AIM:Recently it was found that loss of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) was associated with normal pregnancy in rabbits. The purpose of this study is to further investigate whether the same events occurred in nonhuman primates. METHODS:Mid-pregnant cynomolgus monkeys were randomly selected. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) or balanced salt solution was inoculated in anterior chamber of eyes of nonpregnant and mid-pregnant monkeys that were subsequently immunized with BSA in adjuvant and then skin was challenged for delayed-type hypersensitivity with BSA. RESULTS: Non-pregnant monkeys of intracameral BSA were able to acquire antigen-specific suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity. By contrast, inoculation of BSA to anterior chamber of pregnant monkeys abolished the DTH-suppression effect. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration in primates that loss of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation occurred during normal pregnancy. The fluctuations of systemic hormone levels during normal pregnancy might influence local immunoregulation within the eye.

Objective: To investigate effect of soyasaponins in the prevention of hyperlipidemia in mice and its molecular mechanism. Methods: 56 healthy mice were randomly divided into 7 groups according to their levels of TC in serum: normal control, high fat control, high fat with 20mg/kg.d gypenosides,high fat with soyasaponins of four doses(5 mg/kg.d, 10mg/kg.d, 20mg/kg.d, 30 mg/kg.d). Results: As compared to high fat control soyasaponins significantly reduced the serum TC, LDL-C, TG concentrations, and increased the HDL-C levels distinctly. They significantly deceased MDA content, increased the activities of SOD and LPL in liver. The results of RT-PCR showed that high fat feeding could induce the reduction of LPL mRNA expression, while soyasaponins could increase it. Conclusion: Soyasoponins prevent hyperlipidemia through upregulation of LPL mRNA expression and increase of antioxidative capacity.

Objective To explore the classification , age , ratio of gender , to provide clinical basis for prevention and treatment of pediatric eye diseases. Methods Clinical data of 0-14 year old patients with eye diseases from January 1993 to December 2014 were collected and analysized. Results The total rate of boy and girl is 2.14:1. Boys with ocular trauma were much more than girls , and the ratio of boy and girl is 3.7:1. The peak occurrence age of ocular trauma was 8 to 11 year old , 0-7 year old children with eye diseases mainly contained congenital diseases such as congenital cataract and congenital ptosis. Children between 7 to 14 year old were more liability to intermittent exotropia and accommodative esotropia. Retinopathy of prematurity was the most common eyeground disease. The most popular tumor were major in corneal dermoid and retinal glioblastoma, potential age was 1-6 year old. Conclusion Pediatric eye diseases should be paid more attention. Ocular examination were needed to be done periodically , primary diseases should be treated early , occurrence should be prevented depending on different ages , to protect the ocular function of children.

Objective Experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU) is a useful model for human anterior uveitis. The purpose of this study was to observe whether EAAU development could be prevented by anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID). Methods Bovine melanin protein (BMP) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected into the anterior chamber of the right eye of rats; control animals were injected with PBS alone. Seven days later, all animals were immunized with BMP in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and pertussis toxin. The severity and incidence of uveitis was monitored by clinical examination and histopathology. The delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses were evaluated by footpad swelling elicited by injection of BMP.Results Rats intraocularly injected with BMP showed a reduced severity and incidence of EAAU, and significantly suppressed DTH response compared to control rats.Conclusion These data suggest that the ACAID procedure can be utilized to prevent the development of EAAU.

AIM:To determine whether the vitreous cavity (VC) is capable of supporting the induction of deviant immune response to retinal soluble (S) antigen and to observe the influence of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on the immunologic properties of the VC. METHODS: Retinal S antigen was inoculated into the anterior chamber (AC) and VC in Wistar rats. Seven days after antigen inoculation, the recipient animals were immunized with S antigen and complete Freund's adjuvant. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was then assessed by footpad challenge. To alter systemic immune conditions, IL-1 was administrated by intraperitoneal injection. RESULTS: Antigen-specific DTH did not develop in rats in which S antigen was injected into the AC and the VC. In contrast, strong DTH was elicited by S antigen injected into the AC and VC if IL-1 was administrated systemically for 7 consecutive days after the antigen challenge. CONCLUSION: The VC is capable of supporting immune deviation to soluble antigen by actively suppressing antigen-specific DTH. Systemic administration of exogenous IL-1 eliminates the capacity of the VC to support immune deviation inducing by soluble antigen injected locally.

Objective: To analyze and identify the carotenoid in gingko seed.Methods: The chemical composition of the pigment from gingko seed was identified as carotenoid by UV absorption spectrum. Its content was determined by spectrophotometric method and its composition was analyzed and identified by thin-layer chromatography and HPLC method.Results: Gingko contained carotenoids, roughly about 489 ?g/100 g in which lutein, ?-carotene and ?-carotene amounted to 69.20%,15.80% and 7.45% respectively. Conclusion: Gingko contained large quantity of carotenoids, mainly lutein, and next in order ?-carotene and ?-carotene.

Objective: To observe the effects of carotenoids extracts from Potamogoton crispus L. (CEPC) on proliferation and apoptosis of Hela cell line. Method: The cell growth inhibition was tested in MTT assay and cell cycle arrest was measured by flow cytometry (FCM). Apoptotic cells were observed by fluorescent microscope and Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). LSCM was also used to determine the Ca2+ concentration in cells. Results: CEPC had strong inhibition effects on the cell growth. The cell cycle progression was arrested at G2/M phase. The typical characteristics of apoptotic cells such as chromatin condensation were observed by the fluorescent microscope and LSCM. The concentration of intracellular Ca2+ was remarkably increased after treatment of CEPC as compared with the control. Conclusion: Apoptosis of Hela cell line is the important anticancer mechanism of CEPC and the increase of intracellular Ca2+ level might participate in the process.

Objective To investigate the difference in ocular surface microbiota between dry eye patients and healthy subjects,and discuss the role of microbiota in dry eye.Methods Twenty cases of dry eye patients and 90 cases of healthy subjects were collected in the PLA General Hospital and Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center.The samples of conjunctiva impression cytology were collected from all subjects,and then metagenomic shotgun sequencing was performed following the DNA extraction.The differences in alpha diversity and metabolic pathways of the ocular surface microbiota between dry eye patients and healthy subjects were evaluated.Results There was no significant difference in alpha diversity of the microbial community between dry eye patients and healthy subjects (P =0.13).However,an increase of 15 species and a decrease of 10 species were detected on the ocular surface of dry eye patients.The enriched antibiotic resistance genes in dry eye patients were more than healthy subjects.Conclusion Although the alpha diversity of the microbial community on ocular surface between dry eye patients and healthy subjects are not distinguishable,a significant difference could be found in relative abundance and metabolic pathways,suggest that these specific microbiome may be related to the pathogenesis and disease progression of dry eye.

A comprehensive analytical method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of active components and anti-diabetic) drugs in propolis health foods. The samples were extracted by ultrasound extraction with methanol). The insoluble residue of extract was removed by freeze-centrifuging. The analysis was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC C_(18)) column(50 mm ×1 mm, i.d., 1.7 μm) utilizing a gradient elution profile and a mobile phase of 0.3% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The analytes were detected using an electro spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was based on the peak area of the parent ion and two fragment ions. The LOD and LOQ level for 14 active components ranged from 0.7 mg/kg to 42.0 mg/kg and 2.2 mg/kg to 140 mg/kg respectively, and recoveries were 77.8%-113.6%, with the intra- and inter-day precision less than 15%. The LOD and LOQ level for 9 anti-diabetics) ranged from 0.1 mg/kg to 0.9 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg to 2.5 mg/kg respectively, and recoveries) were 79.3%-108.5%, with the intra- and inter-day precision less than 15%. The method is simple) and sensitive, and can be used for quality control of propolis.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of multiplex allele-specific PCR assays for simultaneous detection of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA A1555G and C1494T mutations associated with aminoglycoside-induced hearing impairment.Methods Three standard plasmids of different genotypes (wild-type, A1555G mutant and C1494T mutant) were constructed for templates and allele-specific primers aiming directly at wild-type and mutant of mitochondrial DNA nt1555 and nt1494 were designed for developing a multiplex allele-specific PCR technique to detect the A1555G and C1494T mutations.Then the method was applied to clinical screening of 138 non-syndromic hearing loss subjects and confirmed by DNA sequencing.Results Multiplex allele-specific PCR was successfully applied to the detection of A1555G and C1494T mutations in a cohort of 138 Han Chinese genetically unrelated hearing-loss subjects.Finally, 11(7.97%) unrelated affected subjects harbored the A1555G and C1494T mutations in the 12S rRNA gene(10 cases for A1555G and 1 cases for C1494T), which was well consistent with results of DNA sequencing [7.97%(11/138), Kappa=1.000, P＜0.01].Conclusion This study indicates that the multiplex allele-specific PCR assay is useful, convenient and reliable in the detection of the A1555G and C1494T mutations, which could identify the subjects at risk and effectively prevent of aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss.