Objective: To determine the action site of propofol and hydroxybutyrate sodium relaxing mandibular muscles. Method: Eighty adult patients,ASA class Ⅰ or Ⅱ, were randomly divided into four groups (n=20),receiving intravenous propofol 1.5,3.0mg/kg or hydroxybutyrate sodium 50,80mg/kg, respectively. Train-of-four (TOF), double-burst stimulation (DBS), tetanic stimulation (TS)were applied to ulnar nerve-adductor pollicis or mandibular nerve masseter. Result: (1) After intravenous propofol and hydroxybutyrate sodium,T1 (first twitch height of TOF)and TOF ratio of addutor pollicis were kept unchanged. (2)After intravenous propofol ,T1 induced by stimulating mandibular nerve-masseter was similar to before administration and TOF,DBS and TS ratios were significantly increased; (3) after intravenous hydroxybutyrate sodium,TOF ratios of mandibular nerve-masseter remained stable, but T1, DBS and TS ratios significantly reduced. Conclusion:Neuromuscular transmission of ulnar nerve-addutor pollicis is not affected by propofol and hydroxybutyrate sodium. The action place of propofol relaxing the mandibular muscles is located in central nerve system. Hydroxybutyrate sodium blocks neuromuscular transmission of mandibular nerve-masseter.

Objective To evaluate the value of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) angiography in diagnosis of thoracic vascularemergency.Methods 25 cases suspected of thoracic vascular emergency were examined with MSCT. Two dimensional and three dimensionalimaging methods were used. Results Central pulmonary embolism 10 cases, aortic dissection 12 cases,aneurysm 2 cases and takayasuarteritis with stricture of kidney artery were found by two dimensional imaging(MPVR,CPR),and the extent, size and details of lesions couldbe showed well. The space relationship and calcifation of aorta were displayed in three dimensional imaging(SSD,VR,MIP). Therelationship between intraluminal embolism and the wall of pulmonary artery, as well as intimal flap and reentry of dissection could bevealuated by CTVE.Conclusion Associated with imaging post processing,MSCT angiography is an effective method in diagnosis of thoracic vascular emergency.

BACKGROUND: Glucose is an important factor on differentiation of pancreatic duct stem cells, it relates to the quantity and secretion function of insulin-producing cells after differentiation.OBJECTIVE: To compare the insulin secretion capacity of the differentiated rat pancreatic stem cells induced by various glucose concentrations.METHODS: Rat stem cells were isolated and purified from pancreatic duct cells using collagenase V and Ficoll-400. These stem cells were randomly divided into 10 groups. Every group was induced to culture, proliferate, differentiate and form insulin- producing cells in vitro. The differentiation of all groups was performed in medium with different concentrations of glucose. The immunofluorescence staining was used to identify the pancreatic duct stem cells. The electrochemical luminescence method was used to detect the insulin release from stem cell differentiated islets.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The stimulation index of glucose 20.6, 25.6, 30.6 mmol/L groups was higher than that in other groups (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between each two groups among these three groups (P > 0.05). The insulin releasing of glucose 15.6, 20.6, 25.6 groups was higher than that in other groups (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between each two groups among these three groups (P > 0.05). The best insulin secretion capacity of insulin-producing cells can be gained by controlling concentration of glucose as 20.6-25.6 mmol/L when pancreatic duct stem cells differentiated into insulin-producing cells.

Objective To find a method to improve the range accuracy of moving target such as peripheral lung tumors, since a single CT snapshot may not be accurate during the treatment process.Methods A simple harmonic motion phantom, embedded with a cube and a circular ball, was used to simulate the tumor motion. Individualized moving targets were scanned 24 times with different amplitudes and frequencies. Then the images were fused from every 1, 2 or 3 sets of CT scans. The GTV volume variation of circular target and the length variation of the cube target along the z axis were contoured and analyzed. Results As motion amplitude increased, the maximum of both circular target volume and cube target length was increased, while the minimum of the factors was decreased. Motion frequency affected the target volume less than amplitude. For a cube target with the length of 3.3 cm at stationary phase, when motion frequencies was 20 and motion amplitude was 2 cm, the maximal length was 2. 4 times of the minimal length (5. 1 cm vs. 2. 1 cm). When it came to the cube target groups fused from every 1,2 and 3 sets of CT scans, the average length and standard deviation were (3.77 ± 1.20) cm, (4.18 ±0. 91)cm and (4.52 ±0. 59) cm, respectively. With the increase of fused scan number, targets became bigger, the standard deviation decreased, and the change of center positions was decreased. Conclusions The motion amplitude, frequency and the number of CT scans are the main factors affecting target definition, though, the optimized scanning phase is not certained. When 4DCT and respiration gating technique are not available,the efficient and practical method to solve this problem is to scan the target three or more times and fuse them in planning system, which will generate a larger, more reproducible GTV volume for moving targets.

Objective To study the correlation between high resolution computed tomography manifestations and expression of transforming growth factor beta,tumor necrosis factor alpha in radiationinduced lung injury of rats,and to investigate the vslues of cytokine detection and HRCT scanning for the prediction and early diagnosis of radiation-induced lung injury.Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD)rats were randomly divided into eight groups,group A was normal control group.and group BH were irradiated with a single dose of 15 Gy to the lungs.HRCT scanning Wag performed before and 1 week,2,4,8,12,16,24 weeks after radiation in group A-H respectively.The expression of TGF-beta and TNF-alpha were detected with ELISA. All the rats were killed to observe pathological changes of their lungs.HRCT signs,levels of cytokine were simultaneously compared and analyzed.The t-test and Spenrman rank correlation were used for the statistics.Results Four HRCT signs were observed during the 24 weeks after radiation,including ground-glass opacity(1 case),patchy consolidation(8 cases),massive consolidation(7 cases)and fibrosis(3 cases).The average levels of TGF-beta in group B-H[(3.33±0.47),(3.20±0.65),(3.12±0.45),(3.54±0.80),(3.30±1.13),(2.49±0.67),(4.19±0.22)μg/L,respectively]were hisher than the control group[(0.45±0.14)μg/L.P＜0.05].At 24 weeks the average level increased to the highest peak[(4.19 4-0.22)μg/L,P＜0.05].At 1 week and 2,4,8,12 weeks after radiation,the average level of TNF-alpha in radiation group[(236.52±29.01),(214.91±34.53),(270.97±42.12),(208.83±86.51),(208.83±82.23)ng/L]was hisher than the control group[(31.78±0.92)ng/L,P＜0.05].The average level increased to the highest peak [(270.97±42.12)ng/L,P＜0.05]at 4 weeks.The average level at 16 and 24 weeks[(60.63±38.49),(32.07±1.05)ng/L]dropped to the level similar to the control group(P＞0.05).There were no rank correlations between HRCT manifestations and expression of TGF-beta and TNF-alpha(rs=0.5570 and 0.1013.P＞0.05).HRCT signs were correlated with pathological changes.Conciusions The monitoring of TGF-beta and TNF.alpha in the serum after irradiation can predict the development of radiation-induced lung injury.There are no rank correlations between HRCT manifestations and expression of TGF-beta and TNF-alpha.

Objective To investigate the experimental condition of separate purification and directed differentiation potency of pancreatic stem cells of adult rats in vitro. Methods The pancreas of adult rats were digested by collagenase V in situ perfusion. Filtration was performed by 100 mesh filter. Ficoll 400 density gradient centrifugation was used to separate pancreatic stem cells and stem cells were for cultivation. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was added to medium for in vitro cultivation.Immunofluorescence staining method was used to detect the expression of CK19, Pdx-1, nestin, insulin and glucagon, and the positive cell rate was calculated. The differentiated cell was evaluated by dithizone (DTZ)staining; insulin excretion function was determined by optical enzyme labeled ELISA staining. Results The pancreatic stem cell obtained from the study could be cultivated in vitro for 8 generations. The expression of CK19, Pdx-1 and nestin of the tem cells were all positive, and the rate of positive cells were (88.6 ± 6.2)% ,(84.6 ±8.6)% and (81.3 ±7.5)%. The differentiated cell was in brownish red color by DTZ dye. After high concentration sugar stimulation, the expression of insulin secretion was increased in the supernatant.Conclusions This method can harvest highly purified, and large amount of pancreatic duct stem cell.Artificial induction may result directed differentiate for islet-like clusters and have insulin secrete function.

Objective A method was established for genotyping of hepatitis B virus (HBV A-D genotype),based on the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) created by Hinf Ⅰ,Ear Ⅰ,Apo Ⅰ action on an amplified segment of the S region.Methods Clinical diagnosis research.One hundred and twenty-eight HBV S sequences obtained from GeneBank were analyzed for restriction enzyme sites that would be genotype-specific.Restriction patterns following digestion with restriction enzymes Hif Ⅰ,Ear Ⅰ,Apo Ⅰ were determined to identify A-D HBV genotypes.The method was used to detect the HBV genotype of fifty severe hepatitis patients due to chronic hepatitis B in China.Then the detection results were confirmed by direct sequencing.Results The new genotyping method was established,named simple PCR-RFLP,which could identify HBV genotypes A to D.Genotypes B,C,B/C and A or D could be determined by a single step digestion with Hif Ⅰ.Eight patients of genotype A/B/C classified by single step digestion with Hif Ⅰ were conformed as genotype B variant by further digestion and direct sequencing.Extracted randomly and diluted into different concentration,three specimens were tested for genotype of HBV repeatedly and respectively.The results were all in accord with the originals,and the lowest detection limit of HBV DNA was 7 ～ 9 IU/ml.This was particularly useful in China where genotypes B and C were predominant.Twenty-three of genotype B and ten genotype C patients were classified from these fifty severe hepatitis B patients by a single step digestion with Hif Ⅰ through the simple PCR-RFLP method.The same results were also obtained by direct sequencing of PCR products (Kappa =1.00,P =0.001).The simple PCR-RFLP method was superior to direct sequencing in detecting HBV B/C polyinfection (9 cases and 0 case; x2 =18.00,P =0.001).Conclusions Both the sensitivity and repetitiveness of Simple PCR-RFLP method are satisfactory.It is superior to direct sequencing in detecting HBV B/C polyinfection,and simple,convenient.

Objective To explore the relationship between the serum anticardiolipin antibody (ACA),vascular endothelial grow factor (VEGF) concentration and cognitive impairment in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods Totally 128 cases with acute ischemic stroke were admmitted in stroke unit ward of our hospital during June 2014 to December 2014.According to the score of Montreal cognitive assessnent (MoCA),128 patients with ischemic stroke were divided into groups A (53 cases with cognitive impairment) and group B (75 cases without cognitive impairment).The concentrations of serum ACA,VEGF were quantitatively determinated by ELISA.The differences of serum ACA,VEGF concentrations were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with normal cognitive function group,the cognitive impairment patients had significantly higher ACA concentration ((0.86±0.16) mg/L vs (0.52±0.08) mg/L,P＜0.01),and lower VEGF concentration ((197.60±7.48) pg/ml vs (205.80±8.52) pg/ml,P＜0.05).Logistic regression revealed that ACA and VEGF were independent effect factors for cognitive impairment (ACA:B =2.841,OR =0.33,95 ％ CI =0.118-0.926,P=0.025.V EGF:B =-1.674,OR =4.99,95％ CI =1.688-4.741,P=0.034).Conclusion ACA and VEGF may play an important role in cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND:Recent studies have shown that adipose-derivedmesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) not only have multilineage differentiation potential, but also exert an important role in blood sugar balance and hormone production.OBJECTIVE:To observe the differentiation potential of human ADMSCs (hADMSCs) into functional islet-like cells and the therapeutic effect of hADMSCs transplantation in diabetic rats.METHODS:PDX-1 gene was transfected into hADMSCs by adenovirus. Cell differentiation and insulin secretion were identified and detected by dithizone staining and ELISA, respectively. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (n=4), diabetes group (n=8) and transplantation group (n=8). Rats in the latter two groups were subjected to making diabetic models by 65 mg/kg streptozotocin injection. Afterwards, rats in the transplantation group were given PDX-1 transfected ADMSCs via the tail vein.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 15 days after transfection, the number of insulin positive cells and insulin secretion were both increased significantly (P < 0.05). Fasting glucose levels in the transplantation group decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while the body weight increased significantly (P < 0.05). In the diabetic group, the fasting glucose level still maintained at a high level, and the body weight of rats was significantly decreased. These results implicated that PDX-1 gene could induce hADMSCs differentiating into functional islet-like cells. PDX-1 transfected ADMSCs transplantation is effective in treating diabetic rats, but the mechanism needs further study.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the combination of dexmedetomidine and sufentanil on monitoring anesthesia care during burr-hole surgery for patients with chronic subdural hematoma. Methods 96 pa-tients underwent burr-hole surgery for chronic subdural hematoma with MAC were randomly divided into two groups:Group D and Group DS (n=48 in each group). Local anesthetic block was started at least 10 min after DEX and sufentanil infusion. Ramsay sedation scale of the two groups was maintained to 3. Anesthesia onset time, hemo-dynamics, the amount of rescue midazolam or fentanyl, the time to first dose of rescue midazolam or fentanyl, the to-tal number of intraoperative patient movements, postoperative recovery time, patient and surgeon satisfaction scores, and the adverse events were recorded. Results Compared with group D, anesthesia onset time was significantly less in group DS (13.68 ± 3.13 vs. 11.82 ± 2.43 min, P=0.002). More patients in group D required rescue midazol-am to achieve RSS=3 compared with group DS (31.25%15/48 vs. 12.50%6/48, P=0.023). Compared with group D, significantly fewer patients in group DS required rescue fentanyl to relieve pain (10.42%5/48 vs. 27.08%13/48, P = 0.036). Additionally, the total dose of rescue fentanyl in group DS was significantly higher (89.48 ± 23.27 vs. 125.28 ± 33.52μg, P=0.000), and the time to first dose of rescue fentanyl was longer than group D(18.34 ± 4.45 vs. 14.34 ± 3.63 min, P=0.000). The total number of patient movements during the burr-hole surgery was higher in group D than group DS (35.42%17/48 vs. 16.67%8/48, P=0.036). The time to recovery for discharge from the PA-CU (time to an Aldrete score ≥ 9) was significantly shorter in group DS compared with group D (17.54 ± 5.92 vs. 12.57 ± 5.28 min, P=0.000). Results from the patient and surgeon satisfaction scores showed significant differenc-es favoring group DS (P<0.05). More patients in group D showed higher levels of the overall incidence of bradycar-dia (37.50% 18/48 vs. 18.75% 9/48, P = 0.041) and hypotension(37.50%18/48 vs. 14.58%79/48, P=0.011)com-pared with group DS. Conclusions Compared with DEX alone, DEX-sufentanil associated with fewer number of in-traoperative patient movements, less amount of rescue scheme, could be safely and efficiently used for MAC during burr-hole surgery for patients with chronic subdural hematoma.