Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(pNETs)have a low prevalence,and may be func-tional as secreting biologically active substance or nonfunctional. With the increased understanding of this disease,new technologies are being developed for diagnosis and treatment. However,surgical excision re-mains the primary therapy for localized tumors and the cure rate is not ideal yet. In choosing the appropri-ate therapy for locally advanced/ metastatic pNETs,medical management strategy should be made in a multidisciplinary context. In addition to chemotherapy,there have been significant advances in targeted mo-lecular therapy.

Objective To analyze the MRI characteristics of cavernous angioma of the epidural space in spine.Methods MR imaging features of cavernous angioma of epidural space in 3 cases confirmed by surgery-pathology were analysed with literature review . Results Among the three cases,the tumors located in the lumbar spine in one and in the thoracic spine in 2.The tumors were all at posterior to the spinal cord and shuttle-shaped,the major axis was consistent with the spinal ordinate axis,the corresponding plane spinal cords were compressed and resulting in distortion and shift.The tumors were high signal intensity on T_2WI,and obviously homogeneous enhanced after Gd-DTPA administration. Conclusion MRI examination is the best method to diagnose this kind of disease.

Objective To study the value of~1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy(~1H-MRS) and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) in evaluating the changes of pathological structures of hippocampal sclerosis.Methods Twelve normal controls and twelve cases with temporal lobe epilepsy were examined by conventional MRI,~1H-MRS and DWI.The NAA/(Cr+Cho) ratios and ADC values in the hippocampus were measured and compared between patients and normal controls.Results The NAA/(Cr+Cho) ratios of hippocampus in patients with hippocampal sclerosis were significant decrease in comparison with controls and the contralateral side,and the ADC values were also significant increase.There was correlation between the NAA/(Cr+Cho) ratios and ADC values in the disordered hippocampus(r=-0.79,P=0.002).Conclusion There is a significant correlation between the NAA/(Cr+Cho) ratios and ADC values in the hippocampal sclerosis.~1H-MRS and DWI capture partially complementary aspects of hippocampal pathology noninvasively in vivo.