Objective Our purpose was to find out a better way for modern learner to understand the ancient medical book named as Treatise on Febrile Diseases. [Methods] We adopted the way of document research to find out the key points for modern learners. [Results] There were many interchangeable words, ancient and modern words and Nanyang dialect speech in the book. Further more, some drugs had been evolved in a state of flux. [Conclusion] Our conclusion was: To make a better understanding of Treatise on Febrile Diseases, we must put our fingers on the original language and ideas, not just focus on the clauses. And we cannot use contemporary language to explain ancient words;otherwise we would misunderstand the truth.

Objective To investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus reactivation and the level of blood T-lymphocyte subsets.Methods T lymphocyte subsets ( CD3,CD4,CDs ),CD4/CDs level of 40 patients with chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus and 35 patients with hepatitis B virus re-activation were detected by Flow cytometry(Epics XL).Results The hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with CD3,CD4 and CD4/CDs levels were significantly lower than the chronic hepatitis B virus carriers,The difference between the two groups patients was significant[(71.31 ±5.20)％ vs (68.57 ±6.10)％,(37.82 ±4.90)％ vs (32.12 ±5.93)％,(1.37 ±0.28) vs (1.18 ±0.43 ),all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion The levels of CD3,CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly declined,it may be the one important reason of hepatitis B virus reactivation.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of fenofibrate and polyene phosphatidylcholine in treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods 86 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were randomly divided into two groups.45 cases in therapy group received 0.2g of fenofibrate once a day,and the others in control group received 456mg of polyene phosphatidylcholine for three times per day.All of the patients were treated for 12 weeks.Liver function,blood fat,clinical effect and liver B ultrasonic were analyzed before treatment and after 12 weeks.Results The improvement of liver function,blood fat,and liver ultrasonic imaging in therapy group was better than that in the control group.The cure rate was 82.2％ in therapy group and 63.4％ in control group.There was a statistical significance between the two groups ( x2 =3.874,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Fenofibrate had significant therapeutic effect in treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with lower costs and lower side effects.

Objective To approach Professor Zhu Guangli's regular pattern of differentiation of symptoms and signs in patients with hypertension accompanied by complications and in accord with the individual manifestations to add or subtract the ingredients in the prescription.Methods The patients with essential hypertension selected were those who the first time came to the Affiliated Guangxing Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University or Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) of Zhejiang Province from September 2012 to January 2015, and were continuously followed up in the hospitals having their clinical data comprehensive. The complications, combination diseases and symptoms of hypertension were conducted as dependent variables, while the applied Chinese medicines were acted as independent variables. QUEST algorithms were employed to analyze the different dependent variables to evaluate the importance contribution rate (ICR) of every kind of Chinese medicine.Results There were 9 types of complications or combination diseases [including hyperlipemia, coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia, hyperglycemia, trace albuminuria, lacunar cerebral infarction, elevation of creatinine in blood (azotemia), liver dysfunction and cardiac dysfunction] and 39 types of symptoms obtained (including dizziness, palpitation, chest oppression, insomnia, lack of strength, soreness of the waist and knees, dry mouth, loose stool, fatigue, apontaneous sweating, headache, shortness of breath, coprostasis, fullness in the stomach, blurred vision, limb numbness, low spirit, chest pain, poor appetite, abdominal distension, excessive dreaming, tinnitus, flush of the face, neck rigidity, hectic fever, bitterness in the mouth, cough, ructus, nocturia, fremitus, stenagma, pharyngalgia, heaviness in head, nocturnal sweating, frequent urination, coughing of sputum, chillness and cold limbs, aphthous stomatitis and sialosis) being the QUEST decision models. All kinds of the TCM employed in all the patients paying visits for 755 times were summed up, and the individual drug frequency of presentation in the prescription was recorded. In the study, 171 sorts of TCM and 10 620 of cumulative frequency (freq.) were involved in 755 prescriptions. The average sorts of TCM was 14.07±1.53 per prescription. The top ten kinds of TCM the most commonly used (freq.) were as follows: tuckahoe (588), Chinese yam (551), wolfberry fruit (496), white peony root (442), abalone shell (405), gastrodia tuber (395), lilyturf root (325), Huai wheat (293), curcuma root (281), rush pith (277), accounting for 38.16% in the total frequency. There were 33 kinds of TCM with frequency > 100, accounting for 74.65% in the total frequency. By the analyses of QUEST algorithms directing to the complications and combination diseases to add or subtract the items of TCM, it was discovered that the drugs with ICR > 5% were as follows: in lacunar cerebral infarction, the drug application frequencies or ICRs of batryticated silkworm and bitter cardamom were 32.69% and 50.74% respectively; in coronary heart disease, the ICRs of pseudostellaria root, astragalus root, white sandal wood and lepidium seed were 23.05%, 17.70%, 15.31% and 5.06% respectively; in cardiac arrhythmia, the ICRs of astragalus root, flavescent sophora root, Huai wheat and dragon tooth and dragon bone were 46.65%, 11.56%, 7.56%, 7.13% and 6.28% respectively; in cardiac dysfunction, the ICRs of lepidium seed and white hyaciath bean were 92.97% and 7.03%; in hyperlipemia, the ICRs of cassia seed, white sandal wood, dried rehmannia root and sargentgloryvine stem were 24.26%, 12.47%, 10.51% and 5.81% respectively; in hyperglycemia, the ICRs of trichosanthes root and dried hawthorn fruit were 51.02% and 30.18%; in trace albuminuria, the ICR of snow in June herb was 83.33%; in elevation of creatinine in blood, the ICRs of Chinese actinidia root, herb of snow in June, glossy privet fruit and centella were 81.37%, 6.21%, 6.21% and 6.21% respectively; in liver dysfunction, the ICRs of coral ardisia root, purse grass and herb of stringy stonecrop were 86.37%, 6.82% and 6.82% respectively. When the symptoms were used as the dependent variables, for the top 3 commonly seen symptoms, in the prescription, the items of TCM used with ICR > 5% were as follows: in cases with elevation of blood pressure, parasitic loranthus (ICR 89.59%) was used; with dizziness, gastrodia tuber (ICR 46.96%) and/or abalone shell (ICR 33.61%) were added; headache, rhizome of Chinese ligusticum and/or rhizome of Sichuan lovage and/or large gentian with ICR at 85.77%, 7.11% and 7.11% respectively. Conclusion Professor Zhu's essential thought in differentiation of disease and expectant treatment of hypertension in accord with the individual manifestations to add and subtract drugs in TCM is under the guidance of TCM principle of differentiation of symptoms and signs for treatment, and based on the classical theories in TCM, the reliable drugs whose actions are demonstrated clinically and experimentally are preferentially selected.

Objective:To investigate the effects of birth intervals on maternal and infant outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:This retrospective study recruited 445 pregnant women with GDM who received prenatal examinations and delivered in Peking University First Hospital-Ningxia Women Children's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. Based on the birth interval classification standard recommended by WHO and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, these subjects were divided into three groups: shorter group (<18 months, n=69), normal group (18-59 months, n=213) and longer group (≥60 months, n=163). Analysis of variance, Chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. Results:There were statistically significant differences in the maternal age at this and previous pregnancy [(30.6±4.1), (30.8±3.8) vs (32.7±3.7) years; (22.7±2.4), (26.3±2.9) vs (29.9±4.1) years] and the incidence of oligohydramnios [10.1% (7/69), 1.9% (4/213) vs 3.1% (5/163)] and preterm birth [14.5% (10/69), 5.2% (11/213) vs 1.8% (3/163)] between the shorter, normal, and longer groups (all P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors in the present pregnancy, the risks of oligohydramnios, preterm birth, and low birth weight increased in the shorter group [ OR (95% CI): 4.73 (1.75-12.85), 5.54 (1.37-22.42) and 9.54 (3.05-29.82), all P<0.05] and so did the risk of postpartum hemorrhage in the longer group [ OR (95% CI): 4.45 (1.72-11.49), P<0.05]. Conclusions:Both longer and shorter birth intervals can affect maternal and infant outcomes of GDM patients. Postpartum healthcare should be strengthened for GDM patients who desire more children to help them maintain an appropriate birth interval, thus promoting maternal and infant health.

Objective To investigate the incidence and influence factors of chronic complications of inpa-tients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and to provide reference for the comprehensive prevention and treat-ment. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze the occurrence and development of chronic complications of T2DM hospitalized patients in a third-level first-class hospital of Ningxia from January to Decem-ber in 2015.Results All of the 739 T2DM patients,the total incidence of chronic complications was 74.6%.The top five chronic diseases were large vessel disease,renal disease,retinopathy,peripheral vascular disease and neuropathy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of disease(OR = 1.004,95% CI:1.002~1.006)and occupation(taking workers as controls,farmers' OR =3.122,95% CI:1.420~6.861,unem-ployed persons' OR=2.771,95% CI:1.389~5.527)were the independent risk factors of chronic complications of T2DM.Conclusions The total incidence of chronic complications of T2DM is high.We should strengthen the com-prehensive intervention of controllable risk factors for reducing the incidence of complications,decreasing medical costs and enhancing overall quality of life of patients.

Objective To develop Pregnant Women Weight Self-Management Scale and test its reliability and validity.Methods Based on the concepts and theories of self-management,the first draft of the scale was formed through literature analysis,semi-structured interviews,2 rounds of Delphi expert correspondence and pre-surveys.The scale was used to test the reliability and validity of the scale by facilitating the selection of 300 pregnant women who gave birth in April 18-23 2023 at a maternal and child healthcare hospital in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.Results The Pregnant Women Weight Self-Management Scale consisted of 8 dimensions and 38 entries with a cumulative variance contribution of 68.560％.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.944,and each dimension ranged from 0.772 to 0.929.The split-half reliability for the total was 0.858,and each dimension ranged from 0.715 to 0.902.The content validity index at the level of the total scale was 0.921,and at the level of each entry was from 0.833 to 1.000.There was a positive correlation between the dimensions and with the total scale score(r=0.178～0.854,P＜0.001).Conclusion The scale has good reliability and validity,and it can be used as a tool to evaluate the self-management ability of pregnant women.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of GINA regimen and GINA regimen combined with oral Huaiqihuang granule in the treatment of children with bronchial asthma.Methods A ran-domized,single blind,multicenter,parallel controlled clinical trial wascarried out.A total of 1 128 patients with bronchial asthma in children were randomized into two groups.The observation group were treated with GINA regimen combined with oral Huaiqihuang granule.The GINA regimen treatment group was treated by GINA reg-imen.Clinical assessment and C-ACT scores was observed in first month,third month,sixth month after treat-ment.Clinical assessment included the times of upper respiratory tract infection occurrence,bronchitis and pneu-monia,asthmatic attacks,application of emergency medicine,hospitalizations due to asthmatic.Drug adverse effect in the two groups was compared.Results The times of upper respiratory tract infection,bronchitis and pneumonia,asthmatic was significantly decreased(P <0.05 ),and C-ACTscores were significantly higher(P <0.05)in the first month,the third month,and the sixth month after treatment.There were 16 cases of drug relat-ed adverse reactions.Seven cases were in observation group(n ﹦7)(1.15%)and 9 cases in the GINA regimen treatment group(n ﹦9)(1.73%).There was no significant difference of adverse effect between the two groups (P >0.05).Conclusion The treatment of bronchial asthma in children with GINA regimen combined with oral Huaiqihuang granule can significantly reduce the incidence of respiratory infections and the number of asthmatic attacks dramatically and safely improve clinical curative effect,asthma control.

Model informed precision dosing (MIPD) is a new concept to guide precision dosing for individual patient by modeling and simulation based on the available information about the individual patient, medications and the disease. Compared to the empirical dosing, MIPD could improve the efficacy, safety, economics and adherence of the pharmacotherapy according to the individual's pathophysiology, genotyping and disease progression. This consensus report provides a brief account of the concept, methodology and implementation of MIPD as well as clinical decision supporting systems for MIPD. The status and future advancing of MIPD was also discussed to facilitate the appropriate application and development of MIPD in China.

With the increasing cost of drug development and clinical trials, it is of great value to make full use of all kinds of data to improve the efficiency of drug development and to provide valid information for medication guidelines. Model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) combines mathematical models with meta-analysis to integrate information from multiple sources (preclinical and clinical data, etc.) and multiple dimensions (targets/mechanisms, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, diseases/indications, populations, regimens, biomarkers/efficacy/safety, etc.), which not only provides decision-making for all key points of drug development, but also provides effective information for rational drug use and cost-effectiveness analysis. The classical meta-analysis requires high homogeneity of the data, while MBMA can combine and analyze the heterogeneous data of different doses, different time courses, and different populations through modeling, so as to quantify the dose-effect relationship, time-effect relationship, and the relevant impact factors, and thus the efficacy or safety features at the level of dose, time and covariable that have not been involved in previous studies. Although the modeling and simulation methods of MBMA are similar to population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (Pop PK/PD), compared with Pop PK/PD, the advantage of MBMA is that it can make full use of literature data, which not only improves the strength of evidence, but also can answer the questions that have not been proved or can not be answered by a single study. At present, MBMA has become one of the important methods in the strategy of model-informed drug development (MIDD). This paper will focus on the application value, data analysis plan, data acquisition and processing, data analysis and reporting of MBMA, in order to provide reference for the application of MBMA in drug development and clinical practice.