Objective To determine the berberine chloride content in Lianpu Shuangqing Tablet and to develop a steady and reliable method for the quality control of the tablet.Method A HPLC method was adopted.The column was Dionex C18 (5 ?m,4.6 mm ?150 mm)with the column temperature of 28 ℃,the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.033 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate(25 ∶75) with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,and the detection wavelength was at 346 nm.Results Berberine chloride has a linearity in the range of 0.153～1.224 ?g,and the average content in the tablet was 1.26 mg/tablet.Conclusion This method is simple,accurate,and can be used for the quality control of Lianpu Shuangqing Tablet.

Objective:Investigate the awareness of their own rights and the safeguarding of the rights in practice,raise the patients' sense of safeguarding of the rights and help them defend the legal rights.Methods:A survey was taken among patients by applying the questionnaire.Results:There are 5 items about the patients' knowledge about their own rights and 3 items about defending their rights in practice,in which more than 85 percent of 111 patients chose the answer "always or almost".From this we can see that the awareness and safeguarding of their rights are not good enough.Conclusion: The government is appealed to break up the existence of the monopoly mold in medical treatment and to take measures to protect the rights of patients.The medical personnel should renew their concepts,pay more attention to publicizing and defending patients' rights,and help patients realize their rights.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Kaschin-Beck disease in Wulan and Dulan counties,and to provide basic data in distribution of Kashin-Beck disease.Method In 2015,according to the Diagnosis of Kaschin-Beck Disease (WS/T 207-2010),in 18 villages of Wulan (Tongpu Town,Xiligou Town) and Dulan (Xiariha Town,Xiangride Town) counties,children aged 7-15 and adults over 16 years old who had bone and joint dysfunction underwent epidemiological,clinic and X-ray examination.Results A total of 3 800 children were examined,6 children were found with clinic syndrome of degree Ⅰ Kaschin-Beck disease,the detection rate was 0.16％.By X-ray examination,one student with Kaschin-Beck disease was from other place;other 5 students' X-ray signs were normal.A total of 222 adults older than 16 years old who had bone and joint dysfunction were examined,none of them was found with clinic syndrome of degree Ⅰ Kaschin-Beck disease,the detection rate was 0.Conclusion There is no patient with Kaschin-Beck disease in Wulan and Dulan counties,Qinghai Province.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of multi-slice computer tomography (MSCT) in cause and location of agnogenic intestinal obstruction. Methods With light speed 16 multiple slice spiral-CT, 68 patients clinically suggested intestinal obstruction were underwent plain scan and second phase enhanced scan in whole abdomen. The image data was post-processed through GEADW4. 4 station with multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP). The CT image characters of agnogenic intestinal obstruction were analyzed by comparing CT image suggestions with operation findings. Results MSCT clearly indicate the location, cause and severity of intestinal obstruction, and the diagnose accordance rate with operation findings was 95.6 % (65/68). Conclusions MSCT is a quick, simple and effective means for diagnosis of the location,causes and severity of agnogenic intestinal obstruction. It could provide an important clue for the doctors when making clinical decisions.

Objective To provide basic and scientific data for diagnosis of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and development of children in the endemic disease region of Xinghai, Qinghai Province. Method In March 2012, the radiographs of right hand of 278 children aged 7 - 12 in KBD areas from Xinghai County, Qinghai Province were taken by X-ray, and then these phalange bones were measured with electronic digital vernier caliper. All data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0. Results The length of middle and end phalanges offingers of the forefinger, middle phalanges offinger of the middle finger and middle phalanges offinger of the pinky of girls aged 8 [(15.76 ± 1.39), (10.86 ± 1.06), (18.69 ± 1.46) and (12.26 ± 1.51) mm] were higher than those of boys [(14.71 ± 0.96), (10.24 ± 0.87), (17.76 ± 0.99) and (11.27 ± 1.42) mm], and the differences were statistically significant (t = 3.058, 2.174, 2.603, 2.346, all P< 0.05). The length of end phalanges offinger of the forefinger and middle phalanges offinger of the ring finger of girls aged 11 [(12.37 ± 0.86), (19.71 ± 1.32) mm] were higher than those of boys [(11.56 ± 1.01), (18.67 ± 2.03) mm] with significant differences (t = 2.938, 2.070, all P< 0.05). There was no significant difference of length of phalange bones between boys and girls at other age groups (all P>0.05). 7 year old age group, the width of phalange bones(proximal thumb, middle phalanges offingers of the forefinger, proximal and end phalanges offinger of the middle finger, proximal phalanges offinger of ring finger and middle phalanges offinger of the pinky) of boys was significantly thicker than girls (t = 2.291, 3.151, 3.131, 2.814, 2.235, 2.129, all P < 0.05). The 8 year old age group, the width of proximal phalanges offinger of ring finger of boys was significantly thicker than girls (t = 2.952, P< 0.05); 10 year old age group, the width of proximal phalanges offinger of the middle finger, proximal and middle phalanges offinger of ring finger of boys was significantly thicker than girls (t = 2.114, 3.829. 2.234, all P< 0.05); 11 year old age group, the width of middle phalanges offinger of forefinger and ring finger of boys was significantly thicker than girls (t = 3.219, 2.094, all P< 0.05); 12 year old age group, the width of end phalanges offinger of thumb and forefinger, proximal and end phalanges offinger of the pinky of boys was significantly thicker than girls (t=2.181, 3.973, 3.128, 2.237, all P<0.05);the rest and comparison, no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion The development of phalange bones of children aged 7 - 12 is in accordance with the specific changes of development at different stages.

Objective To observe the damage degree and expression pattern of Caveolin-3 mRNA by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits of skeletal muscle cell at different phases.Methods In this study,from April 2013 to December 2013,30 lower limbs of 15 Chinese White Rabbits were used and divided into two groups:all the left lower limbs were experimental group,which were made as an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion injury by occluding left common iliac artery using noninvasive vascular.All the right lower limbs without surgical treatment were the control group.Gastrocnemius samples were obtained at 4h and 8h after reperfusion and handled by HE staining and observed by optical microscopy.By Real-time PCR,Caveolin-3/GAPDH mRNA were detected.Results HE stain showed:in control group,there was no edema,degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration; in experi-meatal group,muscle cell degeneration had occured at ischemic 5 h.The edema was aggravated,a large number vacuole were formed and inflammatory cell were infiltrated at 4 h reperfusion.Reperfusion injury at 8h significantly reduced compared to 4 h.The Caveolin-3/GAPDH mRNA expression levels by SPSS 19.0 showed:Control group:1.026 ± 0.065,1.004 ±0.037,1.022 ±0.051,experimental group:1.159 ±0.073,1.445 ±0.053,1.208 ±0.058 at ischemic 5 h,4 h and 8 h reperfusion,respectively.On-line analysis of variance cases of ischemic 5 h and 4 h reperfusion and 8 h reperfusion,the experimental group than the control group were increased,with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).The experimental group of ischemic 5 h and 8 h reperfusion was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).It showed Caveolin-3 mRNA expression levels in ischemia-reperfusion 8 h group returned to normal.There was significant statistical difference between the ischemic 5 h and 4 h reperfusion (P ＜ 0.05).There was significant statistical difference between the 4 h reperfusion and 8 h reperfusion (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of Caveolin-3 in experimental group showed a trend of first increased and then decreased.The expression levels of Caveolin-3 mRNA in skeletal muscle cells after ischemia-reperfusion injury is consistent with the development and progression of muscle cell damage.The results indicate that Caveolin-3 may play a control role in the injury and recovery of skeletal muscle cell.

Objective To establish and evaluate a method for determination of total arsenic in urine by test-tube rapid digestion hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry.Methods After digestion of urine samples using graduated test-tube and graphite digestion apparatus,arsenic content in urine was determined with atomic fluorescence spectrometer.Then the test results were evaluated by using quality control measures,such as precision and accuracy experiments,and the results between different laboratories were reviewed and compared.Results The urinary arsenic was in a linear range of 0-0.300 mg/L,correlation coefficient (r) ＞ 0.999 3,detection limit was 0.000 21 mg/L,relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤4.62％ and the recoveries of standard addition were 93.9％-104.3％.The value of standard reference material measured was within the allowable range.The blind sample of the national urinary arsenic was qualified.Conclusions This method is suitable for large scale determination of urinary arsenic for its micro sample amount needed,less interference and strong practicability.The error results are in a controlled range.

Objective To find out the distribution of drinking-tea-borne fluorosis in the six ethnics in Qinghai Province, and to provide basic data for prevention and control of the disease. Methods In 2010, according to the requirement of “The National Surveillance Program of Drinking-Tea-borne Fluorosis”, six ethnics accounted for 99.59% of total population in Qinghai Province were investigated in 28 counties having brick-tea drinking habit. Three townships and a town in each county, two administrative villages(residents’ committee) in each township and town were chosen and 50 adults in each administrative village and residents ’ committee were selected to check skeletal fluorosis, dental fluorosis, urine fluoride and daily drinking amount of tea water. Five to six samples of drinking tea water were determined. Dental fluorosis was examined by Deans method; the fluoride content of brick-tea and urine were determined by fluoride ion selective electrode; the skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed based on “Endemic Osteofluorosis Clinical Indexing Diagnosis Standard”( WS 192-2008 ) . Results A total of 10 335 adults were surveyed, the number of Tibetan, Han, Hui, Mongolian, Tu and Salar ethnics were 4 972, 3 063, 1 196, 634, 235 and 235, respectively. The daily drinking amounts of tea water in Mongolian, Tibetan, Hui, Tu, Han and Salar ethnics were 2.53, 2.19, 1.74, 1.63, 1.22 and 1.07 L, respectively. Daily fluoride intakes in Tibetan, Mongolian, Tu, Hui, Han and Salar ethnics were 3.99, 2.78,2.27, 2.16, 1.78 and 1.28 mg, respectively. The medians of urinary fluoride concentration of the Tibetan, Tu, Hui, Han, Mongolian and Salar ethnics were 1.46, 1.19, 1.12, 0.98, 0.93 and 0.81 mg/L, respectively. The prevalence rates of dental fluorosis of the Hui, Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Salar ethnics were 34.53%(413/1 196), 27.07%(829/3 063), 21.60%(1 074/4 972), 20.00%(47/235), 17.98%(114/634) and 6.38%(15/235), respectively. The incidence rates of clinical skeletal fluorosis of the Tibetan, Mongolian, Han, Hui, Tu and Salar ethnics were 13.42%(667/4 972), 11.04%(70/634), 9.31%(285/3 063), 7.61%(91/1 196), 5.53%(13/235) and 4.26%(10/235), respectively. Conclusions The distribution and prevalent status of drinking-tea-borne fluorosis in the six ethnics of Qinghai Province are different. Tibetan and Mongolian ethnics are the key population concerning the prevention and control of the disease.

Objective To investigate whether TG2 promotes drug resistance to epirubicin through AKT signal pathway in breast cancer. Methods MCF-7 cells with constant expression of TGM2 gene(TGM2-LV)were established via the lentiviral vector. The breast cancer cells were divided into five groups,including the NC group, TG2 group and MK2206 group. The MCF-7/adr cells were divided into ADR group and MKadr group. The expres-sion of TG2 ,AKT ,Bcl-2 and P53 was detected by Western blot assay. Cells were treated with epirubicin. MTT assay was performed to assess cell proliferation. The inhibition ratio of cancer cell proliferation was evaluated. TUNEL analysis was performed to identify the apoptosis of the breast cancer cells. Results Lvels of TG2,p-AKT and Bcl-2 in NC group were significantly lower than those in TG2 group,while the expression of P53 in NC group was much higher. In MK2206(or MK/adr )group,p-AKT and Bcl-2 were down-regulated,while P53 was markedly up-regulated compared with TG2(or ADR)group(P<0.05). The results of the MTT assay showed a strong inhibi-tion in cell proliferation rate in MK2206(or MKadr )group. Compared with the NC group,TG2 promoted prolifera-tion of MCF-7 cells in TG2 group. The cell apoptosis rate in MK2206(or MKadr )group was significantly higher than that in TG2(or ADR)group(P<0.05). TG2 significantly inhibit the apoptosis of breast cancer cells ,com-pared to the control group. Conclusion TG2 might promote drug resistance to epirubicin through AKT signal path-way in breast cancer

Objective To understand the changes of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) among adults with Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in Qinghai,and to provide scientific data for KBD prevention and control.Methods A case-control study was used,according to "Diagnosis of Kaschin-Beck disease",104 cases of KBD patients [aged (47.61 ± 12.72) years old;50 males,54 females] and 95 cases of internal healthy controls [aged (48.28 ±14.87) years old;35 males,60 females],which were from KBD areas in Xinghai and Guide counties of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province,and 73 cases of external healthy controls [aged (51.88 ± 13.93)years old;35 males,38 females] from non-KBD region of Xunhua County were included in July 2017.Serum TNF-α was determined via the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results Totally 272 persons were studied and divided into three groups,there was no statistical significant difference of ages among the three groups (F =2.236,P ＞ 0.05),meanwhile,there was no statistical significant difference of genders among the three groups (x2 =3.135,P ＞ 0.05).The serum TNF-α levels of KBD patients,internal and external healthy controls were (25.14 ± 10.29),(21.84 ± 9.37),and (24.98 ± 8.98) ng/L,respectively,which were statistically significantly different among the three groups (F =3.486,P ＜ 0.05).The serum TNF-α levels in the KBD group and the external healthy control were higher than that in internal healthy control (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the KBD group and the external healthy control (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion There may exist inflammatory changes among KBD patients in KBD areas of Qinghai Province.