According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, the functional structure of human body is composed of five functional subsystems which are based on the five-organs concept, and the relationship between them could be expatiated with Wu-Xing (Five-Elements) theory. Wu-Xing system is taken as our research object. The dynamic model has the characteristic of self-organization. There is only one stable point with local stability in the five-dimensional space. There exists an instability domain in the five-dimensional space. The stability domain is unbounded; it contains some special subdomains, including rectilineal subdomains, ray subdomains and line subdomains. In some ray subdomains, there exists comeback summits, the peak value of the comeback summit is comeback threshold. The existence of the comeback threshold means that, if the human body wants to go back to the healthy state from a certain special state which corresponded to the initial conditions located in a domain with comeback summit, it has to get across the comeback threshold. The comeback threshold is the division of the healthy state and the sub-healthy state. Some research work is done to investigate the response of the Wu-Xing dynamic model to the impact stimulation, and results in the decrease of the system's comeback threshold. There are 3 manners to achieve this goal, and they tally with the principle of the Wu-Xing system and the experimental rules in clinic.

In this paper a new type of cerebral circulation is introduced, including the basic principal, parameter algorithms and equipment design. The analyzer is developed on the basis of previous cerebral circulation analyzer and combined with the latest development of hemodynamics. It has the advantages of previous analyzer and overcomes its shortcomings frequently encountered in clinical that unable to finish the analysis without detection of all the intracranial vessels. It provides new functional module and adds indices such as hydraulic power, carotidshear stress, comprehensive index etc. This analyzer can be used for cerebral circulation dynamic analysis and auxiliary diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases.
Algorithms ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; diagnosis ; Equipment Design ; Hemodynamics ; Humans

Objective To observe the activation effect of histamine on mast cells in the acupoint area and its analgesic effects similar to acupuncture stimulation,so as to reveal the underlying mechanism of acupoint injection therapy.Methods A total of 60 SD rats were divided into control,model,normal saline(NS),histamine-injection and acupuncture groups(12 rats/group).Acute adjuvant-induced-arthritis(AIA) model was duplicated by injection of complete Freunds' Adjuvant(0.05 mL) into the left ankle articular cavity.For rats of saline and histamine groups,normal saline(50 ?L) and histamine(50 ?L,100 ?g/mL) were injected into the left "Zusanli"(ST 36) acupoint area.For rats of acupuncture group,manual acupuncture(lifting-thrusting and twisting needle intermittently) was applied to ST 36 for 20 min.Paw withdrawal(pain threshold,PT) was detected by radiant heat irradiation of the hindpaw.Skin and muscle tissues of ST 36 area were sampled to be fixed in formalin,then,sliced(5 ?m),and stained with Toluidine Blue,separately,followed by counting the degranulation rate of mast cells under microscope.Results Compared with normal control group and pre-modeling,PT of model,NS,acupuncture and histamine groups decreased significantly(P

In the experiment of atherosclerosis, the change of the cerebrovascular dynamic indexes (CVDI) was observed. In the atherosclerosis group, the values of carotid artery's mean flow (Qmcan), mean velocity (Vmcan), maximal velocity (Vmax), minimal velocity (Vmin) and cerebrovascular compliance for zero pressure (CO) were significantly decreased (P

Objective: To evaluate the effect of parallel scalp acupuncture therapy on hemodynamic function of cerebral circulation in post-stroke patients. Methods: Twenty post-stroke patients were taken as our objects. The cerebral circulation indices before and after parallel acupuncture therapy, were detected with KF-3000 Brain Circulation Analyze, to compare the change of hemodynamics indexes before and after parallel scalp acupuncture. Results: After the therapy, minimum and mean blood velocity of carotid artery (Vmin and Vmean) increased significantly (P<0.001); peripheral resistance (Rc) decreased significantly (P<0.001). And the other indices had no significant differences. Conclusion: Parallel Scalp Acupuncture can improve the state of cerebrovascular autoregulation, raise the velocity of blood, decrease the peripheral resistance, and increase the steady energy, total energy and the ratio of kinetic energy to total energy, decrease the ratio of oscillatory kinetic energy to total kinetic energy.

Objective:To observe the analgesia effect and of low-level combined- and single-laser irradiation on Zusanli (ST 36) in rats and the relationship between mast cell degranulation and laser acupuncture analgesia.Methods: A total of 66 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned into normal control,model control,sham irradiation,10.6 μm laser (220 mW,40 Hz) 650nm laser(36mW,continuous),combined laser (10.6 μm+ 650 nm) groups.Arthritis mode 1 was established by injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (0.05 mL) into the left ankle joint.The paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was detected with a radiant heat algesimeter.Zusanli (ST 36) was irradiated with sham,single or combined laser for 30 min.After sacrifice under anesthesia (1% embutal),tissues of Zusanli (ST 36) area were sampled,sliced (5 μm) and stained with Toluidine Blue for skin for observing the mast cell degranulation.Results:Compared with model control and sham group,the pain threshold increased significantly in 650nm and combined laser groups (P＜0.01),while remained no significant difference in 10.6 μm group.Compared with model and sham group,the degranulation ratios of mast cells in 650nm and combined laser group were significantly higher (P＜0.001),while remained no significant difference in 10.6 μm group.The linear correlation coefficient between degranulation ratios of mast cells and PWL after laser acupuncture is 0.737 (P＜0.001).Conclusion:Both 650 nm and combined laser stimulation of Zusanli (ST 36) can effectively raise pain threshold,and enhance degranulation ratio of mast cells at the stimulated acupoint.The result also suggested a linear correlation between degranulation ratio of mast cell and analgesia effect.

Obiective:To establish a new and better model to investigate the properties of mast cells that couldbe involved in acupuncture process mechanisms.Methods:Connective tissue under the conum at the area of acupuncture point Zusanli(ST 36)from rat was acutely bluntly separated with forceps and scissors。And incubated in bath solution up to several hours.Mast cells in slices of that tissue were irradiated with laser light of 650 mn,and changes in the appearance were observed under mlcroscope. In addition.patch.clamp technique in whole-cell configuration was employed to induce mechano-sensitive currents by pressure applied through the patch pipette.Results:1)A high density of mast cells embedded in the extracellular matrix was detected in the tissue slices using toluidine blue staining.The mast cells survived for up to several hours;2)Laser irradiation for 10 min(40 mW) resulted in fusion of intracellular vesicles with the plasma membrane of the mast-cell surface;3)Whole.cell currents increased when pressure gradients of-30 cm,-60 cm or-90 cm H20 were applied,the response was attenuated in the presence of 1 0 u M Ruthenium Red(a common blocker of channels 0f the vallinoid.sensitive transient receptor potential family TRPV).Conclusion:The skin tissue slice of rat Zusanli(ST 36)may be used as a model to investigate the role of mast cells in acupuncture.t he results obtained in this model support the suggestion that skin mast cells play a role In laser as well as mechanical acupuncture and TRPV channels may be involved in acupuncture effects.

Objective: To better understand the function of mast cells in acupuncture points (acupoints) inacupuncture-induced analgesia. The author tested their sensitivity to mechanical, thermo and light stimulation.Methods: The tail flick model was applied to measure analgesia in rats, and the author determined the density of mast cells in tissue slices and their degranulation ratio before/after acupuncture. The author also applied the patch-clamp technique to investigate activation of human mast cells (HMC 1 cell line) by mechanical stress or noxious heat, and the author optically observed degranulation phenomena of mast cell in response to red laser light.Results: Manual stimulation by acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) of the rat resulted in analgesia and the effect was more pronounced than after stimulation of a sham point nearby the acupuncture point. A higher density of mast cells was found at Zusanli (ST 36) than at the sham point, and acupuncture caused a remarkable increase in degranulation. Pretreatment with disodinm chromoglycate (DSCG, a mast cell stabilizer) injected into Zusanli (ST 36) impaired the analgesic effect of acupuncture. In whole-cell patch-clamp, increasing hydrostatic pressure induced a current that could be inhibited by 10 ～tM of ruthenium red (RuR), an inhibitor of TRPV2. Temperatures above 50～C, which are reached during moxibustion, induced a similar RuR-sensitive current. Laser light of 640 nm (48 mW) applied to acupoints had been shown previously to be highly effective in analgesia. 20 min of light application induced pronounced degranulation in HMC 1 that could be blocked by 0.02 g/mL DSCG as well as by RuR. Conclusion: The author found that mechanical stimulation of acupoints is associated with mast cell degranulation and mast-cell degranulation can be correlated with acupuncture-induced analgesia. The author suggest that TRPV2 plays a key role in mast-ceU degranulation in response to mechanical, thermal (moxibustion) as well as laser-light stimulation forming a facilitating step in acupuncture-induced analgesia.

Utilizing the third-order polynomial curve fitted to the experimental data, which represents the relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and mean artery blood pressure (MABP), we constructed a lumped-parameter dynamic model with 5 elements. In this model; the resistance is not constants it is determined by the fitted curve. We simulated the process of CBF autoregulation numerically by solving the govern equation of this model and got quite accurate results. Furthermore, we studied the influence of hemodynamic parameters on the CBF autoregulation by this model and proved that the characteristic resistance is the most important factor.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; physiology ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypotension ; physiopathology ; Models, Biological ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Regional Blood Flow

Schistosomiasis is a kind of common disease around the riverside or lakeside areas, especially popular in rural areas, and causes huge economic loss. Based on existing schistosomiasis dynamic models and data, a new method of working out coefficients, and an improved model were provided in our study. The improved model can be applied to the study of the characteristics of transmission of schistosomiasis, and the effect of new control methods for schistosomiasis was evaluated.
Animals ; Cattle ; China ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted ; Schistosoma japonicum ; isolation & purification ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Snails ; parasitology