Objective:To study the correlation between responses to Hepatitis B and HLA DRB1*07 DRB1*04 DRB1*1001. DQB1*0401 genes in Han population in Ningbo.Methods:A total of 240 Han people living in Ningbo received the routine vaccination of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.The serum levels of anti-HBs antibody were examined and the subjects were divided into 2 groups according to tile results:negative responses group(n=120.anti-HBs D

Although chronic infection with various pathogens including viruses directly contributes to only approximately 25% of cancers worldwide, chronic inflammation is closely linked to the development, progression and prognosis of most human cancers. In this article the author bring forth a hypothesis termed as “Cancer Evolution-Development” (Cancer Evo-Dev), which is based on our series of studies on the molecular mechanisms of HBV infection-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, gastrointestinal and urological cancers, and world wide advances in this field. The core theory of this hypothesis is: the imbalance or dysfunction caused by the interactions of genetic predispositions and environmental exposures such as viral infection is responsible for the maintenance of chronic non-resolving inflammation. Then non-resolving inflammation promotes cancer occurrence and progression and persists throughout the cancer evolution, which is characterized by a process of “mutation-selection-adaptation”. Under the microenvironment of non-resolving inflammation, pro-inflammatory factors promote mutations in viral or host genomes by trans-activating cytidine deaminases and their analogues or by inducing oxidative stress. The majority of cells acquired somatic mutations and mutated viruses are eliminated in survival competition; only a small percentage of the mutated cells are selected and function as canceHnitiating cells; these mutated cells have altered survival signaling pathways and undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via epigenetic modification by proinflammatory molecules in an inflammatory microenvironment. The selected cells exhibit the characteristics of “sternness” such as overcoming senescence. robbing nutrition, and proliferating immortally, thus promotes carcinogenesis and invasion. Cancers generally possess the properties of “backward evolution” and “retro-differentiation”, suggesting the indispensability of stem-like signaling pathways in cancer Evo-Dev. This hypothesis of Cancer Evo^Dev is expected to be not only testable in understanding the inherent mechanisms by which inflammation promotes the development of cancers, but also instructive for the prophylaxis and control of cancers in the model of predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory (P4) medicine.

Epidemic of infectious diseases after devastating earthquakes is affected by various factors, including the damage of infrastructure, geographic and climate condition as well as human activity. Pollution of water resources, increase of biological vectors, poor sanitation condition as well as the local or introduced pathogens are the major risk factors for food- or water-borne diseases, vector-borne diseases and air-borne diseases after the earthquake. Prevention and control of infectious diseases in the disaster area should focus on the source of infection, transmission pathway and susceptible population. Meanwhile, attention should be paid on ecological deterioration caused by excessive use of insecticides and disinfectants. Health education to the disaster refugees and rebuilding of local public health infrastructure are the keys for the consistency of epidemic prevention. This article analyzes some possible problems concerning epidemic prevention after the devastating earthquake and proposes 10 suggestions for disease control and prevention during the later-period of epidemic prevention.

Objective:To investigate frequencies of microsatellite instability(MSI)and loss of heterozygosity(LOH)in renal ceil carcinoma(RCC),and to discuss the relationship of clinicopathological characteristics of RCC with MSI and LOH. Methods:Twelve microsatellite markers located at chromosomes 3p,9p and 14q were selected to investigate microsatellite alterations(MSI and LOH)in 31 RCC specimens and their paired metastasis specimens by polymerase chain reaction- polyacrylamide gel elect rophoresis-ethylene dibromide(PCR-PAGE-EB)staining and sequencing.Results:The frequency of MSI could reached 61.3% and that of LOH could reach 54.8%.The highest frequency of MSI was at locus of D9S168(32.3%);the highest frequency of LOH was at locus of D3S1289(21.4%).No correlation was found between MSI or LOH and the patients' age,sex,pathology type and metastastis,except that MSI was correlated with TNM stage of RCC(P

Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) plays a significant role in the DNA repair process by catalyzing the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD+ to its receptors. It is a promising anticancer drug target and many PARP-1 inhibitors have been developed and used in the clinical trial. In this work, a series of 3-(2-oxo-2-substituted acetamido)benzamides have been synthesized and their inhibitory activities against PARP-1 were evaluated. Of all the tested compounds, six compounds displayed inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 0.23 to 5.78 µmol.L-1 . The binding pose of compound 5a was predicted using molecular docking to facilitate further structural modification.
Antineoplastic Agents ; Benzamides ; chemistry ; DNA Repair ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is in the pandemic.SARS-CoV-2 is believed to originate from natural evolution.This RNA virus keeps evolving, even during spillover into humans via intermediate hosts.The evolutionary trend of SARS-CoV-2 in humans is characterized as an increased human-to-human transmission.The current major countermeasures against COVID-19 pandemic remain to be public health interventions, specifically targeting to the transmission pathway.In addition, the key point for the prophylaxis is to screen and isolate asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers, which may be a crucial source of infection.The efficiency of active immunization using vaccine to protect susceptible population needs to be extensively evaluated in population of large scale.

Objective To investigate the epidemical characteristics and analyze the incidence trend of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Methods The daily new confirmed cases of 2019 COVID-19 in China from January 25 to February 8, 2020 were collected for epidemiological descriptive analysis. Results During the period from January 25 to February 8, 2020, the number of daily new confirmed cases fell for five consecutive days, from 890 cases on February 3 to 509 cases on February 8. Conclusion The incidence of COVID-19 slows down in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) except Hubei and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, but the overall situation is still not optimistic.It is imperative to pay close attention to the origin and destination of migrant workers and the incidence of disease in various areas, and to take targeted measures to strengthen prevention and control of the disease.

Malignant diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and heart diseases have ranked the top 3 causes of death in urban China over the past decade. Due to lack of effective prevention and control method, malignant diseases are currently the major cause of death prior to the average life span in China. A focus of modern medicine is to explore the risk factors and the progression of malignant diseases. Community-based epidemiological research on malignancies lays a foundation for accurately determining the incidences, mortalities, and their changes, assessing disease burden of malignancies, exploring the etiological factors and their evolutionary rule, conducting pertinent prophylaxis, and evaluating the therapeutic efficacy. The key for etiological research of malignant diseases is to understand the dynamic interactions between environmental risk factors and the genetic susceptibility. The etiological factors and important biomarkers for early diagnosis of malignant diseases should be further verified in community-based cohort studies. Community-based population medical research possesses particular advantages in evaluating the effect of clinical interventions on survival of patients with malignancies. Enforcement of community-based population medicine is of great public health significance in reducing the incidence and improving the survival of patients with malignant diseases.

In March 2013, death caused by infection with the novel H7N9 avian influenza virus was firstly reported in China. In addition to the viral evolution factors such as gene recombination and variation in key amino acid sites, social factors also contribute to human infection of the deadly virus. By now China still needs a standardized poultry breeding process, an orderly poultry trade market, a strong health awareness among poultry-related workers, and a strong sel--protection awareness among all citizens. Social factors may increase the chance of influenza virus transmission from birds to humans via increasing close contact. Therefore, a close joint effort of related government departments, including the agriculture, forestry, and medication, is needed for effective control and surveillance of H7N9 epidemic. The health protection and risk awareness should be upgraded among the citizens through health education. Meanwhile, research and development of influenza vaccine should be accelerated based on the surveillance data of the influenza virus evolution. Public health prophylaxis based on social influencing factors should be important in reducing the incidence of avian flu infection in human.

Living with internationalization, it becomes increasingly important to develop the ability of acquiring knowledge from and publishing professional articles international medical journals.However, current English teaching in colleges is predominantly by cramming method and without clear aims.As a result, students make little learning progress.Production-oriented Approach, proposed by Professor Qiufang Wen, is an important theory to reform the modern English Teaching.Based on this theory, we designed and performed the course of Medical English Writing and Literature Reading for graduate students.For the aim of literature writing, we matched the teaching content with the pertinent language ability to achieve the goal.The process of teaching was initiated with output, followed by input, then tested by another output.As a result, students′ writing was improved effectively in correctness and in awareness of the rules.In addition, their ability to comprehend difficult and long sentences was also found to be improved.We believe Production-oriented Approach conforms to the requirements of English Teaching in college and can contribute to the teaching goal.