Objective To investigate the incidence of xerostomia in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndromes (AIDS), clarify the association between AIDS and xerostomia to promote AIDS patients' oral health. Method The oral health conditions of 200 hospitalized AIDS patients were investigated by a self-designed evaluation form. Results Among 200 patients, xerostomia occurred in 113 (56.6%) . Among the xerostomia patients, 32.7% were without brushing habits, 63.7% with long-term medication and 43.1% (31 cases) with mainly antibiotics, antivirals and antifungal drugs. 30 (31.9%) patients with xerostomia were mainly associated with symptoms of oral burning, lips dry and scaly, periodontitis, oral mucosal dryness and tooth loss. Conclusions AIDS could increase the incidence of xerostomia. Some effective measures should be taken to promote patients' oral health, including improving AIDS patients' awareness of oral health, close observation of adverse reactions after treatment,looking for related causes, timely and targeted therapies,early detection and treatment of associated symptoms.

OBJECTIVEThe genetic diversity and genetic relationship of Jatropha curcas resources in Sichuan and Yunnan were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for breeding fine varieties and protecting germplasm resources.

METHODTen J. curcas populations were studied by 12 cpSSR primers in this paper. On the base of amplified bands, genetic diversity parameters were analyzed by POPGENE version 1.32. Furthermore, UPGMA tree of 10 J. curcas populations established from pairwise population distance by NTSYSpc version 2.10.

RESULTTwenty-two polymorphic bands were detected, and the percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 76.28%. Among of the 10 J. curcas populations, the average percentage of polymorphic loci of YNSB was higher than that of the other populations, and it reached 95.45%; On the other hand, that of YNLS was the lowest in all populations, and it was 45.45%. Nei's gene diversity index(H(e)), Shannon information index(I), Effective Num of alleles(A(e)) were respectively 0.4020, 0.576 7, 1.713 6. The total gene diversity (H(T)), the gene differentiation coefficient (G(st)), the gene flow (N(m)) and the gene diversity within populations (H(s)) were 0.443 3, 0.080 2, 3.058 5, 0.405 1, 0.035 7, respectively. The highest gene diversity ratio was showed within populations and the lowest among populations. The results by AMOVA analysis showed that 91.02% of genetic variation existed within populations while 8.98% of genetic variation existed among populations. On the base of the results, the conclusion was extracted that variation existed mainly within populations, and the variation within populations was bigger than that among populations. The result was consistent with that of the gene differentiation coefficient. The order of the genetic diversity was YNLS population < XSBN population < SCHPZ population < SCHD population < SCJH population < YNPR population < SCLB population < YNSB population < YNFY population < SCHL population. The range of Nei's genetic identity and genetic distance of 10 respectively populations were respectively 0.812 7-0.979 8, 0.020 4-0.207 3. All these showed the similarity was higher and there was a close relationship among the 10 respectively populations; Results based on the cluster analysis showed that 10 respectively populations were divided into 2 groups: one was SCJH population and CHPZ population, the other was SCHL population, SCHD population, SCLB population, YNSB population, YNFY population, YNPR population, XSBN population and YNLS population.

CONCLUSIONSignificant genetic diversity was observed among respectively resources in Sichuan and Yunnan. On the other hand, genetic relationship was close between populations.

China ; Chloroplasts ; genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Variation ; Jatropha ; classification ; genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Phylogeny

Objective To understand the changes of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) among adults with Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in Qinghai,and to provide scientific data for KBD prevention and control.Methods A case-control study was used,according to "Diagnosis of Kaschin-Beck disease",104 cases of KBD patients [aged (47.61 ± 12.72) years old;50 males,54 females] and 95 cases of internal healthy controls [aged (48.28 ±14.87) years old;35 males,60 females],which were from KBD areas in Xinghai and Guide counties of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province,and 73 cases of external healthy controls [aged (51.88 ± 13.93)years old;35 males,38 females] from non-KBD region of Xunhua County were included in July 2017.Serum TNF-α was determined via the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results Totally 272 persons were studied and divided into three groups,there was no statistical significant difference of ages among the three groups (F =2.236,P ＞ 0.05),meanwhile,there was no statistical significant difference of genders among the three groups (x2 =3.135,P ＞ 0.05).The serum TNF-α levels of KBD patients,internal and external healthy controls were (25.14 ± 10.29),(21.84 ± 9.37),and (24.98 ± 8.98) ng/L,respectively,which were statistically significantly different among the three groups (F =3.486,P ＜ 0.05).The serum TNF-α levels in the KBD group and the external healthy control were higher than that in internal healthy control (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the KBD group and the external healthy control (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion There may exist inflammatory changes among KBD patients in KBD areas of Qinghai Province.

Objective:To verify the revised method of cerium sulfate catalytic spectrophotometry for iodide index of "Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water-Nonmetal Parameters" (GB/T 5750.5-2006).Methods:From July to September 2019, the Laboratory of Department for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Institute for Disease Prevention and Control verified the revised method (determination of iodide in drinking water by cerium sulfate catalytic spectrophotometry) of cerium sulfate catalytic spectrophotometry (hereinafter referred to as original method) in "Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water-Nonmetal Parameters" (GB/T 5750.5-2006). The revised method was verified according to the requirements of "Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water-Water Analysis Quality Control" (GB/T 5750.3-2006), including standard curve, detection limit, precision, accuracy and actual sample determination.Results:The linear range of the revised method was 0 - 20.0 μg/L, the correlation coefficient was - 0.999 4 - 0.999 8, and the detection limit was 0.231 μg/L. The relative standard deviation ( RSD) of low, medium and high iodine water samples of 6 times detection ranged from 1.4% to 9.6%, and the recoveries of low and medium water samples ranged from 89.0% to 108.0%. The detection results of national first-class reference materials for iodine composition analysis in water were within the range of standard value ± uncertainty. There was no significant difference in the test of results of 12 tap water samples between the revised method and the original standard method ( t = - 0.075, P > 0.05). Conclusion:The revised method has a good linear relationship of standard curve, high precision and accuracy, and good reproducibility, is simple and easy to operate, and is suitable for promotion and application.

Objective To detect urinary bio-markers of hydroxyproline (HYP) and c-terminal telopeptide of collagen type Ⅱ (CTX-Ⅱ) among population from Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) regions in Qinghai Province,and to provide the scientific data for prevention and control of adult KBD.Methods According to the "Diagnosis of Kashin-Beck Disease" (WS/T 207-2010),using case-control study,120 KBD patients (males 55,females 65) and 89 healthy controls (males 41,females 48) in Qinghai KBD regions were divided into case group and control group.Morning urine samples were collected.HYP and CTX-Ⅱ contents were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),then these results were corrected with creatinine.All the data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software.Results There was no significant difference in the age of male and female between case group and control group (t =1.813,1.131,P ＞ 0.05).The medians of urinary HYP and CTX-Ⅱ contents among male patients were 74.91 μg/μmol Cr and 630.77 ng/μmol Cr,respectively,which were higher than those of control groups (51.38 μg/μ mol Cr,401.32 ng/μmol Cr,Z =3.068,3.246,P ＜ 0.01).The medians of urinary HYP and CTX-Ⅱ contents among female patients were 91.07 μg/μmol Cr and 637.17 ng/μmol Cr,respectively,compared with those of control groups (88.37μg/μmol Cr,546.47 ng/μmol Cr),there was no significant difference in HYP content (Z =0.273,P ＞ 0.05),however,the difference in CTX-Ⅱ content was statistically significant (Z =2.002,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The urinary HYP contents of male patients with KBD change significantly,while the degradation of type Ⅱ collagen in male and female patients increases,and CTX-Ⅱ could reflect the metabolic changes of collagen in KBD.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the changes of serum nitric oxide (NO) content in adult patients with Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD).Methods:Systematic retrieval was conducted on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, VIP Database, PubMed, Embase and other databases, to analyze the literatures published from the database establishment to March 31, 2019, on the changes of serum NO content of adult patients with KBD. Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 software, and mean difference ( MD) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) were calculated; sensitivity analysis was performed using fixed-effect model or random-effect model based on heterogeneity results; and publication bias was evaluated using funnel chart. Results:Totally 7 qualified literatures were included, including 358 cases in the adult KBD group and 305 cases in the control group. After the heterogeneity test, there was heterogeneity among the literatures (χ 2 = 188.07, I2 = 97%, P < 0.01), so a random-effect model was used for Meta-analysis. The NO content in the KBD group was significantly higher than that in the control group (MD = 44.29, 95% CI: 30.57 - 58.00), the difference was statistically significant ( Z = 6.33, P < 0.01). Sensitivity analysis showed that the results of this study were stable. The two sides of the funnel were basically symmetrical, suggesting that the possibility of publication bias was small. Conclusion:The serum level of NO content in adult patients with KBD is significantly increased.

Objective To find out the distribution and status of drinking-water-borne fluorosis in Qinghai,and to provide basic data for prevention and control of the disease.Methods According to the "Action Plan of Endemic Fluorosis and Arsenic Poisoning in Qinghai (2016-2020)",10 counties were selected to carry out the epidemiological study in 2016.The operation of the improvment project was investigated.The fluoride content of water was determined with fluoride ion-selective electrode,and dental fluorosis of 8-12 years old children was diagnosed by the Deans method.Results A total of 97 villages have been investigated,and all water was improved.The range of water fluoride was 0.20-2.13 mg/L.Normal operation rate of water-improving project was 83.33％ (50/60).The pass rate of water fluorine content was 96.67％ (58/60).The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of the children was 18.70％ (774/4 140),and it was significantly lower than national standards (30％).Conclusions Water has been improved in all of the fluorosis villages.Most of the water-improving engineering projects to control drinking-water fluorosis has played a positive role,and drinking-water-borne fluorosis is under control.

Objective To study the level of serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) among adult patients with Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in the KBD area of Xinghai County,Qinghai Province.Methods In 2017,cluster random sampling was used to carry out investigation in the KBD area of Xinghai County,Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province,and the residents aged over 20 years old were selected as the survey subjects.According to "the Diagnosis Criteria of Kaschin-Beck Disease" (WS/T 207-2010),the subjects were divided into KBD group and the control group.The serum IL-1β content of the subjects was detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS 17.0 software.Results A total of 188 eligible residents were surveyed,including KBD group (97 cases) and control group (91 cases).The age [(45.89 ± 11.75),(47.95 ± 11.75) years] and gender (male:48,38,female:43,59) of two groups were no statistically significant (t =1.050,x2 =3.485,P ＞ 0.05).The serum IL-1β levels of KBD patients and healthy control were (94.54 ± 24.19) and (65.95 ± 20.08) ng/L,respectively,which were significantly different (t =8.839,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There is an inflammatory change in adults with KBD in Xinghai County,Qinghai Province.

Objective:To understand the changes of serum interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 in adult patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in Qinghai Plateau, and to provide scientific basis for scientific prevention and treatment of plateau KBD.Methods:According to the "Diagnosis of Kashin-Beck Disease" (WS/T 207-2010), adult KBD patients and healthy people over 18 years old were selected as KBD group and control group, respectively, in KBD disease areas of Xinghai County and Guide County, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. Fasting cubital venous blood was collected from the people of two groups, and the levels of serum IL-2 and IL-6 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:A total of 193 people were surveyed, including 114 people in KBD group and 79 people in control group. There was no significant difference in age and sex ratio between the two groups ( t = 0.204, χ 2 = 2.547, P > 0.05). The serum IL-2 and IL-6 levels of the KBD group were (572.21 ± 172.92), (42.35 ± 15.86) pg/ml, respectively; compared with the control group [(511.28 ± 173.22), (51.96 ± 17.18) pg/ml], the differences were statistically significant ( t = 2.404, 3.999, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The serum IL-2 level is increased and IL-6 level is decreased in adult KBD patients in Qinghai Plateau, both of which may be involved in the inflammatory reaction of adult KBD.