OBJECTIVETo culture rat prostate glandular epithelial cells and study their barrier functions in vitro.

METHODSRat prostate glandular epithelial cells were cultured in vitro. The expression of the tight junction protein claudin-1 was determined by immunohistochemistry, the structure and composition of the epithelial cells observed under the inverted microscope and transmission electron microscope. The transepithelial electrical resistances (TEERs) were monitored with the Millicell system. The permeability of the prostate glandular epithelial cells was assessed by the phenol red leakage test.

RESULTSCompact monolayer cell structures were formed in the prostate glandular epithelial cells cultured in vitro. Immunohistochemistry showed the expression of the tight junction protein claudin-1 and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of tight junctions between the adjacent glandular epithelial cells. The TEERs in the cultured prostate glandular epithelial cells reached the peak of about (201.3 ± 3.5) Ω/cm2 on the 8th day. The phenol red leakage test manifested a decreased permeability of the cell layers with the increase of TEERs.

CONCLUSIONThe structure and function of rat prostate glandular epithelial cells are similar to those of brain capillary endothelial cells, retinal capillary endothelial cells, and intestinal epithelial cells. In vitro cultured prostate glandular epithelial cells have the barrier function and can be used as a model for the study of blood prostate barrier in vitro.

Animals ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cells, Cultured ; Claudin-1 ; metabolism ; Electric Impedance ; Epithelial Cells ; pathology ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Phenolsulfonphthalein ; pharmacokinetics ; Prostate ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Tight Junctions

OBJECTIVETo improve the method for monitoring sleep state and respiratory rhythm of SD rats, providing a solution for rats' chewing on the wires, signal loss and instability problems in the animal model of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS).

METHODSWe improved monitoring electrodes of both electrocorticogram (ECoG) and electromyogram (EMG), signal circuit and animal operation.

RESULTSOperation time was shortened and wound exposure time was reduced, which made it easier for postoperative recovery. The ECoG and EMG signals were more stable with sharp image, and signal circuit lines had better conductivity and material durability, achieving continuous monitoring for a long time and high success rate. We could precisely distinguish the sleep wake state and the sleep apnea events in rats according to these signals.

CONCLUSIONThe improved method is more reliable and practical to test the small animal model of SAS, and is more easily to operate and the signals are more stable.

Animals ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Electromyography ; methods ; Models, Animal ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods ; Rats ; Respiration ; Sleep ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; diagnosis

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate (PKRP) and transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods The clinical and follow-up data of 186 patients with BPH were analyzed retrospectively. Two groups of BPH patients (90 patients in PKRP group,96 patients in TURP group) were treated by PKRP and TURP,respectively. The clinical date and therapeutic result were measured and compared for both in-tra-and inter-groups. Results In PKRP group,the operative time,intraoperative bleeding,the rates of damage of prostate surgical membranes,secondary hemorrhage (within 1 month),the rates of postoperative temporary urinary incontinence (within 2 months) were (65.3 ± 12.8)min,(213.6 ± 78.2)ml,5.6%(5/90),2.2% (2/90)and 21.1% (19/90),respectively,while in TURP group,these parameters were (83.6 ± 17.5) min,( 397.4 ± 142.7 )ml,17.7%( 17/96 ),11.5% ( 11/96 )and 36.5% ( 35/96 ),respectively. There were signif-icant differences between the 2 groups (P < 0.05 ). In PKRP group,the international prostate symptom score (IPSS),quality of life(QOL),Qmax and PVR were (4.7 ± 1.3 )scores,(1.1 ± 0.4)scores,( 18.7 ± 5.6)ml/s,(8.9 ± 2.5)ml,respectively,while in TURP group,these parameters were (5.3 ± 1.0)scores,(1.2 ± 0.5) scores,(20.4 ± 4.3 )ml/s,(11.2 ± 3.2)ml,respehively. These parameters were significantly improved after both procedures(P < 0.05),but there was no significant difference in the above parameters between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions PKRP and TURP have similar efficacy in the treatment of BPH,but PKRP ap-pears to have an advantage of more safety and easier blood controls with less physical damage and complica-lion than those in TURP. PKRP is a better treatment option for BPH.

pH, affects of different alkaline materials KOH, K 2CO 3, NaOH, Na 2CO 3 on the growth, and NaCl, KCl tolerance of 29 isolates from the saline and alkaline soils in Xinjiang and Qinghai Provinces of China and 1 type strain were studied. Results showed that only a few alkaliphilic actinomycetes were Na +-obligately dependent, and K +-sensitive. Some alkaliphilic actinomycetes were CO 3 2- -sensitive, and NaCl, KCl could inhibit their growth. 4 kinds of alkaline materials had no affect on growth of alkaliphilic Nocardiopsis, and these strains showed high tolerance to NaCl, KCl. So it was presumed that only K + and CO 3 2- obligately dependent alkaliphilic Actinomycetes maybe exist in alkaline environments.

A slight halophilic denitrifying bacteria(designated GYL)was screened from the activated sludge which was used to treat high-salinity wastewater.According to the results of morphological observation,physiological and biochemical test,sequence analysis of the 16S rDNA,strain GYL was identified as Halo-monas sp..This strain could survive at 10% salinity and the optimal salinity range for growth was 2%~7%.The suitable pH value for growth was 7.5~8.5 and sucrose was the most effective carbon source.The nitro-gen removal efficiency exceeded 80% when the temperature ranged from 25?C to 30?C.Meanwhile hetero-trophic nitrification characteristics of this strain were measured.Results showed that this strain was able to realize SND and ammonia removal rate was 98.3%.It showed that this strain could perform the whole proc-ess of bacteria denitrification independently.

Objective:Bioinformatics was used to analyze the gene expression profile of renal chromophobe cell carcinoma (RCCC) to find out the key genes of RCCC.Methods:Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma gene chip data GSE15641 and GSE11151 were downloaded from the GEO database. Using R software packages such as " Affy" and " limma" in R software to screen differentially expressed genes, combining with David and STRING online bioinformatics tools to analyze the regulatory network of differentially expressed genes and construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, the Hub gene was screened through the Cytohubba plug-in of Cytoscape software.Results:A total of 261 differentially expressed genes were screened, including 194 down-regulated genes and 67 up-regulated genes. Gene enrichment (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed to explore their biological functions. In GO enrichment analysis, biological processes were mainly enriched in cell secretion, gluconeogenesis and cell proliferation regulation; in cell composition, they were mainly enriched in exosomes, plasma membranes and their components; in molecular function, they were mainly enriched in heparin binding; in KEGG pathway analysis, they were mainly enriched in metabolic pathway, antibody biosynthesis pathway and renin angiotensin system pathway. PPI network was constructed by using online bioinformatics tools. The top 10 Hub genes were screened by using cytohubba plug-in in Cytoscape software, which were pipecolic acid and sarcosine oxidase (PIPOX), hydroxyacid oxidase 2 (HAO2), kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), solute carrier family 2 member 2 (SLC2A2), formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD), angiogenin (ANG), APOBEC1 complementation factor (A1CF), aldehyde dehydrogenase 8 family member A1 (ALDH8A1), vitamin D binding protein (GC), histidine rich glycoprotein (HRG).Conclusions:Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes in renal chromophobe cell carcinoma can effectively explore the interaction information of these differentially expressed genes, and provide new ideas for the treatment of renal chromophobe cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Distal radius fractures are often accompanied by the ulna styloid process fractures, and the treatment of the ulna styloid process fracture is disputed in clinic. Manipulative reduction and splint fixation is a common method to treat such diseases. The mechanism of intervention on ulnar styloid process is difficult to obtain in the corpse mechanics experiments. In recent years, the finite element analysis method has been widely used in the field of orthopedics, which has opened up a way for the study of orthopedic disease. OBJECTIVE: To explore the biomechanical mechanism of splint intervention on ulnar styloid fracture by finite element analysis, and to provide the basis for clinical treatment choice. METHODS: A three-dimensional finite element model of normal wrist joint was established based on the forearm and wrist CT images of a healthy volunteer. The validity of the model was verified by comparing with the experimental data in the literature. On this basis, four wrist joint finite element models with and without splint fixation for ulnar styloid type I and type II fractures were established. Under axial compression, lateral extension, pronation and supination working conditions, the changes of the relative displacement of the distal radioulnar joint and the ulnar styloid fracture broken end were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A three-dimensional finite element model of normal wrist joint was established and validated, and the other four models were established based on this model. (2) In pronation and supination conditions, the relative displacement values of the ulnar and radial joints in the ulnar styloid type I and II fracture models were greater than those in the normal wrist joint model, and the displacement was smaller in the type I fracture model than in the type II fracture model; the displacement was significantly reduced after the intervention on the two fracture models by the splint. (3) In the lateral tension, pronation and supination conditions, the displacement values of the ulnar styloid fracture end in the ulnar styloid type I fracture model were smaller than in the type II fracture model, and the displacement values were significantly reduced after the intervention by the splint. Under the remaining conditions, the change of the above values was not obvious. (4) In conclusion, the stability of distal radioulnar joint became worse after ulnar styloid fracture, and the stability of distal radioulnar joint after type I fracture was less than that after type II fracture. As an elastic fixation method, splint can increase the stability of the wrist ulnar column during the treatment.

BACKGROUND: Hypothermia is associated with poor outcome in trauma patients; however, hemorrhagic shock (HS) model with anesthetized swine was different from that of clinical reality. To identify the effects of environmental hypothermia on HS, we investigated hemodynamics and oxygen dynamics in an unanesthetized swine model of HS under simulating hypothermia environment.METHODS: Totally 16 Bama pigs were randomly divided into ambient temperature group (group A) and low temperature group (group B), 8 pigs in each group. Venous blood (30 mL/kg) was continuously withdrawn for more than 15 minutes in conscious swine to establish a hemorrhagic shock model. Pulmonary arterial temperature (Tp), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), hemoglobin (Hb), saturation of mixed venous blood (SvO2) and blood gas analysis were recorded at the baseline and different hemorrhagic shock time (HST). The whole body oxygen delivery indices, DO2I and VO2I, and the O2 extraction ratio (O2ER) were calculated.RESULTS: Core body temperature in group A decreased slightly after the hemorrhagic shock model was established, and environmental hypothermia decreased in core body temperature. The mortality rate was significantly higher in group B (50％) than in group A (0％). DO2I and VO2I decreased significantly after hemorrhage. No difference was found in hemodynamics, DO2I and VO2I between group A and group B, but the difference in pH, lactic acid and O2ER was significant between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Environmental hypothermia aggravated the disorder of oxygen metabolism after hemorrhagic shock, which was associated with poor prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate of the value of monitoring of saturation of blood oxygen of the injured extremity on prevention of osteofascial compartmental syndrome.

METHODSTwenty patients of osteofascial compartmental syndrome included 13 male and 7 female with an average age of 32 years ranging from 13 to 60. There were 13 cases of tibial and fibual fractures, 3 cases of tibial plateau fractures, 4 cases of femoral shaft fractures. SpO2 on the end of injured extremities were dynamic monitored and osteofascial compartmental pressure was measured by modified Whiteside method. The data of two group were compared.

RESULTSAmong 20 cases, it's negative correlation between the data of pulse blood oxygen saturation and osteofascial compartmental pressure.

CONCLUSIONThe method of dynamic monitor extremity SpO2 can reflect indirectly the ischemia in muscle and nerve and report the early diagnosis and management of osteofascial compartmental syndrome.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Compartment Syndromes ; blood ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Female ; Heart Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Ischemia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; metabolism ; Nerve Tissue ; metabolism ; Oximetry ; methods ; Oxygen ; blood ; Regional Blood Flow ; physiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the analgesic effects of single-and combined-laser irradiation with low-intensity applied at "Zusanli" (ST 36) in rats, and their relation to degranulation of mast cells.

METHODSSixty-six SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control group (Group NC), model control group (Group MC), sham irradiation group (Group SI), 10.6 microm laser irradiation group (Group 10.6 microm LI), 650 nm laser irradiation group (Group 650 nm LI) and combined (10.6 microm + 650 nm) laser irradiation group (Group CLI). Complete Freund's Adjuvant (0.05 mL) was injected into the left ankle joints of all the rats except those in Group NC to cause acute adjuvant-induced arthritis. In treatment, laser irradiation was applied at "Zusanli" (ST 36) for 30 minutes in all the rats except those in Group NC and Group MC. The paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to radian heat was used to compare analgesic effects among the groups. By means of toluidine blue, dyed slices of local tissues of "Zusanli" (ST 36) were used to observe changes of mast cell degranulation before and after laser irradiation.

RESULTSThe pain thresholds to irradiation of the rats in Group 650 nm LI and Group CLI were significantly higher than those in Group MC and Group SI (P < 0.01), and the mast cell degranulation rate in Group 650 nm LI and Group CLI were also significantly higher than that in Group MC and Group SI (P < 0.001). The pain threshold and mast cell degranulation rate in Group 10. 6 microm LI were not significantly different from those in Group MC and Group SI. There was a linear correlation between mast cell degranulation rate and PWL with 0. 737 in coefficient (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSingle 650 nm laser and combined 650 nm + 10.6 microm laser with low intensity irradiated at "Zusanli" (ST 36) in acute adjuvant rats can provide remarkable analgesic effects, and there was a positive correlation between mast cell degranulation rate and analgesic effects, which plays an important part in laser irradiation-induced analgesia.

Acupuncture Analgesia ; methods ; Acute Disease ; Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Cell Degranulation ; radiation effects ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; methods ; Male ; Mast Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Threshold ; radiation effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley