Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(pNETs)have a low prevalence,and may be func-tional as secreting biologically active substance or nonfunctional. With the increased understanding of this disease,new technologies are being developed for diagnosis and treatment. However,surgical excision re-mains the primary therapy for localized tumors and the cure rate is not ideal yet. In choosing the appropri-ate therapy for locally advanced/ metastatic pNETs,medical management strategy should be made in a multidisciplinary context. In addition to chemotherapy,there have been significant advances in targeted mo-lecular therapy.

Objective To analyze the MRI characteristics of cavernous angioma of the epidural space in spine.Methods MR imaging features of cavernous angioma of epidural space in 3 cases confirmed by surgery-pathology were analysed with literature review . Results Among the three cases,the tumors located in the lumbar spine in one and in the thoracic spine in 2.The tumors were all at posterior to the spinal cord and shuttle-shaped,the major axis was consistent with the spinal ordinate axis,the corresponding plane spinal cords were compressed and resulting in distortion and shift.The tumors were high signal intensity on T_2WI,and obviously homogeneous enhanced after Gd-DTPA administration. Conclusion MRI examination is the best method to diagnose this kind of disease.

Objective To study the value of~1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy(~1H-MRS) and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) in evaluating the changes of pathological structures of hippocampal sclerosis.Methods Twelve normal controls and twelve cases with temporal lobe epilepsy were examined by conventional MRI,~1H-MRS and DWI.The NAA/(Cr+Cho) ratios and ADC values in the hippocampus were measured and compared between patients and normal controls.Results The NAA/(Cr+Cho) ratios of hippocampus in patients with hippocampal sclerosis were significant decrease in comparison with controls and the contralateral side,and the ADC values were also significant increase.There was correlation between the NAA/(Cr+Cho) ratios and ADC values in the disordered hippocampus(r=-0.79,P=0.002).Conclusion There is a significant correlation between the NAA/(Cr+Cho) ratios and ADC values in the hippocampal sclerosis.~1H-MRS and DWI capture partially complementary aspects of hippocampal pathology noninvasively in vivo.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.