Objective: To study the difference between the preventive and therapeutic effects of dexamethasone on acute lung injury models induced by lipopolysacharide(LPS) in different phases.Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:(1)control group to receive intraperitoneal NS injection(2 mL/kg).(2)LPS group to receive intraperitoneal LPS injection(5(mg/kg).)(3)one-hour group to receive intraperitoneal dexamethasone injection(2 mg/kg) one hour after LPS injection.(4)three-hour group to receive intraperitoneal dexamethasone injection(2 mg/kg) three hours after LPS injection.Then histopathology,arterial blood gases,lung permeability,wet-to-dry weight ratio and immunohistochemistry AQP1 were performed 24 hours later.Results: Dexamethasone could improve biological indexes.Lung permeability,wet-to-dry weight ratio and immunohistochemistry AQP1 were(5.73?1.37),(4.92?0.23),(19.92?6.47) in LPS group,(2.4?0.51),(4.89?0.21),(33.47?9.41) in one-hour group and(2.15?0.63),(4.57?0.14),(40.69?9.18) in three-hour group,respectively.Dates in three-hour group were prior to those of one-hour group,and there was slight but no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion: Dexamethasone can improve lung permeability and reduce lung edema.There is no need to be treated with glucocorticoids in advance.

Objective To evaluate the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on sleep apneas in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.Methods Thirty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups (15 rats in each group).The treatment group and the control group were injected intraperitoneally with paroxetine (10 mg · kg-1·d-1) and sterile distilled water (2 mL · kg-1 · d-1) for 7 days respectively.Parameters about sleep apnea and sleep structure were measured before and after the treatment.Results In the treatment group, there was a significant reduction of apnea index (AI) from (12.4±3.7) times/hour to (7.4±2.2) tmes/hour (P = 0.000).Both post sigh apnea index (PSAI) and spontaneous apnea index (SPAI) were decreased significantly (P = 0.000 and 0.021 respectively) in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, but not in REM sleep.REM sleep was reduced from 8.6% to 8.0% (P = 0.013) and its latency was increased from (54.1±48.4) rain to (110.9±43.4) min (P = 0.001) in the treatment group,as well as the sleep-onset latency [from (20.7±9.1) rain to (30.0±15.7) rain, P = 0.038].Conclusion Paroxetine can reduce sleep apneas in SD rats during NREM sleep.Its effects on sleep structure include reducing REM time,increasing REM latency and sleep-onset latency.

Objective To investigate the clinical distribution and antibiotic resistance of the nonfermenting bacterial strains isolated in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from 2008 to 2012.Methods The bacteria were identified by VITEK-compact system and Phoenix 100 system. Antimicrobial susceptibiity was tested by dilution method. Results A total of 2 450 strains of nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria were isolated from clinical specimens. Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia accounted for 57.2%,25.5% and 10.0%.Specimens were mostly collected from respiratory tract (80.9%),followed by blood (8.1%)and wound exudates (3.9%).The strains were mainly collectd from ICU (50.0%),cardiac surgery ward (17.0%)and respiratory medical ward (11.5%).The prevalence of imipenem-resistant A.baumannii was 62.3%,79.2%,70.4%,76.1%,67.8% from 2008 to 2012.The prevalence of imipenem-resistant P.aeruginosa was 28.7%,25.0%,27.6%,31.1% and 32.0%.S.maltophilia strains showed the highest susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and levofloxacin.Conclusions The high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant non-fermenting bacteria poses a great challenge to clinicins. The rational treatment choice should be based on the result of suseptibility testing.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a HPLC method for the determination of aripiprazole in human plasma by HPLC. METHODS: The plasma sample was determined by HPLC after subjected to liquid- liquid extraction .The separation was carried out on C18 column with clolumn temperature at 40℃. The mobile phase consisted of 0.03mol?L-1 ammonium acetate-acetonitrile(34:66) with a flow rate of 0.8mL?min-1 and detective wavelength of 257nm.The sensitivity was 0.01 AUFS. RESULTS:The linear range of aripiprazole was 5.0～600.0ng?mL-1(r=0.999 5) .The recovery rate was above 90% .CONCLUSION:The method is sensitive,accurate and rapid,and suitable for the determination of aripiprazole in human plasma.

miRNA are large class of small noncoding RNAs that play important roles in the development of various diseases such as cancers.This review summarizes the miRNA biogenesis and related enzymes or cofactors,the alteration of miRNA expression induced by antitumor drugs as well as the interaction of these drugs and miRNA.The paper also predicts the future research aspects for miRNA,including the functional studies of miRNAs,the drug screening based on miRNA and the regulatory mechanisms of miRNA expression by drugs.

The emergence of repertoire cloning using phage antibody libraries has revolutionized the antibody engineering technology. We prepared phage antibody libraries from both human breast cancer cell immunized murine spleen cells and human peripheral lymphocytes from volunteer received HBsAg vaccination. Mouse anti-human breast cancer cell antibodies and human anti-HBsAg antibodies were successfully cloned by panning of the phage antibody libraries against breast cancer cells and immobilized HBsAg. The resulting Fab fragments were expressed in E.coli cells and the specificity, affinity and DNA sequences were analyzed. The results showed the potential of the phage display system in antibody preparation.

Objective To observe the effects and safety of recruitment maneuver(RM)and open-lung approach(OLA)in mechanical ventilated patients with pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods 6 cases of pulmonary ARDS were treated with RM(30～35 cm H2O,30～40s)and OLA(PEEP=12.1±2.0 cm H2O).SO2 and artery blood gas were recorded.Results SO2 began to rise in(3.7±2.0)min after RM,reaching plateau at(86.1±89.0)min,which was maintained longer than 5 hours by moderate level of PEEP.The RM and OLA significantly improved SO2[(88±5)%vs(97±2)%,P=0.000].Conclusion Single RM and OLA can rapidly improve SO2 and maintained it at a higher level in pulmonary ARDS patients with basic pulmonary disease(severe emphysema and bulla are excluded).

Objective To investigate the correlationship of 5-HT2A receptor expression in the brainstem and sleep apnea in Sprague-Dawley (SD)rat. Method PSG monitoring for sleep and sleep apneas scoring was performed in freely moving SD rats. The level of 5-HT2A protein in rat brainstem was detected by Western blot and the relationship of 5-HT2A level with sleep apneas was analyzed. Results Two types sleep apnea model were obtained in rats, one was post-sigh sleep apnea (PS) and the other was spontaneous apnea (SP). The sleep apnea index was negatively correlated with the amount of 5-HT2A receptor level in brainstem (r=0.672,P <0.001). The post-sigh sleep apnea index was negatively correlated with the amount of 5-HT2A level in brainstem (r=0.686, P<0.001). The NREM-PS index was also negatively correlated with the amount of 5-HT2A level in brainstem (r =0.663, P < 0.001),but the spontaneous apnea index was not correlated with the amount of 5-HT2A level in brainstem (P>0.05). Conclusion The expression of 5-HT2A receptor in brainstem was negatively correlated with the severity of post-sigh sleep apnea. This association implies that 5-HT 2A receptor plays a critical role in the respiratory network and is closely correlated with the occurrence of central sleep apneas.

Objective To investigate the clinical features,pathogenic distribution and drug susceptibility of patients with infective endocarditis (IE).Methods Clinical data of IE patients were collected,who were admitted to Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2012 to March 2015.Results Three hundred and three IE patients were enrolled with age of (43 ± 16)years old.Fever (85.5％)and cardiac murmur (62.4％)were the most common clinical presentations.Congenital heart diseases was the leading underlying diseases in IE patients.Non rheumatic valve diseases (13.5％) followed.Vegetations were found in 90.4％ (274/303) patients.Streptococcus which accounted for 44.2％ was the major pathogen of IE.Staphylococcus (28.9％) was the second common pathogen.Gramnegative bacteria were diversified in categories.Gram-positive cocci were consistently sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.Conclusions Congenital heart disease is the main underlying disease related to IE.Streptococcus is still the primary pathogen.Gram-positive cocci keep good sensitivity to vancomycin and linezolid.

To describe the clinical,radiological and pathological characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(I-PAP)and to evaluate the methods of diagnosis and treatment.Three patients were successfully diagnosed and treated in our hospital and the literature on the subject was reviewed.Three patients,two males and one female(mean age 46 years),were diagnosed averagely in 4 months.Two severe patients presented with progressive dyspnea and type I respiratory failure,and one mild patient only with dry cough and hypoxemia.Chest X-ray radiographs all showed perihilar "butterfly" shadow and chest CT scans showed diffused ground-glass opacities(GGO),typically with "map" changes and "crazy paving" patterns.All the patients underwent bronchoscope,branchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)had grossly opaque and/or milky appearance and its sediment was periodic acid-Schiff stain positive.Transbronchoscopic lung biopsy(TBLB)specimens were obtained and under light microscopy alveoli and some of the small bronchioles were filled with eosinophilic proteinaceous material with needle-like clefts.By electron microscopy numerous cellular debris and extracellular multilamellated bodies were found.Two severe patients were successfully treated with sequential whole-lung lavage and one required repeated lavages.I-PAP is rare and prone to be misdiagnosed.The radiological features may indicate the diagnosis and examinations of TBLB and BALF can make the accurate diagnosis.Whole-lung lavage is the most effective therapy by now and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF)may be beneficial in some patients.