, after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are both common diseases in respiratory system and the leading causes of deaths worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the severity of COPD affects long-term survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after surgical resection. METHODS: A retrospective research was performed on 421 consecutive patients who had undergone lobectomy for NSCLC. Classification of COPD severity was based on guidelines of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Characteristics among the three subgroups were compared and recurrence-free survivals were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 172 patients were diagnosed with COPD, 124 as mild (GOLD-1), 46 as moderate(GOLD-2), and 2 as severe (GOLD-3). The frequencies of recurrence were significantly higher in higher COPD grades group (P<0.001). Recurrence-free survival at five years were 78.1%, 70.4%, and 46.4% in Non-COPD, GOLD-1 COPD, and GOLD-2/3 COPD groups, respectively (P<0.001). In univariate analysis, age, gender, smoking history, COPD severity, tumor size, histology and pathological stage were associated with recurrence-free survival. Multivariate analyses showed that older age, male, GOLD-2/3 COPD, and advanced stage were independent risk factors associated with recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSIONS NSCLC patients with COPD are at higher risk for postoperative recurrence, and moderate/severe COPD is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor. The severity of COPD based on pulmonary function test can be a useful indicator to identify patients at high risk for recurrence. Therefore, it can contribute to adequate selection of the appropriate individualized treatment.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; complications ; mortality ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; complications ; mortality ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; complications ; mortality ; physiopathology ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Retrospective Studies