Cell Phone ; DNA Damage ; Electromagnetic Fields ; adverse effects ; Mutagenicity Tests

Stem cells are characterized by self-renewing, multipotent differentiation, and high proliferation and receiving more and more attention for their roles in the development and management of various diseases. There are epithelial stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells in the prostate. The markers of the epithelial stem cells include cytokeratin, stem cell antigen-1, and integrins alpha2beta1, CD49f, CD133, CD117, and CD44. The markers of the mesenchymal stem cells include CD30, CD44, CD133, neuron-specific enolase, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1. Prostate stem cells are involved in the development and treatment of prostatic diseases. This review focuses on the latest progress in the studies of prostate stem cells.
Antigens, CD ; Biomarkers ; Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Integrin alpha2beta1 ; Male ; Prostate ; cytology ; Stem Cells ; chemistry ; cytology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Palatal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Uvula ; pathology

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ(PPARγ)in bladder urothelial cancer tissues.Methods Parafflin‐embeded specimen of bladder urothelial cancer tissues from 50 cases and normal tissues near the bladder urothelial cancer from 5 cases were harvested from the Pathology Department of the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between 2006 and 2009.Those cases had complete pathological and clinical data.The ex‐pression of PPARγ was detected by immunohistochemical SP method.Quantitative analysis of the PPARγ was measured by high definition pathological graphics context report system (HPIAS‐1000).One‐way analysis of variance and SNK (q)tests were used to analyze the mean density and the positive area rate of the immunohistochemical results.All data were processed by SPSS 13.0.Results The expression of PPARγwas significantly higher in bladder urothelial cancer tissues than in para‐carcinoma tis‐sues(P<0.05).Correlation between expression of PPARγ with TNM stag of bladder urothelial cancer was as follows :Positive rate of PPARγin the tissues with primary tumor size ≥3 cm was 72.4% ,significantly higher than 33.3% in the tissues with tumor size <3 cm(P<0.05);positive rate of PPARγin the cases with lymph node metastasis was 72.7% ,significantly higher than 46.4% in the cases without lymph node metastasis(P<0.05);positive rate of PPARγin patients at stage T3‐4 group was 75.0% ,significantly higher than 41.9% and 45.5% in patients at clinical stage T1 and T2(P<0.05);positive rate of PPARγin patients with poor differentiation was 68.2% ,significantly higher than 42.9% in patients with high or middle differentiation group(P<0.05).Conclusion PPARγ plays an important regulating role in the onset and progress of bladder urothelial cancer ;PPARγexpression level was correlated with primary tumor size ,pathological types and differentiation degree ,lymph node me‐tastasis and clinical stage.This result suggested that PPARγ was closely correlated to metastasis of bladder urothelial cancer.

Infectious endophthalmitis refers to the acute suppurative inflammation of the uveal and retinal, with acute onset, severe symptoms, and poor prognosis.Early diagnosis and effective treatment is particularly important.Based on the way of intraocular infection, endophthalmitis can be divided into endogenous endophthalmitis and exogenous endophthalmitis.In the East Asian, liver abscess is the main source of endogenous endophthalmitis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae is the main pathogen.Liver abscess endophthalmitis is a serious cause of blindness caused by intraocular infection.A liver infection disseminated through hematogenous and the primary focus was hidden, which makes the disease was easy to be confused with immune related uveitis, causing high misdiagnosis rate, delaying the best time for diagnosis and treatment.In this article we reviewed the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess.Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion to the endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess.

This study examined the roles of HLA-G in the pathogenesis, development and immune tolerance of hemangioma. From 2000 to 2007, 52 paraffin-embedded specimens (26 from males and 26 from females) of skin capillary hemangioma and 7 samples of adjacent normal skin tissues were collected. Four fresh specimens of hemangioma were also harvested. All samples were HE-stained and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was immunohistochemically detected by using SP method. The samples were classified into proliferative group and degenerative group according to the Mulliken criteria and the expression pattern of PCNA. SP method and quantum dots double staining were applied to detect the expression of HLA-G and PCNA in hemangioma and normal tissue samples. The expression of HLA-G was detected by RT-PCR. The results showed that among the 52 samples of hemangioma, 29 were of proliferative type and 23 degenerative type, and of the four fresh samples of hemangioma, 2 were of proliferative type and 2 degenerative type. SP method results showed that HLA-G was expressed in both proliferative and degenerative hemangioma, but not in normal tissues. The quantum dots double staining exhibited that HLA-G expression was significantly higher in proliferative group than in degenerative (P<0.05) and normal groups (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the latter two groups (P>0.05). RT-PCR revealed that HLA-G was transcribed in both the proliferative and degenerative hemangioma tissues, but not in normal tissues. We are led to conclude that the elevated expression of HLA-G in proliferative hemangioma cells may lead to immune tolerance, which allows cells to escape immune surveillance and proliferate. On the other hand, the lower expression of HLA-G in degenerative hemangioma may result in immune cells-induced degeneration of hemangioma.

Drug therapy is one of the efficient methods for prostate cancer treatment. However, drug resistance greatly hindered the treatment of prostate cancer patients. Herein, the mechanisms of drug resistance in prostate cancer have been exhaustively reviewed, and that can provide an alternative strategy and new targets for anti-prostate cancer therapy.
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy

Humans ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; prevention & control

The PDB culture medium was selected to ferment the endophyte strain, and the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi Penicillium polonicum were studied. Combined application of Sephadex LH-20, ODS and HPLC chromatographies over the ethyl acetate extract of the fermented culture led to the isolation of 6 compounds. By spectral methods, the structures were elucidated as [3, 5-dihydroxy-2-(7-hydroxy-octanoyl)]-ethylphenylacetate (1), (3, 5-dihydroxy-2- octanoyl)-ethyl phenylacetate (2), (5, 7-di- hydroxy-9-heptyl)-isobenzo pyran-3-one (3), 3-(hydroxymethyl) 4-(1E)-1- propen-1-yl-(1R, 2S, 5R, 6S)-7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] hept-3-ene-2, 5-diol (4), (E)-2-methoxy-3-(prop-1-enyl) phenol (5) and p-hydroxylphenylethanol (6).
Biological Factors ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Endophytes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Fabaceae ; microbiology ; Fermentation ; Penicillium ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Secondary Metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of using polytetraflouroethylene (e-PTFE) tube with self-Schwann cells implanted to repair facial nerve defect.

METHODSEnzymatic digest method was used to get pure Schwann cells in short time. The e-PTFE membrane tube was used to bridge the 1.0 cm defect of facial nerve and pure self-Schwann cells were injected into the tube. As control group, the e-PTFE tube without self-Schwann cells was used in the same way. Electric physiological and histological examinations were taken in different times.

RESULTSThe effect of nerve regeneration of the experimental group was better than control group at any time. The nerve conduction velocity of the experimental group was 29.70 m/s in the 16th week, while the control groups was 23.00 m/s respectively at the same time.

CONCLUSIONIt is possible to obtain sufficient active Schwann cells by enzymatic digest method. Using e-PTFE tube to bridge the defect of facial nerve with self-Schwann cells implanted can get effect of nerve regeneration.