Objective:To investigate a potential role of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) ,a pathogen pattern recognition receptor, in the early phase of severely burned rats. Methods: Rats burn model(30% of total body surface area[TBSA],Ⅲgrade) were established with vapor at 108 C for 8 seconds. Rats were sacrificed before and 2,5,12,24,48 and 72 h after burning, and the spleen specimens and peripheral blood samples were harvested. TLR4 mRNA and TNF-?mRNA expression in splenocyte was measured by reverse-transcription PCR(RT-PCR); the expression of TLR4 protein were measured by Western bloting; the endothelial toxicity concentration in plasma was detected by limulus lysate test. Results: It was found that the expression of TLR4 mRNA.TNF-?mRNA,TLR4 protein,and the level of ET were significantly increased in burned group compared with normal control group. The expression of TLR4 mRNA and protein peaked at 8 h after burning, the expession of TNF-?mRNA peaked at 12 h.and the level of ET peaked at 8 h after burnings the peak values of them were (3. 66?0. 51),(2. 27?0. 19), (1.65?0. 23),and (11. 68?2. 63) Eu/ml, respectively, all significantly higher than those of the control group(P

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical therapeutic effect and safety of solifenacin suceinate in the treatment of overactive bladder symptom after benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)operation.MethodsAmong 115 patients receiving BPH surgery,58 cases were given solifenacin at bedtime 4 d after surgery for 20 d (treatment group),and 57 cases were given anisodamine after surgery (control group).The urination of patients before and after pulling out catheter were observed,and urodynamic examination,international prostatic symptoms score (IPSS) and overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) were used to evaluate urination status.ResultsIn treatment group,IPSS and OABSS decreased from 28.3 to 11.3 score and from (14.2±1.2) to (2.9±0.7) score before and after treatment,respectively (P＜0.01).In control group,IPSS and OABSS decreased from 27.3 to 11.8 score (P＜0.01) and from (14.2±1.6) to (11.3±1.1) score before and after treatment,respectively (P＞0.05).ConclusionsThe proper use of solifenacin after prostate operation may release bladder distress and facilitate rehabilitation in patients with overactive bladder symptom.

Duck circovirus(DuCV),a potential immunosuppressive virus,was investigated in Southern China from March 2006 to December 2009 by using a polymerase chain reaction(PCR)based method. In this study,a total of 138 sick or dead duck samples from 18 different farms were examined with an average DuCV infection rate of～35%. It was found that ducks between the ages of 40～60 days were more susceptible to DuCV. There was no evidence showing that the DuCV virus was capable of vertical transmission. Farms with positive PCR results exhibited no regularly apparent clinical abnormalities such as feathering disorders,growth retardation or lower-than-average weight. The complete genomes of 9. strains from Fujian Province and 1 from Zhejiang Province were sequenced and analyzed. The 10 DuCV genomes,compared with others genomes downloaded from GenBank,ranged in size from 1988 to 1996 base pairs,with sequence identities ranging from 83.2% to 99.8%. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome sequences demonstrated that DuCVs can be divided into two distinct genetic genotypes,Group I(the Euro-USA lineage)and Group II(the Taiwan lineage),with approximately 10.0% genetic difference between the two types. Molecular epidemiological data suggest there is no obvious difference among DuCV strains isolated from different geographic locations or different species,including Duck,Muscovy duck,Mule duck,Cheery duck,Mulard duck and Pekin duck.

OBJECTIVETo observe and compare the effects of two kinds of lung recruitment maneuvers, namely sustained inflation (SI) and incremental positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (IP) on oxygenation, respiratory mechanics, and hemodynamics of dogs with severe smoke inhalation injury.

METHODSAfter being treated with conventional mechanical ventilation, 12 dogs were inflicted with severe smoke inhalation injury. They were divided into group SI and group IP according to the random number table, with 6 dogs in each group. Dogs in group SI were subjected to continuous positive airway pressure ventilation, with inspiratory pressure of 25 cmH2O (1 cmH2o = 0. 098 kPa), and it was sustained for 20 s. PEEP level in group IP was gradually increased by 5 cmH2O every 5 min up to 25 cmH2O, and then it was decreased by 5 cmH2O every 5 min until reaching 2-3 cmH2O. Then the previous ventilation mode was resumed in both groups for 8 hours. Blood gas analysis (pH value, PaO2, and PaCO2), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory mechanics parameters [peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), mean airway pressure, and dynamic lung compliance], and hemodynamic parameters [heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), and cardiac output (CO)] were recorded or calculated before injury, immediately after injury, and at post ventilation hour (PVH) 2, 4, 6, 8. Data were processed with analysis of variance of repeated measurement and LSD-t test.

RESULTS(1) At PVH 6 and 8, pH values of dogs in group SI were significantly lower than those in group IP (with t values respectively 2. 431 and 2. 261, P values below 0.05); PaO2 levels in group SI [(87 ± 24), (78 ± 14) mmHg, 1 mmHg =0. 133 kPa] were lower than those in group IP [ (114 ± 18) , (111 ± 17) mmHg, with t values respectively 2. 249 and 3.671, P <0.05 or P <0.01]; OI values in group SI were significantly higher than those in group IP (with t values respectively 2.363 and 5.010, P <0.05 or P <0.01). No significant differences were observed in PaCO2 level within each group or between the two groups (with t values from 0. 119 to 1. 042, P values above 0.05). Compared with those observed immediately after injury, the pH values were significantly lowered (except for dogs in group IP at PVH 6 and 8, with t values from 2.292 to 3.222, P <0.05 or P <0.01), PaO2 levels were significantly elevated (with t values from 4. 443 to 6.315, P <0.05 or P <0.01), and OI values were significantly lowered (with t values from 2.773 to 9.789, P <0.05 orP <0.01) in both groups at all the treatment time points. (2) The PIP level at each time point showed no significant differences between two groups (with t values from 0. 399 to 1. 167, P values above 0. 05). At PVH 4 and 8, the mean airway .pressure values of dogs in group SI were significantly higher than those in group IP (with t values respectively 1.926 and 1. 190, P values below 0.05). At PVH 4, 6, and 8, the dynamic lung compliance levels of dogs in group SI [(9.5 ± 1.9), (12.8 ± 2. 1), (13. 1 ± 1.8) mL/cmH2O] were significantly lower than those in group IP [(11.6 ± 1.2), (15.4 ± 1.8), (14.9 ± 0.8) mL/cmH2O], with t values respectively 2. 289, 2. 303, 2. 238, P values below 0.05. Compared with those observed immediately after injury, PIP and the mean airway pressure values of dogs in two groups were significantly lowered at each treatment time point (with t values from 2. 271 to 7. 436, P <0. 05 or P < 0.01); the dynamic lung compliance levels were significantly elevated in both groups at PVH 6 and 8 (with t values from 2. 207 to 4. 195, P < 0.05 or P <0.01). (3) Heart rate, MAP, and PAP levels at each time point between two groups showed no significant differences (with t values from 0. 001 to 1. 170, P values above 0. 05). At PVH 4, 6, and 8, CO levels in group IP [(0. 6 + 0. 3), (0. 6 + 0. 4), (0. 5 + 0. 7) L/min] were significantly lower than those in group SI [(1.5 0.7), (1.8 + 1.1), (1.6 +0.9) L/min], with t values respectively 3. 028, 2.511, 2.363, P values below 0.05. Compared with that observed immediately after injury, CO level in group IP was significantly lowered at PVH 4, 6, or 8 (with t values respectively 2. 363, 2. 302, 2. 254, P values below 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSBoth lung recruitment maneuvers can effectively improve oxygenation and lung compliance of dogs with severe smoke inhalation injury. IP is more effective in improving lung compliance, while SI shows less impact on the hemodynamic parameters.

Animals ; Blood Gas Analysis ; veterinary ; Dogs ; Hemodynamics ; Lung Compliance ; physiology ; Oxygen ; blood ; Oxygen Consumption ; physiology ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; methods ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Mechanics ; Severity of Illness Index ; Smoke ; adverse effects ; Smoke Inhalation Injury ; physiopathology ; therapy

Objective To introduce a self-developed computer-assisted design/rapid prototyping and guidance system used for precise placement of the acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty.Methods We collected the preoperative pelvic CT scanning data of 10 hips with aeetabular dysplasia that had undergone primary total hip arthroplasty from January 2016 to January 2017.The total time for import of radiographic images,model reconstruction,model segmentation,acetabular component position design and STL model export was calculated and compared between our self-designed software and Mimics vl 7.0.Three kinds of STL model from each case were imported into our self-developed 3D printing device,Stratasys Objet30 and Stratasys Demension SST1200es respectively for rapid prototyping.The printing efficiency and accuracy were compared among the 3 printers.The accuracy of placing acetabular component with guidance system was evaluated.Results The average time forpreoperative planningwas7.7±1.3 minbyourself-designedsoftware and 52.5 ± 15.9 min by Mimics v17.0,showing a significant difference (P ＜ 0.001).In morphological point-based comparison for each case,the 3D models exported by the 2 different kinds of software showed an average difference of 0.072 1 ± 0.069 1 mm.The average durations for rapid prototyping by the 3 different printers were 5.3 ± 0.6 h,10.8 ± 0.5 h,and 9.3 ± 0.6 h,respectively,showing significant differences (P ＜ 0.001).The guidance system resulted in precise placement.The locations of the acetabular component achieved by guide-assisted placement were not significantly different from the target ones (P ＞ 0.05).Conelusion Our self-developed preoperative planning software,rapid prototyping device and guidance apparatus for acetabular component placement may lead to good accuracy and high efficiency.

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of visceral fat area(VFA) on laparoscopic radical gastrectomy and short-term outcome in patients with gastric carcinoma.

METHODSClinicopathological and imaging data of 202 patients with gastric cancer who were treated by laparoscopic radical gastrectomy in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from May 2011 to July 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. VFA of all the patients were measured by CT, of which more than 10 000 m(2) were found in 104 patients(VFA-L group), less than 10 000 m2 in other 98 patients (VFA-S group). Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThere were no differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss and number of harvested lymph node between the two groups(all P>0.05). As compared to VFA-S group, VFA-L group had a higher incidence of conversion to open surgery[9.6%(10/104) vs. 2.0%(2/98), P=0.023], higher complication rate [22.1%(23/104) vs. 10.2%(10/98), P=0.003], longer postoperative fever time [(3.0±1.3) d vs. (2.4±1.1) d, P=0.000], total length of hospital stay [(18.6±11.8) d vs. (15.8±6.0) d, P=0.039]. There were no significant differences in first flatus passage time and total hospitalization costs between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONElevated VFA can raise the difficulty of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, increase the risk of postoperative complication and prolong the postoperative recovery.

Blood Loss, Surgical ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Nodes ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of 17beta-estradiol on the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteoprotegerin in human periodontal ligament cells.

METHODSHuman periodontal ligament cells (hPDLC) were obtained from periodontal tissue explants of teeth extracted for orthodontic treatment ALP activity was determined by PNPP, and OPG protein and corresponding mRNA levels were quantitatively detected by ELISA and RT-PCR RESULTS: ALP activity was significantly increased at 14 days and 21 days (P <0.05). 17beta-E2 of physiological concentration promoted secretion of OPG protein and expression of OPG mRNA (P <0.05). 17beta-E2 with high-dose showed no effect on OPG protein secretion and decrease OPG mRNA expression.

CONCLUSIONS17beta-E2 may have a positive impact on periodontium through promoting expression of ALP and OPG in hPDLC.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Osteoprotegerin ; metabolism ; Periodontal Ligament ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective: To investigate the effects of non-muscle myosin ⅡA (NMⅡA) silenced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the lung damage of rats at early stage of smoke inhalation injury. Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, simple injury, NMⅡA-BMSCs, and BMSCs groups according to the completely random method, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in control group inhaled air normally, while rats in the latter 3 groups inhaled smoke to reproduce model of smoke inhalation injury. At 30 min post injury, rats in simple injury group were injected with 1 mL normal saline via caudal vein, and rats in group BMSCs were injected with 1 mL the fifth passage of BMSCs (1×10⁷/mL), and rats in group NMⅡA-BMSCs were injected with 1 mL NMⅡA silenced BMSCs (1×10⁷/mL). At post injury hour (PIH) 24, abdominal aorta blood and right lung of rats in each group were harvested, and then arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), and pH value were detected by blood gas analyzer. Ratio of wet to dry weight of lung was determined by dry-wet weight method. Pathological changes of lung were observed with HE staining. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected, and then tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) content of BALF was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and least-significant difference test. Results: (1) At PIH 24, compared with those in control group, PaO₂ values of rats in simple injury, BMSCs, and NMⅡA-BMSCs groups were obviously decreased (with P values below 0.05), and PaCO₂ values were obviously increased (with P values below 0.05). Compared with those in simple injury group, PaO₂ values of rats in groups NMⅡA-BMSCs and BMSCs were obviously increased (with P values below 0.05), while PaCO₂ values were obviously decreased (with P values below 0.05). PaO₂ value of rats in group NMⅡA-BMSCs was obviously increased as compared with that in group BMSCs (P<0.05). The pH value of arterial blood of rats in simple injury group was obviously lower than that in control group (P<0.05). (2) At PIH 24, ratios of wet to dry weight of lung of rats in control, simple injury, BMSCs, and NMⅡA-BMSCs groups were 4.36±0.15, 7.79±0.42, 5.77±0.18, and 5.11±0.20, respectively. Compared with that in control group, ratio of wet to dry weight of lung of rats was obviously increased in the other 3 groups (with P values below 0.05). Compared with that in simple injury group, ratio of wet to dry weight of lung of rats was obviously decreased in groups BMSCs and NMⅡA-BMSCs (with P values below 0.05). Compared with that in group BMSCs, ratio of wet to dry weight of lung of rats in group NMⅡA-BMSCs was obviously decreased (P<0.05). (3) At PIH 24, alveolar structure of rats in control group was complete without abnormality. Compared with those in simple injury group, lung injury and infiltration of inflammatory cells of rats in groups BMSCs and NMⅡA-BMSCs were obviously alleviated, and alveolar structure was relatively complete with no thickening of alveolar wall. (4) At PIH 24, compared with that in control group, TNF-α content of BALF of rats in simple injury and BMSCs groups was obviously increased (with P values below 0.05). Compared with that in simple injury group, TNF-α content of BALF in groups BMSCs and NMⅡA-BMSCs was obviously decreased (with P values below 0.05). Compared with that in control group, IL-10 content of BALF in simple injury, NMⅡA-BMSCs and BMSCs groups were obviously increased (with P values below 0.05). Compared with that in simple injury group, IL-10 content of BALF in groups BMSCs and NMⅡA-BMSCs was obviously increased (with P values below 0.05). Compared with that in group BMSCs, IL-10 content of BALF in group NMⅡA-BMSCs was obviously increased (P<0.05). Conclusions NMⅡA silenced BMSCs can alleviate lung damage of rats at early stage of smoke inhalation injury, showing better effectiveness than using BMSCs only.

Objective: To observe the safety and effects of application of analgesic and sedative drugs in severely burned patients during shock stage. Methods: One hundred and eighty patients with severe burns, conforming to the study criteria, were admitted to our unit from August 2014 to August 2016. Patients were divided into analgesia and sedation group and control group according to whether receiving analgesic and sedative treatment or not, with 90 cases in each group. Patients in control group received conventional treatment, while those in analgesia and sedation group received analgesic and sedative treatment for 24 hours besides conventional treatment. Before and at drug administration hour 2, 8, 16, and 24, pain degree of patients in two groups was scored by visual analogue scale (VAS). At drug administration hour 2, 8, 16, and 24, sedation degree of patients in two groups was scored by richmond agitation sedation scale, and the success rate of sedation was calculated. Mental state of patients within 24 hours of drug administration was observed, while pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂), respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure were observed and dynamically evaluated every 2 hours. The accidental extubation, tachycardia, hypertension, hypoxia, bradycardia, hypotension, urinary retention, and respiratory depression of patients within 24 hours of drug administration were monitored and recorded. Data were processed with analysis of variance for repeated measurement, one-way analysis of variance, t test, chi-square test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Fisher′s exact probability test. Results: (1) The VAS scores of patients in two groups were close before drug administration (t=0.675, P>0.05). The VAS scores of patients in analgesia and sedation group at drug administration hour 2, 8, 16, and 24 were (3.8±0.4), (3.9±0.6), (3.9±0.5), and (3.9±0.9) points, respectively, significantly lower than (6.0±0.9), (6.0±1.2), (6.2±0.6), and (6.3±0.4) points in control group (t=0.785, 0.730, 0.805, 0.895, P<0.05). The success rate of sedation of patients in analgesia and sedation group at drug administration hour 2, 8, 16, and 24 were 91.1% (82/90), 86.7% (78/90), 93.3% (84/90), and 90.0% (81/90), respectively, significantly higher than 7.8% (7/90), 6.7% (6/90), 14.4% (13/90), and 5.6% (5/90) in control group (Z=8.035, 7.946, 8.129, 8.014, P<0.05). (2) The respiratory rate of patients in analgesia and sedation group at drug administration hour 8, 16, and 24 were (15.78±0.69), (16.08±0.59), and (16.21±0.20) times per minute, and the heart rate were (87±9), (83±7), and (76±9) times per minute, respectively, significantly lower than (16.80±0.81), (17.09±0.50), and (17.02±0.61) times per minute and (89±8), (86±7), and (85±6) times per minute in control group (t=7.655, 7.022, 6.536, -6.931, -7.053, -10.196, P<0.01). There were no statistically significant difference in SpO₂, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure before and at drug administration hour 2, 8, 16, and 24 between the two groups (t=3.417, -2.894, -6.501, -3.719, -4.573, 2.336, 3.315, 0.942, -1.583, 1.907, 1.147, -0.968, 0.931, -1.682, 1.076, P>0.05). (3) The rates of respiratory depression, hypoxia, bradycardia, urinary retention, and hypotension of patients in the two groups were close (χ²=0.310, P>0.05). The rates of hypertension, accidental extubation, and tachycardia of patients in analgesia and sedation group were significantly lower than those in control group (χ²=16.364, 5.143, 73.309, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions Proper application of analgesic and sedative drugs in severely burned patients during shock stage has good clinical effect with low incidence rates of complications.

Objective: To investigate the effect of recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor 2 (rhKGF-2) on lung tissue of rabbits with severe smoke inhalation injury. Methods: A total of 120 New Zealand rabbits were divided into 5 groups by random number table after being inflicted with severe smoke inhalation injury, with 24 rats in each group. Rabbits in the simple injury group inhaled air, while rabbits in the injury+phosphate buffer solution (PBS) group inhaled 5 mL PBS once daily for 7 d. Rabbits in injury+1 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group, injury+2 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group, and injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group received aerosol inhalation of 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, and 5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 (all dissolved in 5 mL PBS) once daily for 7 d, respectively. On treatment day 1, 3, 5, and 7, blood samples were taken from the ear central artery of 6 rabbits in each group. After the blood was taken, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the tracheal carina tissue and lung were collected. Blood pH value, arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO₂), arterial blood carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO₂), and bicarbonate ion were detected by handheld blood analyzer. The expressions of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in lung tissue were detected by Western blotting. Pathomorphology of lung tissue and trachea was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Data were processed with analysis of variance of two-way factorial design and Tukey test. Results: (1) Compared with those in simple injury group, the blood pH values of rabbits in the latter groups on treatment day 1-7 had no obvious change (P>0.05). The PaO₂ of rabbits in injury+2 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 5 and 7 were (75.0±2.4) and (71.0±4.5) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), respectively, which were significantly higher than (62.0±6.8) and (63.0±3.0) mmHg in simple injury group (q=4.265, 8.202, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The PaO₂ of rabbits in injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 7 was (82.0±4.9) mmHg, which was significantly higher than that in simple injury group (q=6.234, P<0.01). Compared with that in simple injury group, the PaCO₂ of rabbits in injury+2 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 3 was significantly decreased (q=4.876, P<0.01) and significantly increased on treatment day 5 (q=5.562, P<0.01); the PaCO₂ of rabbits in injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group was significantly increased on treatment day 5 and 7 (q=5.013, 4.601, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with that in simple injury group, the serum bicarbonate ion of rabbits in injury+1 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 7 was significantly increased (q=5.142, P<0.01); the serum bicarbonate ion of rabbits in injury+2 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 5 and 7 were significantly increased (q=4.830, 6.934, P<0.01); the serum bicarbonate ion of rabbits in injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 5 were significantly increased (q=3.973, P<0.05). (2) The expressions of SP-A in lung tissue of rabbits in simple injury group and injury+PBS group in each treatment time point were close (P>0.05). The expressions of SP-A in lung tissue of rabbits in injury+2 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group and injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 3 were 0.091±0.007 and 0.101±0.009, respectively, significantly higher than 0.069±0.009 in simple injury group (q=10.800, 13.580, P<0.01). The expressions of SP-A in lung tissue of rabbits in injury+1 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group, injury+2 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group, and injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 5 and 7 were 0.127±0.008, 0.132±0.006, 0.194±0.006, 0.152±0.017, 0.166±0.004, 0.240±0.008, significantly higher than 0.092±0.003 and 0.108±0.005 in simple injury group (q=6.789, 12.340, 17.900, 9.875, 31.480, 40.740, P<0.01). (3) On treatment day 1 and 5, there was no significant difference in the expression of VEGF in lung tissue of rabbits among the 5 groups (P>0.05). Compared with those in simple injury group, the expressions of VEGF in lung tissue of rabbits in injury+2 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 3 and 7 were significantly increased (q=4.243, 8.000, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the expression of VEGF in lung tissue of rabbits in injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 7 was significantly increased (q=20.720, P<0.01). (4) On treatment day 1, the injury of rabbits in each group was similar, with a large number of neutrophils infiltrated and abscess formed in the alveolar and interstitial tissue, thickened alveolar septum, some collapsed alveolar and atelectasis; large area of tracheal mucosa was degenerated and necrotic, with a large amount of inflammatory exudates blocking in the cavity. On treatment day 3, the inflammation of lung tissue and trachea in each group were improved, but the inflammation in simple injury group and injury+PBS group was also serious. On treatment day 5, the inflammation in lung tissue and trachea of rabbits in injury+2 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group and injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group were improved much obviously than those in the other groups. On treatment day 7, the inflammation in lung tissue of rabbits in injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group alleviated obviously than those in the other groups, most alveoli had no obvious exudative fluid, the alveolar cavity was intact and clear, the local alveolar dilated like a cyst, and the alveolar septum thinning; the improvement of inflammation of trachea was more obvious than the other groups, the tracheal mucosa tended to be more complete, and few neutrophils were infiltrated in the endotracheal cavity. Conclusions Atomization inhalation of rhKGF-2 can improve the PaO₂ level of rabbits with severe smoke inhalation injury, reduce airway inflammation, increase the expression of SP-A and VEGF in lung tissue, thus promoting the repair of lung tissue.