Burns ; microbiology ; Humans ; Wound Infection ; prevention & control

Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Ribavirin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Standard of Care

Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery

Burn Units ; Cross Infection ; therapy ; Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Pneumonia ; etiology ; therapy ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; etiology ; therapy ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVE To study the phenomenon of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) and antibody(HBsAb) both positive in blood samples.METHODS Using electro-chemo-luminescence immune system E170 to detect HBsAg and HBsAb in clinical samples and retest the both positive cases by another two reagents for HBsAg and another three reagents for HBsAb.RESULTS All 7332 samples showed 140 both HBsAg and HBsAb positive(1.9%) and 73 of them were retested for HBsAb by another three reagents which gave altogether 24 positive results,which was not related to each other.Those gave higher HBsAb value by E170 showed higher positive rate by Abbott reagent.CONCLUSIONS HBsAg and HBsAb both positive results are not rare.It may be due to the interactions between the patient and the infected hepatitis B virus.Besides,the quality of reagents and correct lab operating procedures may also affect the test results.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Benzamides ; Dasatinib ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Thiazoles ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

The roles of chemokine and chemokine receptor family in immune diseases are drawing increasing attention, as they are very important in maintaining cell survival, inducing gene expression, directly guiding cell migration and regulating immunity. The paper reviews the expression and possible roles of chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligands in immune diseases, as well as the latest therapies targeting them.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the stability of epirubicin hydrochloride solutions for clinical use prepared from three different formulations (one concentrated solution and two powders for injection). METHODS: Epirubicin hydrochloride in three formulations was dissolved or diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride to prepare the test solutions with concentration of 0.4mg · mL-1. These solutions were stored at different temperatures and under different shading circumstances, and samples were collected periodically during the storage to evaluate the stability, including visual inspection, pH value and content of epirubicin. RESULTS: All epirubicin solutions were stable when stored at 2-8°C under dark condition for 40 d with average content of greater than 93.76%. When stored atroom temperature with or without light exposure for 40 d, only the solution diluted from the concentrated water solution for injection was stable, as the average content remained above 92.57%. While the solutions prepared from the other two powders for injection were not stable, as the average content fell below 90% at room temperature after 2-7 d. CONCLUSION: Epirubicin solutions prepared from three different formulations are stable when stored either at 2-8°C under dark condition for 40 d or at room temperature for 24 h. The solution prepared from the concentrated water solution for injection is more stable than the solutions prepared from the two powders for injections when stored at room temperature for a long period (40 d).

0.05).Conclusion Serum leptin play an important role in puberty of girls and closely is correlated with BMI and BF% regardless of age and sex in 6-14 years old children in poor rural areas.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare rhein-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles, and investigate their physicochemical properties, release behavior in vitro and pharmacokinetics in vivo in rats. METHODS: Rhein-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles were prepared by a modified spontaneous emulsificationsolvent diffusion method with PLA as the carrier. The morphology of rhein-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles was observed by transmission electron microscope. Mean particle size and Zeta potential were estimated by laser particle size analyzer. Entrapment efficiency and drug loading were investigated by ultracentrifugation. Drug release behavior in vitro was studied by dialysis. Using rhein aqueous suspension as control, the pharmacokinetic behavior of rhein-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles after oral administration in rats were studied. RESULTS: The shape of rhein-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles was spherical. The mean particle size, Zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and drug loading were (134.37 ± 3.61) nm, (-18.41 ± 0.07) mV, (60.37 ± 1.52)% and (1.32 ± 0.09)%, respectively. The profiles of release were fitted well by Higuchi equation. Results of pharmacokinetic study showed that the ρmax of rhein suspension and rhein-loaded polylactic acid nanoparticles were (5.788 ±0.15) and (11.607 ± 0.56) mg · L-1, tmax were (0.193 ±0.01) and (1.102 ±0.13) h, AUC0→t were(8.077 ±2.98) and (34.583 ±3.93) mg · h · L-1, t1/2β were (3.319 ±0.23) and (21.721 ± 6.13) h, respectively. CONCLUSION: Polylactic acid nanoparticles can effectively improve the pharmacokinetic behaviour and oral bioavailability of rhein. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.