Objective:To investigate a potential role of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) ,a pathogen pattern recognition receptor, in the early phase of severely burned rats. Methods: Rats burn model(30% of total body surface area[TBSA],Ⅲgrade) were established with vapor at 108 C for 8 seconds. Rats were sacrificed before and 2,5,12,24,48 and 72 h after burning, and the spleen specimens and peripheral blood samples were harvested. TLR4 mRNA and TNF-?mRNA expression in splenocyte was measured by reverse-transcription PCR(RT-PCR); the expression of TLR4 protein were measured by Western bloting; the endothelial toxicity concentration in plasma was detected by limulus lysate test. Results: It was found that the expression of TLR4 mRNA.TNF-?mRNA,TLR4 protein,and the level of ET were significantly increased in burned group compared with normal control group. The expression of TLR4 mRNA and protein peaked at 8 h after burning, the expession of TNF-?mRNA peaked at 12 h.and the level of ET peaked at 8 h after burnings the peak values of them were (3. 66?0. 51),(2. 27?0. 19), (1.65?0. 23),and (11. 68?2. 63) Eu/ml, respectively, all significantly higher than those of the control group(P

OBJECTIVETo observe and compare the effects of two kinds of lung recruitment maneuvers, namely sustained inflation (SI) and incremental positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (IP) on oxygenation, respiratory mechanics, and hemodynamics of dogs with severe smoke inhalation injury.

METHODSAfter being treated with conventional mechanical ventilation, 12 dogs were inflicted with severe smoke inhalation injury. They were divided into group SI and group IP according to the random number table, with 6 dogs in each group. Dogs in group SI were subjected to continuous positive airway pressure ventilation, with inspiratory pressure of 25 cmH2O (1 cmH2o = 0. 098 kPa), and it was sustained for 20 s. PEEP level in group IP was gradually increased by 5 cmH2O every 5 min up to 25 cmH2O, and then it was decreased by 5 cmH2O every 5 min until reaching 2-3 cmH2O. Then the previous ventilation mode was resumed in both groups for 8 hours. Blood gas analysis (pH value, PaO2, and PaCO2), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory mechanics parameters [peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), mean airway pressure, and dynamic lung compliance], and hemodynamic parameters [heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), and cardiac output (CO)] were recorded or calculated before injury, immediately after injury, and at post ventilation hour (PVH) 2, 4, 6, 8. Data were processed with analysis of variance of repeated measurement and LSD-t test.

RESULTS(1) At PVH 6 and 8, pH values of dogs in group SI were significantly lower than those in group IP (with t values respectively 2. 431 and 2. 261, P values below 0.05); PaO2 levels in group SI [(87 ± 24), (78 ± 14) mmHg, 1 mmHg =0. 133 kPa] were lower than those in group IP [ (114 ± 18) , (111 ± 17) mmHg, with t values respectively 2. 249 and 3.671, P <0.05 or P <0.01]; OI values in group SI were significantly higher than those in group IP (with t values respectively 2.363 and 5.010, P <0.05 or P <0.01). No significant differences were observed in PaCO2 level within each group or between the two groups (with t values from 0. 119 to 1. 042, P values above 0.05). Compared with those observed immediately after injury, the pH values were significantly lowered (except for dogs in group IP at PVH 6 and 8, with t values from 2.292 to 3.222, P <0.05 or P <0.01), PaO2 levels were significantly elevated (with t values from 4. 443 to 6.315, P <0.05 or P <0.01), and OI values were significantly lowered (with t values from 2.773 to 9.789, P <0.05 orP <0.01) in both groups at all the treatment time points. (2) The PIP level at each time point showed no significant differences between two groups (with t values from 0. 399 to 1. 167, P values above 0. 05). At PVH 4 and 8, the mean airway .pressure values of dogs in group SI were significantly higher than those in group IP (with t values respectively 1.926 and 1. 190, P values below 0.05). At PVH 4, 6, and 8, the dynamic lung compliance levels of dogs in group SI [(9.5 ± 1.9), (12.8 ± 2. 1), (13. 1 ± 1.8) mL/cmH2O] were significantly lower than those in group IP [(11.6 ± 1.2), (15.4 ± 1.8), (14.9 ± 0.8) mL/cmH2O], with t values respectively 2. 289, 2. 303, 2. 238, P values below 0.05. Compared with those observed immediately after injury, PIP and the mean airway pressure values of dogs in two groups were significantly lowered at each treatment time point (with t values from 2. 271 to 7. 436, P <0. 05 or P < 0.01); the dynamic lung compliance levels were significantly elevated in both groups at PVH 6 and 8 (with t values from 2. 207 to 4. 195, P < 0.05 or P <0.01). (3) Heart rate, MAP, and PAP levels at each time point between two groups showed no significant differences (with t values from 0. 001 to 1. 170, P values above 0. 05). At PVH 4, 6, and 8, CO levels in group IP [(0. 6 + 0. 3), (0. 6 + 0. 4), (0. 5 + 0. 7) L/min] were significantly lower than those in group SI [(1.5 0.7), (1.8 + 1.1), (1.6 +0.9) L/min], with t values respectively 3. 028, 2.511, 2.363, P values below 0.05. Compared with that observed immediately after injury, CO level in group IP was significantly lowered at PVH 4, 6, or 8 (with t values respectively 2. 363, 2. 302, 2. 254, P values below 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSBoth lung recruitment maneuvers can effectively improve oxygenation and lung compliance of dogs with severe smoke inhalation injury. IP is more effective in improving lung compliance, while SI shows less impact on the hemodynamic parameters.

Animals ; Blood Gas Analysis ; veterinary ; Dogs ; Hemodynamics ; Lung Compliance ; physiology ; Oxygen ; blood ; Oxygen Consumption ; physiology ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; methods ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Mechanics ; Severity of Illness Index ; Smoke ; adverse effects ; Smoke Inhalation Injury ; physiopathology ; therapy

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical therapeutic effect and safety of solifenacin suceinate in the treatment of overactive bladder symptom after benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)operation.MethodsAmong 115 patients receiving BPH surgery,58 cases were given solifenacin at bedtime 4 d after surgery for 20 d (treatment group),and 57 cases were given anisodamine after surgery (control group).The urination of patients before and after pulling out catheter were observed,and urodynamic examination,international prostatic symptoms score (IPSS) and overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) were used to evaluate urination status.ResultsIn treatment group,IPSS and OABSS decreased from 28.3 to 11.3 score and from (14.2±1.2) to (2.9±0.7) score before and after treatment,respectively (P＜0.01).In control group,IPSS and OABSS decreased from 27.3 to 11.8 score (P＜0.01) and from (14.2±1.6) to (11.3±1.1) score before and after treatment,respectively (P＞0.05).ConclusionsThe proper use of solifenacin after prostate operation may release bladder distress and facilitate rehabilitation in patients with overactive bladder symptom.

Duck circovirus(DuCV),a potential immunosuppressive virus,was investigated in Southern China from March 2006 to December 2009 by using a polymerase chain reaction(PCR)based method. In this study,a total of 138 sick or dead duck samples from 18 different farms were examined with an average DuCV infection rate of～35%. It was found that ducks between the ages of 40～60 days were more susceptible to DuCV. There was no evidence showing that the DuCV virus was capable of vertical transmission. Farms with positive PCR results exhibited no regularly apparent clinical abnormalities such as feathering disorders,growth retardation or lower-than-average weight. The complete genomes of 9. strains from Fujian Province and 1 from Zhejiang Province were sequenced and analyzed. The 10 DuCV genomes,compared with others genomes downloaded from GenBank,ranged in size from 1988 to 1996 base pairs,with sequence identities ranging from 83.2% to 99.8%. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome sequences demonstrated that DuCVs can be divided into two distinct genetic genotypes,Group I(the Euro-USA lineage)and Group II(the Taiwan lineage),with approximately 10.0% genetic difference between the two types. Molecular epidemiological data suggest there is no obvious difference among DuCV strains isolated from different geographic locations or different species,including Duck,Muscovy duck,Mule duck,Cheery duck,Mulard duck and Pekin duck.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical efficacy and perception of pain during initial periodontal treatment using Vector-system and a conventional ultrasonic system.

METHODSThirty-eight patients with mild to moderate periodontitis were debrided using both A-system (Vector-system) and B-system (Suprasson P5 Newtron) in a split mouth design. At baseline, one month after treatment, plaque index (PLI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded and probing depth(PD) was measured. A verbal analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the perceived pain right after the treatment.

RESULTSAt one month evaluation, all areas showed an improvement in clinical parameters. No statistically significant differences in PD and BOP could be observed between areas treated by two different systems, while A-system contributed to greater improvement in PLI than B-system. Patients treated with A-system [(22.5 +/- 7.5) mm] experienced about 60% the amount of pain compared with the conventional ultrasonic device [(37.2 +/- 11.3) mm].

CONCLUSIONSDuring initial periodontal treatment for the patients with mild to moderate periodontitis, A-system could achieve a comparable clinical efficacy and reduced pain sensations to conventional ultrasonic device.

Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; etiology ; Periodontitis ; therapy ; Single-Blind Method ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods

OBJECTIVETo apply the synthesized advanced glycation end products (AGE) to the cultured human gingival fibroblast (HGF) in vitro and then to investigate the effects of AGE on the HGF proliferation and type I collagen synthesis and the potential impact of AGE in the repair of periodontium and its molecular mechanism in diabetes-associated periodontitis.

METHODSThe HGF was obtained from explants of human healthy gingival tissues by using tissue-explant technique. The AGE was prepared and then added to the culture media, its effect on HGF proliferation at different time duration was examined with MTT colorimetric assay. The type I collagen concentrations in cell culture supernatants and intracellular proteins were detected by ELISA, and the type I collagen mRNA expression of HGF was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR.

RESULTS200 mg/L AGE decreased the A value (P < 0.05) and changed the HGF shape. Incubation of HGF with AGE for 72 hours, the quantities of type I collagen were reduced (P < 0.05), and the expression of type I collagen mRNA was down-regulated (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe AGE inhibited the HGF proliferation, decreased the synthesis of type I collagen and down-regulated the expression of type I collagen mRNA, impairing the repair of periodontium.

Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen Type I ; biosynthesis ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Gingiva ; cytology ; metabolism ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; pharmacology ; Humans

Objective To introduce a self-developed computer-assisted design/rapid prototyping and guidance system used for precise placement of the acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty.Methods We collected the preoperative pelvic CT scanning data of 10 hips with aeetabular dysplasia that had undergone primary total hip arthroplasty from January 2016 to January 2017.The total time for import of radiographic images,model reconstruction,model segmentation,acetabular component position design and STL model export was calculated and compared between our self-designed software and Mimics vl 7.0.Three kinds of STL model from each case were imported into our self-developed 3D printing device,Stratasys Objet30 and Stratasys Demension SST1200es respectively for rapid prototyping.The printing efficiency and accuracy were compared among the 3 printers.The accuracy of placing acetabular component with guidance system was evaluated.Results The average time forpreoperative planningwas7.7±1.3 minbyourself-designedsoftware and 52.5 ± 15.9 min by Mimics v17.0,showing a significant difference (P ＜ 0.001).In morphological point-based comparison for each case,the 3D models exported by the 2 different kinds of software showed an average difference of 0.072 1 ± 0.069 1 mm.The average durations for rapid prototyping by the 3 different printers were 5.3 ± 0.6 h,10.8 ± 0.5 h,and 9.3 ± 0.6 h,respectively,showing significant differences (P ＜ 0.001).The guidance system resulted in precise placement.The locations of the acetabular component achieved by guide-assisted placement were not significantly different from the target ones (P ＞ 0.05).Conelusion Our self-developed preoperative planning software,rapid prototyping device and guidance apparatus for acetabular component placement may lead to good accuracy and high efficiency.

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of visceral fat area(VFA) on laparoscopic radical gastrectomy and short-term outcome in patients with gastric carcinoma.

METHODSClinicopathological and imaging data of 202 patients with gastric cancer who were treated by laparoscopic radical gastrectomy in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from May 2011 to July 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. VFA of all the patients were measured by CT, of which more than 10 000 m(2) were found in 104 patients(VFA-L group), less than 10 000 m2 in other 98 patients (VFA-S group). Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThere were no differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss and number of harvested lymph node between the two groups(all P>0.05). As compared to VFA-S group, VFA-L group had a higher incidence of conversion to open surgery[9.6%(10/104) vs. 2.0%(2/98), P=0.023], higher complication rate [22.1%(23/104) vs. 10.2%(10/98), P=0.003], longer postoperative fever time [(3.0±1.3) d vs. (2.4±1.1) d, P=0.000], total length of hospital stay [(18.6±11.8) d vs. (15.8±6.0) d, P=0.039]. There were no significant differences in first flatus passage time and total hospitalization costs between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONElevated VFA can raise the difficulty of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, increase the risk of postoperative complication and prolong the postoperative recovery.

Blood Loss, Surgical ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Nodes ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of synthesized advanced glycation end-products (AGE) on reactive oxygen species formation and apoptosis of the cultured human gingival fibroblast and investigate the potential mechanisms of AGE in the modification of periodontal impairment.

METHODSAGE products with different concentrations [0, 50, 150 mg/L AGE-human serum albumin (AGE-HSA)] were incubated with human gingival fibroblast for 48 h, respestively. Flow cytometry was used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species and cell apoptosis. The culture media with 50 mg/L AGE-HSA was exposed to 0.24 mmol/L puerarin for 48 h and then cell apoptosis was measured.

RESULTSThe values of cellular apoptotic rate in 0, 50, 150 mg/L AGE-HSA groups were (1.60 ± 0.30)%, (29.43 ± 1.45)%, (49.20 ± 4.43)%, respectively. The differences between each AGE-HSA group and control were statistically significant (P < 0.05). AGE-HSA increased cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner (150 mg/L > 50 mg/L > 0 mg/L, P < 0.05). The cellular fluorescence intensity value was elevated as the concentration of AGE-HSA increased (P < 0.05). After incubation of human gingival fibroblast with AGE-HSA for 48 h, there was a significant decrease in apoptotic rate in puerarin group [(6.37 ± 3.02)%], compared with the control [(29.43 ± 1.45)%, P < 0.05].

CONCLUSIONSAGE can stimulate apoptosis of human gingival fibroblast, which may be mediated by oxidative stress. Puerarin may protect periodontal tissues by inhibiting the apoptosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Gingiva ; cytology ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; administration & dosage ; antagonists & inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pueraria ; chemistry ; Serum Albumin ; administration & dosage ; antagonists & inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Serum Albumin, Human ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP) on the proliferation, apoptosis and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) synthesis of the human gingival fibroblast (HGF). To explore the possible mechanism of the periodontal destruction acceleration in diabetes through AOPP-mediated oxidative stress.

METHODSHGF were isolated by both tissue explant cultivation technique and enzyme digestion method. The culture media with 5, 50, 100 mg/L AOPP-HAS were added into each experimental group, but the culture media in the control group didn't contain AOPP-HAS. MTT colorimetric assay and ELISA were used to measure the changes of HGF proliferation and the levels of MMP-1 protein from HGF at different time periods, respectively. Seventy-two hours after co-culture with 50 mg/L AOPP-HSA, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining.

RESULTSCompared to the control group, the growth inhibition rate of HGF in 5, 50, 100 mg/L AOPP-HSA group was significantly different (P < 0.05). The peak value appeared at 48 hours of co-culture [(19.01 +/- 6.28)%, (30.48 +/- 5.75)%, (39.75 +/- 4.60)%, respectively]. There was a dose-dependent relationship between the growth inhibition rate and AOPP-HSA. No significant difference was detected on the apoptotic level between experimental group and the control (P > 0.05). The MMP-1 synthesis in 0.5, 5, 50, 100 mg/L AOPP-HAS group [(55.61 +/- 1.06), (65.78 +/- 4.04), (79.24 +/- 3.09), (89.76 +/- 28.88) mg/L, respectively] was significantly higher than that in the control [(34.90 +/- 3.15) mg/L] after 72 hours co-culture (P < 0.05). There was a dose-dependent relationship between MMP-1 and AOPP-HSA.

CONCLUSIONSAOPP may inhibit the proliferation of HGF and such effect was not achieved through apoptosis. AOPP may increase collagen degradation by promoting MMP-1 synthesis and thus may accelerate periodontal destruction process in diabetes.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Blood Proteins ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Gingiva ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress