Objective To investigate the status of medication adherence of secondary prevention after acute ischemic stroke and influence on prognosis in Qingdao area , including antithrombotic drugs , lipid-lowering drugs , antihypertensive drugs and glucose-lowering drugs , to provide the basis for making medical policy.Methods We examined patients with acute cerebral infarction and transient ischemic attack in the Department of Neurology of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from December 2014 to January 2016.Patients′medication status and recurrence of stroke events were registered by using telephone and clinic follow-up within six months after the patients discharged from hospital .The standard of good and bad drug adherence was as follows:good adherence was defined as proportion of days covered ( PDC) ≥80%, bad adherence was defined as PDC <80%.SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used to analyze the influence factors of medication adherence and the influence of medication adherence on prognosis .Results Finally, 444 cases (88.62%) were analyzed.A total of 352 cases (79.28%) had high medication adherence at six months after discharging from hospital .The following factors can improve the adherence of drug treatment:history of diabetes (108 cases (30.68%) in good medication adherence group , 16 cases (17.39%) in poor medication adherence group,χ2 =6.401, P=0.011), having employee health insurance (186 cases (52.84%) in good medication adherence group , 33 cases (35.87%) in poor medication adherence group ,χ2 =8.405, P=0.004), endovascular stent implantation (29 cases(8.24%) in good medication adherence group, 0 case in poor medication adherence group ,χ2 =8.109, P=0.004), staying in hospital more than 10 days ( 230 cases ( 65.34%) in good medication adherence group , 49 cases ( 53.26%) in poor medication adherence group ,χ2 =4.558, P=0.033).Six months later , the modified Rankin Scale ( mRS) score of poor medication adherence group was significantly higher than that in good adherence group ( mRS score≥3,50 cases (14.20%) in good medication adherence group , 22 cases (23.91%) in poor medication adherence group,χ2 =5.060, P=0.024) .After six months, a total of 13 cases had recurrent cerebral infarction, with two cases ( 0.57%) in good adherence group , 11 cases ( 11.96%) in poor adherence group.High medication adherence was an independent protective factor of recurrent stroke ( OR=0.042, 95%CI 0.008 -0.210, P<0.01 ) .At one, three, six months after discharging from hospital , the medication adherence of antihypertensive and glucose-lowering drugs was better than that of antiplatelet agents and lipid-lowering drugs (all P<0.05).Conclusions The persistence and adherence to secondary preventive medication in ischemic stroke patients was generally well at 6th month after discharging from hospital.History of diabetes , having employee health insurance , stent implantation and longer hospital stay are the influencing factors to high medication adherence .High medication adherence is an independent protective factor for ischemic stroke recurrence .The medication adherence of antihypertensive and glucose-lowering drugs is better than that of antithrombotic drugs and lipid-lowering drugs.

Objective To explore the factors influencing serum trough concentration of vancomycin in pediatric patients with severe gram-positive cocci pneumonia. Methods The general information, the biochemical test results, and plasma concentration of vancomycin were collected from 93 pediatric patients with severe gram-positive cocci pneumonia. The relative factors influencing trough concentration of vancomycin were analyzed retrospectively. Results With the dosage of 40-60 mg/(kg·d), serum trough concentration of vancomycin were between 10-20 mg/L in 26 patients, <10 mg/L in 54 cases, ≥20 mg/L in 13 cases. The ALT, AST, GFR, and γ-GT were significantly different among three groups (P<0.05); the 10-20 mg/L group had the highest levels of AST and γ-GT, the ≥20 mg/L group had the highest level of ALT and the lowest level of GFR. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that GFR was negatively linearly correlated with the serum trough concentration of vancomycin (R2=0.039, P<0.05). The median serum trough concentration of vancomycin in pediatric patients with GFR≥90, 60–90, 30–60 mL/(min·1.73m2) were 8.66, 18.21, 8.45 mg/L respectively, and the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The serum trough concentration of vancomycin is negatively linearly correlated with GFR in pediatric patients with severe gram-positive cocci pneumonia. The patients with impaired renal function are easier to reach the target serum trough concentration of vancomycin. Clinical use of vancomycin should follow the low doses in the range the guideline recommended, and the serum trough concentration should be closely monitored.

Objectives To study the status of medical compliance and the reason of non-medical compliance behavior of the Hui diabetics. Methods 121 Hui diabetics were recruited by convenient sampling, investigated by medical compliance questionnaire and interviewed by open questions about the reason of non-medical compliance behavior (e.g. drug therapy, diet therapy, sports therapy, self monitoring and periodic review). Results The mean score of the medical compliance behaviors was (32.69±8.64), and the overall rate of non-medical compliance was 95.9%(116/121) in Hui diabetics. Arranged by the rate of non-medical compliance in descending order, the five dimensions of medical compliance behaviors were sports therapy, self monitoring, periodic review, diet therapy and drug therapy in turn. The reason of non-medical compliance behavior mainly included the cognition of treatment, the economic conditions, job, minority customs and religion. Conclusions Non-medical compliance behaviors existed in five major diabetes therapies in the Hui diabetics. The patients and their families should be educated and conducted individually according to their specific situation to improve the medical compliance behavior.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of subinguinal microsurgical and single -port laparoscopic high ligation in the treatment of varicocele.Methods 218 patients with varicocele were enrolled in this study.According to the digital table,they were randomly divided into two group.148 cases were treated by subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy(microscopic group),70 cases were treated by single -port laparoscopic high ligation varicocele(single -port laparoscopic group).Postoperative follow up was 3 -24months.The operative duration,length of hospital stay,hospitalization expense,postoperative complications and semen quality parameters were compared between the two groups.Results There were statistically significant differences in operative duration and hospitalization expense between the two groups(all P <0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in length of hospital stay (P >0.05).In the 218 followed -up patients,the sperm concentration and motility (grade a + b sperm)all significantly improved,which of the microscopic group and single -port laparoscopic group preoperation were (19.1 ± 8.2)×106 /mL,(18.2 ±7.9)×106 /mL and (22.7 ±7.8)%,(21.6 ±8.9)% respectively,which at 3 -6 months after operation were (56.2 ±10.8)×106 /mL,(45.8 ±12.9)×106 /mL and (58.8 ±9.7)%,(44.6 ±10.7)%, there were statistically significant differences compared with preoperation (t =6.227,9.579,all P <0.05 ). Conclusion The surgical methods in the treatment of varicocele can improve the quality of patients,but microscopic group is obviously better than single -port laparoscopic group in improvement of semen quality parameters,safety, patient -based compliance and economy.

Objective To construct the miRNA‐21 eukaryotic overexpression vector pmR‐21 and to explore its regulation effect on the expression of c‐myc gene in HepG2 .2 .15 cells .Methods The miRNA‐21 precursor gene fragment pre‐miRNA‐21 was amplified by PCR ,then connected to the pmR‐mCherry plasmid vector after double enzyme digestion ,the accuracy of the recombi‐nant vector was verified by double enzyme digestion and sequencing ;then the recombinant vector was transfected into HepG2 .2 .15 cells ,the fluorescent protein expression was observed under the fluorescence microscopy at 24 h and the transfection efficiency was detected by flow cytometry ;the expression of miRNA‐21 was evaluated by real‐time quantitative PCR;at 72 h after transfection ,the expression levels of c‐myc gene were detected by RT‐PCR and Western blot ;CCK‐8 was used to detect the cell proliferation in each group .Results The double enzyme digestion and Western blot verified that the target gene fragment was inserted into the pmR‐mCherry vector;at 24 h after transfection ,intracellular strong fluorescence was seen ,the transfection efficiency was higher than 50% ;miRNA‐21 expression level of the pmR‐21 recombinant vector group was significantly increased;c‐myc gene expression was increased in the pmR‐21 recombinant vector group at 72 h after transfection ,the cell proliferation in the pmR‐21 recombinant group was faster than that in the control group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The pmR‐21 eukaryotic overexpression vector is successfully con‐structed ,this recombinant vector can express miRNA‐21 stably ;miRNA‐21 can up‐regulate c‐myc gene expression ,c‐myc gene is one of miR‐21′s targets for playing a cancer‐promoting action .

Objective To explore the mechanism of tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets for elderly patients with relapsing refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP),and to seek the theoretical basis for Chinese medicine treatment of this disease.Methods The clinical data of 79 patients with relapsing refractory ITP were retrospectively analyzed.According to whether the combined use of tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside,they were divided into the control group (35 cases) and the observation group (44 cases).The control group was treated with platelet and tranexamic acid,sulfasalazine,sulforaphane sodium,hemagglutinin and other symptomatic hemostasis treatment.The observation group in symptomatic hemostasis support on the basis of treatment with tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets.The CD4+/CD8+ ratio and CD4+ CD25+ Treg expression were compared between the two groups.Results The CD4+/CD8+ ratio,CD4+ CD25+ Treg and platelet count in the control group before treatmentwere (0.96 ± 0.36),(1.21 ± 0.67) ％,(13.14 ± 6.92) × 109/L,respectively,which of the observation group were (0.92 ± 0.37),(1.19 ± 0.59) ％,(11.51 ± 6.21) × 109/L,respectively,there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The CD4+/CD8+ ratios in peripheral blood of the observation group at 2 weeks,3 weeks and 4 weeks after treatmentwere (1.04 ±0.56),(1.55 ±0.34),(1.59 ±0.41),respectively,there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (t =9.994,9.797,all P ＜ 0.05).The CD4+ CD25+ Treg proportions in the observation group at 2 weeks,3 weeks and 4 weeks after treatmentwere (1.01 ± 0.61) ％,(1.06:±:0.57) ％,(5.92 ± 0.65) ％,respectively,there was statistically significant difference between the 4 weeks after treatment and before treatment(t =5.378,P ＜ 0.05).The CD4+/CD8+ ratios in the peripheral blood of the control group were (1.01 ±0.60),(0.89 ±0.50) and (0.96 ±0.51),respectively,and the CD4+ CD25+ Treg in control group at 2 weeks,3 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment proportions were (0.99 ±0.72)％,(1.15 ±0.66)％,(1.22 ±0.56)％,respectively,there were no statistically significant differences between before and after treatment (all P ＞0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and CD4+ CD25+ Treg expression between the observation group and control group at 4 weeks after treatment (t =8.589,P ＜ 0.01;t =2.369,P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the platelet count between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05),but the symptoms of bleeding of the observation group was lighter at 3 weeks after treatment.Conclusion Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside improves the expression of CD4+/CD8+ and CD4+ CD25+ Treg in peripheral blood of elderly patients with relapsed or refractory ITP.It is an ideal drug for the treatment of relapsed and refractory ITP in the elderly,it is worth further study.

This article introduces the mechanism including antigen presentation, adjuvant, lymphatic system and the characteristics of vaccine, and then summarizes the key applications of core pharmacometrics approaches including QSP, PK/PD, dose response analysis, MBMA, in dose-response, preclinical and clinical translation, and correlation between biomarkers and efficacy of vaccines. It is expected that the successful application of model informed drug development can promote model informed vaccine development so that pharmacometrics makes its due contributions to the development of safer, more effective and more controllable vaccine products.

Objective:To investigate the effects of birth intervals on maternal and infant outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:This retrospective study recruited 445 pregnant women with GDM who received prenatal examinations and delivered in Peking University First Hospital-Ningxia Women Children's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. Based on the birth interval classification standard recommended by WHO and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, these subjects were divided into three groups: shorter group (<18 months, n=69), normal group (18-59 months, n=213) and longer group (≥60 months, n=163). Analysis of variance, Chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. Results:There were statistically significant differences in the maternal age at this and previous pregnancy [(30.6±4.1), (30.8±3.8) vs (32.7±3.7) years; (22.7±2.4), (26.3±2.9) vs (29.9±4.1) years] and the incidence of oligohydramnios [10.1% (7/69), 1.9% (4/213) vs 3.1% (5/163)] and preterm birth [14.5% (10/69), 5.2% (11/213) vs 1.8% (3/163)] between the shorter, normal, and longer groups (all P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors in the present pregnancy, the risks of oligohydramnios, preterm birth, and low birth weight increased in the shorter group [ OR (95% CI): 4.73 (1.75-12.85), 5.54 (1.37-22.42) and 9.54 (3.05-29.82), all P<0.05] and so did the risk of postpartum hemorrhage in the longer group [ OR (95% CI): 4.45 (1.72-11.49), P<0.05]. Conclusions:Both longer and shorter birth intervals can affect maternal and infant outcomes of GDM patients. Postpartum healthcare should be strengthened for GDM patients who desire more children to help them maintain an appropriate birth interval, thus promoting maternal and infant health.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics, examination results, treatment and prognosis of neonates with influenza virus infection in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods:Clinical data of neonates with influenza virus infection who were hospitalized in the NICU of the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of Chinese People′s Liberation Army from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 11 hospitalized neonates with influenza virus infection in the NICU were recruited, including 2 cases of influenza A and 9 cases of influenza B. Ten cases (90.9%) had respiratory symptoms, and among them, there were 8 cases with increased oxygen demand, 7 cases with complicated pneumonia, 4 cases with dyspnea, and 2 cases with apnea.Seven cases showed abnormal body temperature, including 6 cases of fever, and 1 case of hypothermia.Five cases had circulatory system symptoms.Digestive system symptoms and urinary system symptoms were detected in 5 cases and 3 cases, respectively.Eight cases complicated with systemic symptoms, including 3 cases of poor mental response, 3 cases of worsening jaundice, 3 cases of weight loss, 2 cases of hyperglycemia, 1 case of edema and sclerosis.Ten cases were treated with gamma globulin immunotherapy, 2 cases were treated with plasma immune support, and 1 case was treated with Peramivir antiviral.Eight cases were treated with increased oxygen therapy, among which non-invasive ventilator parameters or modes increased in 4 cases, and nasal cannula oxygen concentration increased in 2 cases.The change of noninvasive-assisted ventilation to invasive-assisted ventilation occurred in 1 case, and 1 case developed the change of nasal cannula to noninvasive-assisted ventilation.Four neonates received anti-shock and (or) myocardial contractility therapy.Conclusions:Neonates with influenza virus infection in the NICU are mainly manifested as respiratory symptoms and fever, and the incidence of complicated pneumonia is high.Multiple systems may be involved at the same time, often leading to severe disease status.Comprehensive supportive treatment is necessary.Neonatologists should pay attention to these symptoms, and early detection of influenza virus and timely isolation are the key methods to prevent influenza outbreaks in NICU.

Objective To observe the clinical manifestation of abutment gingivitis and secondary caries after partial denture fixing,and to have a comparison of periodontal index between abutment gingivitis and secondary caries. Meth-ods Fifty patients who received partial denture fixing were divided randomly into two groups.Twenty-five patients had abutment gingivitis,and twenty-five patients had secondary caries. The PLI,CPITN,PD and the classification of bacte-rial of two groups were compared. Results The PLI,CPITN,PD of both groups had no difference,but the classification of bacterial in both groups were significantly different (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of abutment gingivitis and secondary caries after partial denture fixing is massive. Although the periodontal index between patients who had abut-ment gingivitis or secondary caries after partial denture fixing have no difference. Doctors should strengthen the health education after treatment to reduce the rate of periodontal disease.