Objective To study the expression and clinical meaning of tight junctions protein regulator PKC θ in human meningioma tissue.Method The expression of PKC θ in 30 non-invasion and 30 invasion meningioma tissue is tested by using immunohistochemistry S-P method,with the goal of analyzing the relationship between the expression of PKC θ and pathology character.Results The positive rate ofPKC θ in invasion meningioma tissue is obviously lower than in non-invasion meningioma tissue.The difference is significant(P<0.05)Conclusions The lower expression of PKC θ in invasion meningioma tissue pmbably affects occurrence and invasion of the meningioma by ehang4ng the structure and function of TJs.

Objective To construct a shRNA lentiviral vector targeting the gene encoding tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) in RAW264. 7 cells, a mouse macrophage cell line, and to investigate the effects of TNFAIP8 gene silencing on the functions of mouse macrophages. Methods The shRNA sequence targeting TNFAIP8 gene was designed and DNA oligos containing small hairpin frame was synthesized. The double-stranded DNA was cloned into pLKO. 1-TRC vector after annealing. The recombi-nant vector was verified by using double enzyme digestion and gene sequencing. Lentiviruses were prepared by transfecting the constructed vector into 293T cells. Fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot as-say were performed to detect the expression of TNFAIP8 at mRNA and protein levels after infecting the RAW264. 7 cells with lentiviruses. Flat dish adhesion experiment and wound-healing assay were used to evaluate the effects of TNFAIP8 gene silencing on the adhesion and migration of RAW264. 7 cells. Results The recombinant lentiviral vector was successfully constructed as indicated by double enzyme di-gestion and gene sequencing analysis. The expression of TNFAIP8 in RAW264. 7 cells at both mRNA and protein levels were significantly down-regulated after lentivirus infection (P<0. 05). Moreover, TNFAIP8 gene silencing significantly impaired the cell adhesion ability of RAW264. 7 cells after 15 min, 30 min or 2 hours of culture. Compared with the cells in control group, the RAW264. 7 cells harboring silenced TN-FAIP8 gene looked round with a smaller number of cellular extensions. The wound-healing assay showed that less TNFAIP8 gene-silenced RAW264. 7 cells migrated into the wounded area as compared with the cells in control group after 24 hours of culture (P<0. 05). The wound-healing rates of the experimental and control groups were 25% and 50%, respectively. Conclusion The recombinant lentiviral vector containing shRNA targeting the TNFAIP8 gene was successfully constructed. Transfecting the RAW264. 7 cells with the con-structed vector significantly silenced the expression of TNFAIP8 gene and inhibited the adhesion and migra-tion of these cells.

Objective To observe the effects and mechanism of lung inflation with carbon monoxide (CO) during the cold ischemia phase on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) after rat lung transplantation.Method Twenty-four pairs of SD rats were selected to establish the model of lung transplantation,and random number method was used to divide 24 donors into 3 groups with 8 rats in each group.(1) CO inflation group (CO group):During the cold ischemia phase,500 ppm CO +volume fraction 40％ O2 + N2 was used for lung inflation,and the volume was 5 mL/kg;(2) O2 inflation group (O2 group):During the cold ischemia phase,volume fraction 40％ O2 + volume fraction 60％ N2 was used for lung inflation;(3) Control group:The lung was deflated during the cold ischemia phase.The gas was replaced every 30 min in the CO and O2 groups,and the lung transplantations were performed after 180 min of cold ischemia.The arterial blood gas analysis was performed at baseline,3 min after reperfusion,and 60,120,and 180 min after reperfusion.The recipient serum levels of relative inflammatory factors,lung tissue cell apoptosis and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) protein expression were detected after 180 min of reperfusion.Result As compared with the control group (238 ± 61 mm Hg),the oxygenation index in the O2 group (293 ± 78 mm Hg) and CO group (361 ± 48 mm Hg) was increased (P＜0.05),and as compared with the O2 group,that in the CO group was increased (P＜0.05).Furthermore,as compared with the control group,the interleukin (IL)-8,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,and cell apoptosis in the O2 group and CO group were decreased significantly,and as compared with the O2 group,those in the CO group and NF-κB protein expression were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusion Lung inflation with CO during the cold ischemia phase ameliorated the rat lung IRI via reducing the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis mediated by the NF-κB pathway.

Objective To discuss the technical points and clinical effectiveness of the guidewire looping technique for re-canalizing chronic and total long-segment occlusions of femoropopliteal arteries.Methods The guidewire tip was formed into a U-shaped loop and then the guidewire loop was advanced to the occluded artery and was manipulated to re-open the occluded vessel. The catheter followed the guidewire gradually until the tip of the guidewire came into the true lumen of the outflow tract. Results The chronic long-segment occlusions of femoropopliteal arteries were successfully re-canalized in all 48 patients with a technical successful rate of 92.31% (48/51). The re-canalization procedure was failed in three cases.Conclusion Guidewire looping technique is an effective, safe and simple practical skill for re-canalizing chronic long-segment occlusions of femoropopliteal arteries.

Objective To analyze the outcome of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treated with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor antibody fusion protein (rhTNFR:Fc) for 2 years,and to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety as well as the related factors that affect the curative effect of rhTNFR:Fc.Methods Fifty-seven JIA patients treated with rhTNFR:Fc were followed up for 2 years.Clinical data were registered including age of onset,disease duration before rhTNFR:Fc treatment,disease activity assessment,medication before treatment,dosage regimen of infection or adverse reactions.Pearson Chi-Square statistical test and logistic regression model of binomial classification were used for statistical analysis.Results ①Twenty-two JIA cases completed 2-year therapy.Some were in the process of dosage tapering.Eight cases reached ACR Pedi 50,14 cases reached ACR Pedi 70.All of them were included in the clinical effectiveness analysis.Thirty-five cases withdrawal in 2 years because of disease remission or treatment failure or side effects or infection.Seven who withdrew and then maintained with DMARDs under the supervision of doctors were evaluated by assessment of ACR Pedi 70.They were stable at the end of 2 years,and were included for the clinical effectiveness analysis group.Nineteen cases were withdrew by the doctor because they failed to reach ACR Pedi 30 within 3 months.They were included in the treatment failure analysis.Seven cases were lost during the follow up.② The remission rate (ACR Pedi 50,70) of SO-J1A in 2 years was 33％.Oligoarthritis rate was 60％,while that of polyarthritis rate was 79％.The statistical analysis showed that different categories and RF level were significantly different in effectiveness and treatment failure (x2=31.6,P＜0.05; x2=5.488,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in age,sex,duration before treatment,AKA,CCP,ANA between the two groups (P＞0.05).③ Logistic regression analysis showed that different categories of JIA and RF levels were correlated with therapy,P＜0.05.The relative risk (OR) value of different categories of JIA was 2.983 (P＜0.05).Negative RF might be the predictive factor for treatment response (OR =0.029,P＜0.05).④ Eight cases (2％) had recurrence and other adverse reations during treatment,the majority (7 cases) was SO-JIA.Conclusions ① The long-term therapeutic effect and safety for oligoarthritis and Polyarthritis by rhTNFR:Fc are better than SO-JIA.② Negative RF maybe the factor associated with favourable rhTNFR:Fc efficacy.③ The long-term safety of rhTNFR:Fc for SO-JIA is good.Physicians should be cautious to infection and other adverse reactions.

Objective To study the missed diagnosis of colorectal polyps during colonoscopy and its risk factors.Methods Data of 655 patients who underwent repeated co]onoscopy in 3 months (90 days) were analyzed in three endoscopy centers in Shenzhen.Miss rates of polyps and patients were calculated.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the suspected risk factors associated with the miss rate including gender,age,symptoms of patient and number,shape,location of polyps.Results A total of 459 polyps(20.47％,459/2 242) in 224 patients(34.20％,204/655) were missed in overall 1 783 polyps within 655 patients.The patient miss rate increased with the polyp count increasing from 1 to 4,but with no significant differences.Polyp count of more than 5 was the independent risk factor for patient miss rate during colonoscopy(OR=4.98,P=0.00).Polyps in males were easier to be missed than those in females (OR =1.76,P =0.00).Size less than 5 mm was the independent risk factor for missed diagnosis during colonoscopy(OR=2.94,P=0.00).The flat type(Yamada Ⅰ,Ⅱ) was also the independent risk factor(OR=2.72,P=0.01;OR=3.23,P=0.00 respectively).Conclusion The miss rate of polyps is related to gender,basic polyp count,the size and shape of polyp.Male with multiple polyps and polyps with flat type and small size tend to be missed.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of the V-Y advancement flap based on double perfo-rators of the posterior tibial artery for reconstruction of small-area tissue defect in the achilles tendon. Methods From June, 2014 to June, 2017, a total of 8 patients with small-area tissue defect in the achilles tendon were repaired by the V-Y advancement flap based on double perforators of the posterior tibial artery. The size of defects ranged from 1.5 cm ×3.5 cm to 3.5 cm ×5.0 cm, and the size of flaps ranged from 2.0 cm ×8.0 cm to 4.0 cm ×12.0 cm. The donor area was directly sutured. Eight cases were followed-up, and the appearance, quality, color and elasticity was raorded. Results All V-Y advancement flaps based on double perforators of the posterior tibial artery survived, and all donor sites were directly sutured. Followed-up for 3 to 12 months. All V-Y advancement flaps were flat with the sur-rounding tissue. The appearance, quality, color and elasticity of flaps were good. According to the related evaluation criteria made by the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgery Society (AOFAS), the results of 8 patients were ex-cellent in 6 cases, and good in 2 cases. The patients had a high degree of satisfaction. Conclusion Application of the V-Y advancement flap based on the double perforators of the posterior tibial artery is an ideal method to repair the small-area tissue defect in the achilles tendon. This kind of surgery is simple, safe and has minimal donor site mor-bidity.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of a new 3D printed guide plate in the minimally invasive treatment of fresh closed Achilles tendon rupture.Methods:From January 2019 to January 2020, 14 fresh closed Achilles tendon ruptures were treated by minimally invasive surgery at Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Xuzhou Renci Hospital. There were 13 males and one female, with an average age of 39.1 years (from 18 to 63 years). The rupture of the Achilles tendon body, 3 cm in length on average, was located 2 to 6 cm above the attachment of the calcaneal tuberosity. The ruptured Achilles tendon was repaired by suture with the aid of the new 3D printed guide plate. After operation, in cooperation of the Rehabilitation Department, we performed rehabilitation exercise under the guidance of the concept of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS). The length of incision, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, ankle function at the last follow-up and follow-up complications were recorded.Results:In this cohort, incision length averaged 2.5 cm (from 2.0 to 3.5 cm), operation time 45 min (from 30 to 60 min), and intraoperative blood loss 15 mL (from 10 to 20 mL). The 14 patients were followed up for 13 to 16 months (average, 14 months) after operation. In one patient, the epidermis at the incision edge became black and necrotic, which was healed after dressing change. Follow-ups observed no such complications as suture rejection, sural nerve injury, or Achilles tendon re-rupture. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores at the last follow-up averaged 98 points (from 93 to 99 points), yielding 13 excellent cases and one good case; according to the Arner-Lindholm evaluation, the efficacy was excellent in 12 cases, good in one and poor in one.Conclusion:The minimally invasive treatment of fresh closed Achilles tendon rupture with our new 3D printed guide plate has exhibited advantages of minimally invasive incision, limited complications, simple manipulation, good functional recovery of the ankle joint and strong reproducibility of surgical operations.

Objective:To summarise the experience in use of sural neurouascular flap in repair of the soft tissue defects of foot and ankle, and explore the methods in promoting the survival and appearance of the flap.Methods:Data of 10 patients who underwent sural neurocutaneous flap surgery for repairing soft tissue defects in the foot and ankle in the Department of Foot and Ankle of Xuzhou Renci Hospital from October 2019 to June 2020 were retrospectively analysed. Among the 10 patients, 8 were males and 2 were females, and the age ranged from 18 to 54 years old, with an average age of 42.5 years old; Causes of injury: 8 patients injured by traffic accident and 2 by incision necrosis after calcaneal fracture operation. The areas of soft tissue defect were 4.0 cm×6.0 cm-16.0 cm×10.0 cm. Sural neurouascular flap was used for the defect repairs. Method of optimisation: ①The small saphenous vein in the flap was separated and retained in the limb to optimise the venous circulation. ②Freed peroneal perforator vessels that entered the pedicle, and made the point where the vessels entering the pedicle as the rotation point. The pedicle contained the sural neurovascular bundle, the main trunk of the small saphenous vein and the fascia tissue, with a width about 2.0 cm. It not only increased the blood supply of the flaps, but also a good appearance of the pedicle. ③ The torsion of the pedicle was covered by an arc-shaped flap and transferred through an open channel to prevent compression. ④The donor site was covered with relay flap. According to the location of the donor site, a proximal peroneal artery perforator flap or medial and lateral sural artery perforator flap was selected. ⑤Sural nerve was anastomosed with the peripheral sensory nerve in some cases. The survival of the flap, Maryland Foot Function Score and British Medical Research Council (BMRC) sensory function evaluation were investigated in the follow-up to evaluate the functional recovery of the flap and limb.Results:All the 10 patients received the follow-up for 6 to 12 months, with an average of 8.5 months. The donor and recipient flaps survived completely with good appearance in lower limb, good soft texture, good elasticity and wear resistance. The sensation of the flap with nerve anastomosis in 3 cases was evaluated according to BMRC, and they achieved sensation recovery up to level of S 3 or above. The patients had great satisfactions. At the last follow-up, the curative efficacy was evaluated according to the Maryland scoring system. It ranged from 85 to 98 points, with an average of 91.6 point, 8 patients in excellent and 2 in good. Conclusion:Sural neurouascular flap can achieve a sufficient blood supply, a reasonable venous circulation and a high survival rate. The donor site was covered with relay flap to obtain a good appearance, and the anastomosed sensory nerve offered a good sensation. The function of foot and ankle recovered well, and the clinical effect was satisfactory.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of TiRobot navigation combined with ankle arthroscopy in the reduction and internal fixation of Hawkins type Ⅱ talus neck fracture.Methods:From January 2019 to September 2020, a total of 13 patients with Hawkins type Ⅱ talus neck fracture were admitted to Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Xuzhou Renci Hospital. They were 8 males and 5 females, with a mean age of 35.8 years (from 22 to 61 years). All fractures were reduced and fixated using TiRobot navigation combined with ankle arthroscopy. Time for fracture reduction assisted by intraoperative arthroscopy, time for internal fixation assisted by TiRobotic navigation, fracture union time and complications were recorded. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score was used at the last follow-up to evaluate the functional outcomes.Results:All the operations were finished within 2 hour. The primary screw placement succeeded in all. The time for fracture reduction assisted by intraoperative arthroscopy averaged 52.8 min (from 43 to 66 min) and the time for internal fixation assisted by TiRobotic navigation 43.6 min (from 33 to 55 min). All the patients were followed up for an average 13.3 months(from 12 to 15 monhs). They obtained bony union within 3 months. One patient developed traumatic subtalar arthritis with mild pain and was treated conservatively. None of the patients had complications like incision infection or talus necrosis. The average AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 91.0 points (from 83 to 94 points) at the last follow-up.Conclusion:In the reduction and internal fixation of Hawkins type Ⅱ talus neck fracture, TiRobot navigation combined with ankle arthroscopy shows advantages of minimal invasion, accurate reduction and screw placement, and limited complications, leading to fine short-term functional outcomes.