[Objective] To observe the effects of Oysters, Abalone shel , Concha arcae, Mother-of-pearl, Concha cypraeae, Clamshel , these six testacean TCM on the goiter rats. [Method] 72 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into nine groups:normal group, model group, positive group and six testacean TCM groups. Rats were given daily propylthiouracil (0.15 g·kg-1), continuous modeling for 10d, weighing thyroid wet weight,assaying T3, T4 and TSH contents in serum by ELISA, observing the morphological changes of thyroid under light microscope. [Result] Rats in the model group compared with normal group in-creased the relative weight of thyroid, reduced the content of T3,T4, and there was a significant difference( P<0.01), thyroid fol icular epithelial cellhyperplasia was obvious;compared with the model group, Oysters and Clamshel group made the content of T3,T4 in rat rebound, and there was a significant difference (P<0.05);Oyster and Clamshel group’s thyroid fol icular cellhyperplasia were not obvious, while the hyperplasia had different levels for the other 4 kinds of testacean TCM. [Conclusion] Oysters and Clamshel were better to improve the thyroid function of the goiter model rats.

Objective To explore the significance and value of the anti-nucleosome antibodies(AnuA)in the diagnosis of system-ic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods The serum AnuA was detected in 177 patients with SLE,138 patients with other rheumat-ic diseases and 56 healthy controls by Western blot.The clinical manifestations,autoantibodies and other test results were recorded in the SLE patients.The AnuA and other autoantibodies were analyzed.Results The positive rate of AnuA in the SLE group was significantly higher than that in the disease control group,AnuA was negative in the healthy control group;the sensitivity of AnuA in the SLE group was 48.6% and the specificity was 95.3%;the sensitivity of AnuA was significantly higher than that of the anti-ds-DNA antibodies and anti-Sm antibodies,the difference had statistical significance (P <0.05).The specificity of AnuA was higher than that of ANA and histone (P <0.05 ).The sensitivity of joint detection of AnuA,anti-ds-DNA and anti-Sm antibodies was 89.8%,which was significantly higher than that of a single index detection.The positive rate of AnuA in the active period of SLE was significantly higher than that of the non-active period,moreover higher than that of the ds-DNA antibodies (P <0.05).Conclu-sion AnuA might participate in the pathogenesis of SLE.The joint detection of autoantibodies including AnuA,etc.has importance significance in the diagnosis,condition judgment and curative efficacy evaluation of SLE.

Progression of tumor is a complex process with multiple steps and multiple factors.MicroRNA-296 (miR-296) plays an important role in tumor progression,involved in the proliferation,differentiation,angiogenesis,invasion,metastasis,apoptosis and drug resistance of the tumor cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide ( CGRP ) in inducing os-teogenic differentiation of rat precartilaginous stem cells in vitro and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Rat pre-cartilaginous stem cells ( PSCs) were cultured in complete osteogenesis medium containing DMEM/F-12 medium and different concentrations (0, 10-8,10-9,10-10mol/L) of CGRP, the morphology changes of PSCs were observed. The proliferation of PSCs was examined at different time points by CCK-8. All the PSCs were then randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. The PSCs in the experimental group were cultured in complete osteogenesis medium with 10-10 mol/L CGRP , while the control group cultured merely in complete osteogenesis medium was re-ceived no special intervention. Both groups were stained by Alizarin Red and the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was detected. The osteogenic genes (RUNX2,OPN and BGP) were measured by use of RT-PCR. The activa-tion of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was tested by using Western blotting to evaluate the effect of CGRP . Results Compared to the control group ( the concentration of CGRP was 0 mol/L) , the concentration of ALP was significantly higher in the experimental group, calcium deposition was significantly more obvious, and the expression of the osteogenic genes such as RUNX2,OPN and BGP as well as theβ-catenin protein expression were up-regulated significantly. However, CGRP had no effect on cell proliferation. Conclusion CGRP activated Wnt/β-catenin sig-nal pathway and induced osteogenic differentiation of precartilaginous stem cells.

Inquiry is the main method of history taking. The training should not be limited to the medical inpatients inquiry. Different training scenes should be taken. The outpatient history inquiry needs a similar clinic room and set time limit, and focuses on key point history inquiry as well as document writing. Some principles in emergency inquiry are introduced, such as SAMPLE principle. The key points of inquiry of different patients including elderly patients, child patients, traumatic patients and drug addiction patients are also introduced. Through the combination of theory and practice mode, the group discussion and role-play, different scenes design and standardized patients application, reasonable design of teaching hours and content distribution, as well as feedback in time, optimal teaching effect can be finally achieved.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of preoperative panel reactive antibody(PRA)levels on long-term survival after kidney transplantation. Methods:Data on 1 162 patients underwent first kidney transplantation performed between January 2001 and June 2014 were included in our center. According to the preoperative PRA levels,the patients were divided into negative group( PRA≤10%) and positive group( PRA>10%) ,which were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The 1-,5-,10-year patient survival rates of the negative group calculated by Kaplan-Meier were 96. 8%,89. 4%,78. 6%,respectively,while the positive group were 93. 5%,81. 6%, 65. 4%. The 1-,5-,10 -year death-censored graft survival rates of the negative group were 95. 9%,84. 8%,63. 1%,respectively,while the positive group were 92. 3%,74. 1%,51. 9%. The log-rank test revealed that there was significant difference between the patient and graft survival curves (χ2 =9. 623/11. 019, P=0. 002/0. 001 ) . Cox multivariate analysis found that preoperative PRA levels were independent risk factors for reducing the patient or graft survival rates(P<0. 001). Logistic multivariate regression analysis confirmed the significant association between preoperative PRA levels and the risk of acute rejection ( OR=8. 25,95% CI=2. 86-5. 72, P<0. 001). The 5-,10-year creatinine values were significantly lower in the negative group compared to the positive group(all P<0. 05), while there was no difference in the 1-year. In addition, Logistic multivariate regression analysis confirmed the significant association between preoperative PRA levels and the production of donor specific antibody(DSA)(OR=6. 89,95% CI=4. 52-9. 17,P<0. 05). Conclusion: The detection of preoperative PRA is an important indictor predicting the sensitivity status of the recipients. The preoperative PRA positive recipients need careful monitoring and diagnosis of acute rejection and DSA after kidney transplantation.

To observe the effects of diabetogenic (high fat high sucrose, lacking choleserol) diet on atherogenesis in New Zealand white rabbits. Two groups of New Zealand white rabbits received regular rabbit chow (the normal control), or high fat high sucrose diet for 4 months. The levels of plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and glucose were investigated, the areas of fatty streak of the aortae were measured after staining with Sodan IV, and the aortic, coronary specimens were observed with light and electron microscopies. The plasma glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were increased significantly by high fat high sucrose feeding. At the end of 4 months, the early charateristics of atherosclerosis were present in the animals' vascular specimens. Our findings suggest that high fat high sucrose feeding can induce hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis in New Zealand white rabbits, and this could be a potential animal model for studying the mechanisms of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. This study raised a question: What is the mechanism by which high fat high sucrose feeding induces atherosclerosis?. The related hypothesis was given in this article.

AIM: Based on the finding of adipophilin expression with the increase in cellular cholesterol, the aim of the present study was to look for the active site of adipophilin in cellular cholesteryl metabolism. METHODS: Mouse peritoneal macrophages were incubated with 80 mg/L Ox-LDL (Ox-LDL group) or 80 mg/L Ox-LDL plus 1 mmol/L adipophilin antisense oligonucleotides (Ox-LDL+antisense group), respectively. At the various time points, the incubated cell samples were observed with adipophilin immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometric analysis and cellular cholesterol analysis. RESULTS: The Ox-LDL+antisense group cells contained significantly lower cholesteryl ester (19.9?1.9) mg/g (protein) than that of cells in Ox-LDL group (46.6?3.4) mg/g (protein) at 4 days. From 12 h, expression of adipophilin in Ox-LDL group increased more quickly than that of the cells in Ox-LDL+antisense group. At day 4, the level of adipophilin expression in Ox-LDL group was significantly higher than that in Ox-LDL+antisense group. During the observation, the amount of Ox-r[CL-3H] LDL taking up increased gradually in both groups, however, from day 1 the taking up amount in Ox-LDL+antisense group was less than that in Ox-LDL group. There was a statistical difference between the two groups from day 2 to day 4. From 6 h to day 2, the relative ACAT activity increased in both groups. The relative ACAT activity kept unchanged from day 2 to day 4 in the two groups. At day 2, the relative ACAT activity in Ox-LDL+antisense group was significantly lower than that in Ox-LDL group. Correlative analysis between activity of ACAT and adipophilin expression showed than R2 were 0.6176 and 0.8212 (P

AIM: To investigate the relationship betw een ADRP and the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS: Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of mouse ADRP was constr ucted. The mouse peritoneum macrophages were cultured with Ox-LDL or Ox-LDL plus the antisense fragment. The cellular cholesterol was measured and the expressio n of ADRP was observed with RT-PCR and western blotting. New Zealand white rabbi ts were fed with high cholesterol chow for 12 weeks. The levels of serum lipid a nd cholesterol content of aortic wall were investigated. The areas of fatty stre ak of the aortas was measured after staining with Sudan Ⅳ. The aortic, and live r specimens with HE and immunohistochemistry staining were observed under light microscopes. RESULTS: Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides of mouse ADRP decreased cellular cholesterol ester, induced cellular lipid droplets and the expression of ADRP. The expression of ADRP was induced by high-cholesterol-diet feeding in rabbit atherosclerotic lesions. The fatty streak of the aorta with immunohistoch emistry staining was strongly positive for ADRP in animals fed with high cholest erol chow, and the liver was negative with or without high cholesterol chow. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of ADRP in vessel walls is related t o the atherosclerosis, and has a potential role in lipid accumulation in macroph ages and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and angiographic outcomes of balloon dilation angioplasty,balloon-expandable stent implantation and self-expanding stent implantation in the treatment of intracranial arterial stenosis.Methods The patients with intracranial arterial stenosis who met the indications of surgical intervention treated with balloon dilatation angioplasty and stent placement were selected from Nanjing Stroke Registry Program.According to the different interventional procedures,the patients were divided into the balloon expandable stenting goup,the self-expanding stents group and the balloon dilatation angioplasty group.The success rate of surgery,the perioperative complication rate and the significant residual stenosis rate were compared among the three groups.The clinical and angiographic assessments were performed through 1-,3-,6-,12- and 24-month regular outpatient or inpatient follow-up after procedure.The incidences of ischemic stroke and/or death and restenosis within 2 years were compared.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for recurrent ischemic stroke and/or death and restenosis.Results A total of 183 patients with 192 stenoses performed balloon dilatation angioplasty or stenting,in which 92 were in the balloon expandable stenting goup,42 were in the self-expanding stents goup and 49 in the balloon dilatation angioplasty group.Their preoperative stenosis rates were 80.2 ±12.8％ 、76.3 ± 11.9％ and 89.7 ± 10.2％,respectively (F =15.863,P =0.000).There were no significant differences in other baseline data.The success rates of surgery in the balloon expandable stenting group,self-expanding stents group and balloon dilatation angioplasty group were 96.7％,95.2％ and 91.8％,respectively (x2 =1.646,P =0.439).The perioperative complication rates were 6.5％,14.3％ and 10.2％,respectively (Fisher exact test,P=0.334).The imaging follow-up showed that the restenosis rate in the balloon dilatation angioplasty group was 48.5％.Although it was high than 27.7％ in the balloon expandable stenting group and 34.8％ in the self-expanding stents group,there were no significant differences (x2 =4.176,P =0.124).Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that balloon dilatation angioplasty was an independent risk factor for restenosis after procedure (hazard ratio 2.490,95％ confidence interval 1.247- 4.969,P=0.010).Conclusions Compared to the balloon expandable stenting,the balloon dilatation angioplasty is more likely to have restenosis,but it is not associated with the risks of postoperative recurrent ischemic stroke and/or death.