Objective To analyse the cloning and sequencing of mature fragment of human bone morphogenetic protein-4 gene. Methods The template DNA was extract from the human osteosarcoma cells line U-2OS by the single-step isolation method with isothiocyanic acid guanidine, the cDNA coding for the mature fragment of BMP-4 was amplified by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The mature fragment of BMP-4 was cloned into the vector pUC19, and sequenced by Sanger dideoxy-mediated chain termination method. Results The mature fragment of BMP-4 cDNA was obtained by RT-PCR and identified by sequencing. The computer search was done on Genebank, and the published DNA sequence of BMP-4 from Genebank (D30751) was chosen for a reference. Analysis showed that the homology and similarity of nucleotides and amino acids between cDNA of rhBMP-4 mature fragment and the published sequence of BMP-4 were both 99％ . Sequence analysis revealed that there were two bases mutations, one was at base 1 154(201) G C, this had no influence on the corresponding amino acids(Val), another was at base 1 222(269) C T, the mutation at the base 1 222 had turned the Ala into Val. Conclusion The mature fragment of BMP-4 gene has been cloned. The gene is of great significance in treatment of skeletal injuries and diseases.

Cartilages of 19 human fetuses were studied by microangiographic and histological methods. Blood vessels were enclosed in a special structure, the cartilage canal which were present in individual cartilages from 2～3 months of the fetus. The cartilage canals developed either from the superficial blood vessels which was gradually embedded in the cartilage as it grew, or blood vessels in the cartilage canal grew and divided themselve progressively and penetrated into the deeper part of the cartilage. In addition to the nutritional supply for the centers of the growth of cartilage, the cartilage canal participates directly in the osteogenesis of the secondary centers of ossification.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder which seriously causes the dementia in elderly people and afflicts millions of people worldwide. Drug discovery for Alzheimer's disease therapy has been a hot research area and a big challenge, in which development of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors design was the most active and some AChE inhibitors are commercially available for AD medication already. However, practical using of commercial AChE inhibitors showed their limited usefulness and related adverse effects. Thus, it is extremely urgent to find novel AChE inhibitors with higher potency and less adverse effects. Based on the accurate crystallographic studies about AChE, strategies for multi-binding site AChE inhibitors have been formed, followed by design of the multi-target directed ligands. In this review, the structures and binding modes of commercial AChE inhibitors were briefly discussed, together with the development of AChE inhibitor design for AD therapy: from multi-binding site inhibitors to multi-target directed ligands.

ObjectiveTo study the cloning and sequencing of mature fragment of human bone morphogenetic protein-4 gene. Methods The template DNA was obtained from the human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS. By using RT- PCR method, the cDNA coding for the mature fragment of BMP-4 was amplified, cloned into the vector pUC19, and sequenced by Sanger Dideoxy-mediated Chain Termination method. Results The mature fragment of BMP4 cDNA was obtained by RT-PCR and determined by sequencing. Through the computer search on Genebank, the analysis showed that the homology of nucleotides and amino acids between cDNA of rhBMP4 mature fragment of this study and the published sequence was 99％. Sequence analysis showed that there were two differences, one was at base 1154 (201): G→C, which had no influence on the corresponding amino acids (Val). Another was at basel222 (269):C→T, the mutation at the base 1222 had the change of Ala to Val. Conclusion The mature fragment of BMP4 gene has been cloned. The results will be of great significance in treatment of skeletal injuries and diseases.

This is a retrospective study of 103 cases of early gastric cancer undergoing surgery during the years of 1974-1988 with a special discussion on surgical treatment.The lesions were localized to the mu-cosal layer in 54.3%,to submucosal layer in 45.7%,In 10% of patients there was lymphnode metastasis,all of them were in the first station.Operation consisted of radical subtotal gastrectomy in 94.2%.and total gastrectomy in 5.8%.The extent of lymphatic excision was:Ro in 12.6%,R1 in 61.2% and R2 in 26.2% Postoperative chemotherapy was given in 61.2%.However no statistical difference of 5 years survival rate was found in respect to the extent of lymphatic excision as well as postoperative chemotherapy.Since 60.2% of EGC lesions were of minute,multiple and plane type,preoperattve en-doscopy and intraoperative biopsy of gastric mucosa,if necessary,should be carefully done to ascertain that no lesion was overlooked in the remnant of the stomach.Follow-up rate was 96%,and the survival rates of 3 and 5 years were 97% and 93.7%.This makes the authors believe that a radical operation of R1 is justified and routine postoperative chemotherapy is unnecessary.

BACKGROUND: Apatite-wollastonite containing glass-ceramic (AWGC) is a kind of good bone repairing materials with excellent bioactivity, which is prepared by traditional melting process.OBJECTIVE: To observe AWGC prepared with sol-gel method and its bioactivity.DESIGN: Design experiment of materials process and in vitro bioactivity experiment.SETTING: College of materials science and Engineering of Sichuan University.MATERIALS: AWGC.METHODS: This experiment was conducted at the laboratory of College of Materials Science and Engineering of Sichuan University between August 2002 and May 2003. AWGC was prepared from sol-gel and followed by heattreating process. Bioactivity was investigated in vitro by immersing in the simulate body fluid (SBF) at 37 ℃ for 7 days . JL-1155 laser particle analyzer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope were used for micro-morphological structure analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The crystalline structure and microstructure of sol-gel derived glass-ceramic② The apatite forming process in simulate body fluid③ The diameter of the pore of the sol-gel derived apatite/wollastonite glass-ceramicRESULTS: ①Main crystalline phases of the sol-gel derived glass-ceramic materials were hydroxyapatite/fluoroapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH, F)] and β-wollastonite[β-CaSiO3]; Microstructure contained many micro-pores of 2-3μ m;② Sol-gel derived AW glass ceramic had excellent bioactivity: plenty of apatite granules were generated on the surface of the material after soaking for 7 days. ③Porous scaffolds possessed good macro-porous structure with the interconnected macro pores of 300-400 μm in diameter;CONCLUSION: Apatite-wollastonite containing glass-ceramic (AWGC)with excellent bioactivity was developed by sol-gel process. The material is expected to be a good candidate for bone-repairing and bone tissue engineering scaffold materials.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the past 5 years' clinic experience of diagnosis and treatment of the pediatric soft-tissue foreign body (STFB),and to probe new strategies for its clinical management.MethodsTotally 165 consecutive children with small radiopaque STFB were involved.All the children were diagnosed with X-rays.CT (enhanced CT in 9 children)and virtual anatomy imaging (VAI) were performed in 40 children.Percutaneous foreign body forceps removal guided with C-arm video-fluoroscopy was performed and the effect was evaluated.ResultsThe longest dimension of STFB ranged from 1 mm to 40 mm,and the shortest dimension ranged from 1 mm to 5 mm,including scrap-iron,broken iron nails and needles,and glass pieces embedded in soft tissues under surface of the limbs,neck,chest,abdomen and pelvis.Seventy-six (76/165,46.06 ％) children received interventional therapy,and 73 were completely cured (73/76,96.05 ％),2 were partially cured (2/76,2.63 ％),and 1 was failed (1/76,1.32 ％).VAI accurately depicted STFB closely to large vessels even associated vascular complication with local large hematomas or pseudoaneurysms,helped to select the treatment methods and the forceps removal roads.Hematoma,infection,neural damages and other serious complications did not occur during and after operation.ConclusionVideo-fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous foreign body forceps removal is minimally invasive,safe and effective for small radiopaque STFBs,but may not suitable for the one very close to large blood vessels with or without vascular injuries complications.Preoperative CT VAI is helpful to locate STFB within complicated anatomic structures,selecting optimal intervention pathway and assessing the risk of intervention.

Objective To study the normal anatomy and pathologic CT findings of HDL and compare the HDL dimension of two conditions.Methods 160 consecutive CT scans of the normal upper abdomen were reviewed and 19 cases of cadavers were used.Results There was no statistics differences between the cadavers and normal subjects on HDL.Conclusion The real dimension of HDL can be replaced by the measurement on CT image,CT is a accurate means of measuring HDL in vival of human being.

Objective To study CT and MRI findings of esthesioneuroblastoma.Methods Nine cases of esthesioneuroblastoma proved pathologically were presented.There were four male and five female,with mean age of 34.6 years.CT scan in four cases and MRI in seven cases were done and 2 cases had enhanced MRI.Results The location of lesions were in nasal cavity in 2 cases and in nasoethmoid region in 7 cases.Among nine cases,six cases were seen in the right side,and three cases in the left side.On CT and MRI,the lesion demonstrated a destructive solid mass,CT value ranged 29～36 HU.The lesions appeared as hamogeneous signal intensity which was higher than tongue muscle on T_1WI,and higher than grey matter on MRI T_2WI . Turbinal and ethmoid bony destruction were showed on all nine cases. The lesions invaded into opposite nose and ethmoid sinus in four cases,intruded into intracrainial cavity in eight cases, frontal sinus in six cases, orbit in eight cases in which two cases had eye protrusion, maxillary sinas in five cases and sphenoid sinus in five cases.Conclusion A esthesioneuroblastoma can be considered if a destructive solid mass occurs in nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus,with a middle signal intensity on T_2WI.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of temporary hepatic venous occlusion(TACE-THVO) in transplanted hepatoma rat model and to compare the effect between the adriamycin or the athanol iodized oil emulsion. Methods The seventy five SD rats with transplanted hepatoma were classified into five groups. In the control group, TACE-THVO was performed separately by injecting the adriamycin or the ethanol iodized oil emulsion. Within one week, ten rats in each group were all sacrificed. Then the results were analyzed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.Results (1) Gross study results: within one week, the hepatoma volume in each group was reduced after therapy. The experimental groups showed a lower tumour growth rate than that in the control groups; (2) Light microscopy results: within one week, the area of the tumor necrosis and the capacity of the adriamycin or the ethanol iodized oil emulsion in the portal venous were increased in the experimental groups rather than that in the control groups. The area of the tumor necrosis with the adriamycin iodized oil emulsion was less than that of the ethsnol iodized oil emulsion; (3) Scanning electron microscopy results: within one week, the rough-surfaced reticulum showed a hydropic degeneration. There might be lipodol drop in the tumor nuceus, which appeared karyorrhesis. Conclusion The area of the tumor necrosis with the ethanol iodized oil emulsion is larger than that of the adriamycin iodized oil emulsion. TACE-THVO may be a effective therapy for the hepatoma.