Gouty arthritis （GA） is caused by monosodium urate（MSU） deposition due to purine metabolism disorders. In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， it falls under the category of "dampness-heat Bi syndrome"， with core pathogenesis involving dampness-heat accumulation and dysfunction of the spleen and kidney. The dampness-heat syndrome is the most common and the primary syndrome type during acute attacks. In Western medicine， GA is associated with purine metabolism imbalance and inflammation triggered by MSU crystals， involving pathways such as NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome activation and Toll-like receptor 2/4 （TLR2/4） signaling. Clinically， colchicine and similar drugs are commonly used to treat GA， although long-term use carries potential side effects. Ermiao Formula analogs originate from ancient prescriptions， including Ermiao， Sanmiao， and Simiao compound formulas. All contain Atractylodis Rhizoma and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex. Ermiaowan follow a 1∶1 formulation ratio. Sanmiaowan add Cyathulae Radix. Simiaowan further incorporate Coicis Semen. These formulas are rich in active ingredients， including alkaloids， terpenoids， flavonoids， and sterols， and treat GA through multi-component， multi-pathway， and multi-target mechanisms. Ermiaosan primarily exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pathways such as TLR4/nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） or regulating immune responses to reduce the release of inflammatory mediators， while also suppressing xanthine dehydrogenase （XDH） and xanthine oxidase （XO） activity to decrease uric acid production. Sanmiaowan enhance uric acid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects through the guiding herb Cyathulae Radix， while also protecting cartilage from damage. Simiaowan utilizes Coicis Semen to regulate intestinal flora， alleviate dampness-heat symptoms， and exert multi-pathway anti-inflammatory and uric acid-lowering effects. The active ingredients contribute differently to uric acid metabolism regulation， anti-inflammation， antioxidant activity， and bone repair， resulting in varying therapeutic effects due to differences in formula composition. In summary， formulas derived from Ermiaosan demonstrate significant efficacy in treating dampness-heat type GA. This review summarizes their research progress and mechanisms， providing a reference for clinical application， new drug development， and further studies.

Objective To construct a whole process nursing plan for women with vaginal delivery and to evaluate its effect.Methods On the basis of literature analysis and Delphi expert consultation method,a whole process nursing plan of vaginal delivery was established.From June to September 2023,180 primiparas in a tertiary A hospital in Ningxia were selected as research subjects to carry out the preliminary application of the plan.Among them,the parturients hospitalized from August to September were in the experimental group,and those hospitalized from June to July were in the control group.The experimental group received the whole process nursing plan on the basis of routine nursing,and the control group received routine nursing.The indexes related to delivery outcomes(delivery mode,time of each labor stage,et al),the degree of labor pain,fear of labor and labor experience were compared between the 2 groups.Results The effective recovery rates of the 2 rounds of expert correspondence were 100％and 93.75％,respectively,and the coefficient of expert authority was 0.85.The finally constructed plan included 3 first-level items,10 second-level items and 29 third-level items.86 cases and 85 cases were included in the experimental group and the control group,respectively.After intervention,there were statistically significant differences in each stage of labor between the 2 groups(P＜0.05).There was significant difference in the rate of good and good control of labor pain(x2=16.386,P＜0.001).The childbirth fear questionnaire score(27.76±3.60)of the experimental group was lower than(33.06±3.36)of the control group,and the childbirth experience score(80.83±4.83)was higher than(75.79±3.46)of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).Conclusion The whole process nursing plan of vaginal delivery is scientific and feasible.It can shorten the labor time,relieve labor pain,labor fear and improve labor experience.

Acute lung injury （ALI） is one of the most common and critical diseases in clinical practice， with extremely high morbidity and mortality， seriously threatening human life and health. The pathogenesis of ALI is complex， in which the inflammatory response is a key factor. Studies have shown that NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasomes are involved in ALI through mechanisms such as inflammation induction， increased microvascular permeability， recruitment of neutrophils， oxidative stress， and pyroptosis， playing a key role in the occurrence and progression of ALI. Therefore， regulating NLRP3 inflammasomes and inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors can alleviate the damage in ALI. At present， ALI is mainly treated by mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy， which have problems such as high costs and poor prognosis. In recent years， studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） can reduce the inflammatory response and the occurrence of oxidative stress and pyroptosis by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome， thus alleviating the damage and decreasing the mortality of ALI. Based on the relevant literature in recent years， this article reviews the research progress in TCM treatment of ALI by regulating NLRP3 inflammasomes， discusses how NLRP3 inflammasomes participate in ALI， and summarizes the active ingredients， extracts， and compound prescriptions of TCM that regulate NLRP3 inflammasomes， aiming to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of ALI and the development of relevant drugs.

Innovative drugs are defined as new chemical entities that play a vital role in the treatment and maintenance of human health. While single-target innovative drugs have achieved notable success, they face limitations in addressing the increasingly complex and precise spectra of diseases. The advent of multi-target innovative drugs offers new opportunities, supported by a growing body of pharmacological evidence. Herbal medicines are recognized as valuable sources of multi-target therapeutics due to their proven efficacy in treating complex diseases. However, the identification and validation of such drugs from herbal sources continue to pose significant challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on traditional Chinese medicine, integrated medicine, chemistry, and biology from 2015 to 2025. It summarizes the strategies employed in integrating traditional Chinese and Western medicine for innovative drug development, along with successful application cases. We believe these efforts will deepen understanding of the current landscape, accelerate the discovery of multi-target innovative drugs from herbal medicine, and contribute to addressing major human health challenges.

Objective:To explore the latent profiles of work withdrawal behaviors of junior nurses and their relationship with workplace social capital.Methods:Using the convenience sampling method, from July to August 2023, 348 junior nurses from five Class Ⅲ and seven ClassⅡ public hospitals in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were selected as the research objects. They were investigated with a General Information Questionnaire, the Work Withdrawal Behavior Scale, and the Workplace Social Capital Scale. Latent profile analysis was used to explore the categories of work withdrawal behaviors of junior nurses, and the differences in workplace social capital levels among junior nurses of different categories were compared.Results:A total of 348 questionnaires were recovered online in this survey, and 342 questionnaires were valid, with a valid rate of 98.3%. The work withdrawal behaviors of 342 junior nurses could be divided into three latent profiles, including 246 junior nurses (71.9%) in the low psychological-low behavioral withdrawal group, 81 junior nurses (23.7%) in the high psychological-low behavioral withdrawal group, and 15 junior nurses (4.4%) in the high psychological-high behavioral withdrawal group. The results of the unordered multinomial Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, whether they love nursing work or not, the average number of night shifts per month, the workplace social capital, and working years were the influencing factors of the work withdrawal behaviors of junior nurses ( P<0.05) . There were statistically significant differences in the workplace social capital among the three categories of junior nurses ( H=83.82, P<0.01) . Conclusions:There are three categories of work withdrawal behaviors among junior nurses, and there are differences in workplace social capital among junior nurses of different categories. Nursing managers should intervene and support junior nurses according to the characteristics of different categories to improve their workplace social capital levels.

Objective To construct a whole process nursing plan for women with vaginal delivery and to evaluate its effect.Methods On the basis of literature analysis and Delphi expert consultation method,a whole process nursing plan of vaginal delivery was established.From June to September 2023,180 primiparas in a tertiary A hospital in Ningxia were selected as research subjects to carry out the preliminary application of the plan.Among them,the parturients hospitalized from August to September were in the experimental group,and those hospitalized from June to July were in the control group.The experimental group received the whole process nursing plan on the basis of routine nursing,and the control group received routine nursing.The indexes related to delivery outcomes(delivery mode,time of each labor stage,et al),the degree of labor pain,fear of labor and labor experience were compared between the 2 groups.Results The effective recovery rates of the 2 rounds of expert correspondence were 100％and 93.75％,respectively,and the coefficient of expert authority was 0.85.The finally constructed plan included 3 first-level items,10 second-level items and 29 third-level items.86 cases and 85 cases were included in the experimental group and the control group,respectively.After intervention,there were statistically significant differences in each stage of labor between the 2 groups(P＜0.05).There was significant difference in the rate of good and good control of labor pain(x2=16.386,P＜0.001).The childbirth fear questionnaire score(27.76±3.60)of the experimental group was lower than(33.06±3.36)of the control group,and the childbirth experience score(80.83±4.83)was higher than(75.79±3.46)of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).Conclusion The whole process nursing plan of vaginal delivery is scientific and feasible.It can shorten the labor time,relieve labor pain,labor fear and improve labor experience.

Objective:To explore the latent profiles of work withdrawal behaviors of junior nurses and their relationship with workplace social capital.Methods:Using the convenience sampling method, from July to August 2023, 348 junior nurses from five Class Ⅲ and seven ClassⅡ public hospitals in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were selected as the research objects. They were investigated with a General Information Questionnaire, the Work Withdrawal Behavior Scale, and the Workplace Social Capital Scale. Latent profile analysis was used to explore the categories of work withdrawal behaviors of junior nurses, and the differences in workplace social capital levels among junior nurses of different categories were compared.Results:A total of 348 questionnaires were recovered online in this survey, and 342 questionnaires were valid, with a valid rate of 98.3%. The work withdrawal behaviors of 342 junior nurses could be divided into three latent profiles, including 246 junior nurses (71.9%) in the low psychological-low behavioral withdrawal group, 81 junior nurses (23.7%) in the high psychological-low behavioral withdrawal group, and 15 junior nurses (4.4%) in the high psychological-high behavioral withdrawal group. The results of the unordered multinomial Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, whether they love nursing work or not, the average number of night shifts per month, the workplace social capital, and working years were the influencing factors of the work withdrawal behaviors of junior nurses ( P<0.05) . There were statistically significant differences in the workplace social capital among the three categories of junior nurses ( H=83.82, P<0.01) . Conclusions:There are three categories of work withdrawal behaviors among junior nurses, and there are differences in workplace social capital among junior nurses of different categories. Nursing managers should intervene and support junior nurses according to the characteristics of different categories to improve their workplace social capital levels.

Objective To analyze the predictive value of serum levels of procalcitonin(PCT)and cytokines on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 at admission.Methods From November 2022 to February 2023,patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were admitted to Beijing Chest Hospital were enrolled.Chemiluminescence was used to detect serum PCT levels,and flow microsphere array was used to detect serum cytokines IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12p70,IL-17A,IL-17F,IL-22,TNF-α,TNF-β,IFN-γ level.ICU admission,mechanical ventilation and in-hospital death were defined as poor prognosis.After excluding patients with bacterial infection,the relationship between serum PCT and cytokine levels at admission and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients was analyzed.After excluding patients with bacterial infection,the relationship between serum PCT and cytokine levels at admission and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients was analyzed.Results A total of 176 patients with complete data were included,including 134 in the PCT-normal group and 42 in the PCT-elevated group,with a median age of 71.50 years and 71.59%males.Patients in the PCT elevated-group had significantly higher rates of ICU admission(38.41%vs.13.11%,P<0.05),mechanical ventilation(76.92%vs.24.59%,P<0.001)and in-hospital mortality(38.46%vs.6.56%,P<0.001)were significantly higher than those in the PCT-normal group.Serum levels of cytokines IL-6(7.40 pg/mL vs.4.78 pg/mL,P = 0.033 4)and IL-8(10.97 pg/mL vs.5.92 pg/mL,P<0.001)were significantly higher in patients with poor prognosis than in those with good prognosis.The area under the curve for PCT,IL-6,and IL-8 to predict poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients was 0.687,0.660,and 0.746,respectively;sensitivity was 52.78%,55.17%,and 72.41%,respectively;and specificity was 81.58%,74.19%,and 74.19%,respectively,as calculated from the ROC curve.When PCT,IL-6 and IL-8 jointly predict the prognosis of COVID-19 patients,the area under the curve is 0.764,the sensitivity is 70.00%,and the specificity is 80.00%.Conclusion Serum PCT and cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 could be used as predictive markers for poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19.

Objective:To investigate the effects of birth intervals on maternal and infant outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:This retrospective study recruited 445 pregnant women with GDM who received prenatal examinations and delivered in Peking University First Hospital-Ningxia Women Children's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. Based on the birth interval classification standard recommended by WHO and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, these subjects were divided into three groups: shorter group (<18 months, n=69), normal group (18-59 months, n=213) and longer group (≥60 months, n=163). Analysis of variance, Chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. Results:There were statistically significant differences in the maternal age at this and previous pregnancy [(30.6±4.1), (30.8±3.8) vs (32.7±3.7) years; (22.7±2.4), (26.3±2.9) vs (29.9±4.1) years] and the incidence of oligohydramnios [10.1% (7/69), 1.9% (4/213) vs 3.1% (5/163)] and preterm birth [14.5% (10/69), 5.2% (11/213) vs 1.8% (3/163)] between the shorter, normal, and longer groups (all P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors in the present pregnancy, the risks of oligohydramnios, preterm birth, and low birth weight increased in the shorter group [ OR (95% CI): 4.73 (1.75-12.85), 5.54 (1.37-22.42) and 9.54 (3.05-29.82), all P<0.05] and so did the risk of postpartum hemorrhage in the longer group [ OR (95% CI): 4.45 (1.72-11.49), P<0.05]. Conclusions:Both longer and shorter birth intervals can affect maternal and infant outcomes of GDM patients. Postpartum healthcare should be strengthened for GDM patients who desire more children to help them maintain an appropriate birth interval, thus promoting maternal and infant health.

After the compatibility of Astragali Radix and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, most of the effective components of Astragali Radix increase, and the bioavailability is improved. Compared with the application of the two drugs alone, it can enhance the effects of immune regulation, anti-tumor, diuresis, lung protection, regulation of flora, and intestinal protection. However, the optimal compatibility ratio of Astragali Radix- Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma pair to exert various pharmacological effects still needs to be clarified. The drug pair and related preparations are mostly used in the treatment of nephropathy, but its mechanism of action needs to be further elucidated.