Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Benzamides ; Dasatinib ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Thiazoles ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Autophagy is a classical regulatory mechanism of energy metabolism and self-update system in the maintenance of the intracellular homeostasis and cell development. Autophagy has been recently found to play a role in tumor development. Autophagy regulates tumor formation, proliferation, metastasis, and metabolism. At the same time, the anticancer drugs formed with autophagic mediators have been used in the treatment, which suggested that improving autophagy activity to inhibit tumor has become a new way for cancer treatment of cancer patients. This article gives an overview of the regulatory mechanism of autophagy, the relationship between autophagy and tumor, and tumor therapy by targeting autophagy.
Antineoplastic Agents ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; physiopathology

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nimodipine for cerebral vasospasm (CVS) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods: The database of searched Pubmed, OVID, EMBase, Cochrane library, Stroke Trials Register (U. S. Clinical Trials Registry) , and the National Science and Technology Library up to November 2010 were reviewed. The prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trials about preventive application of nimodipine in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage controlled clinical trials was collected. Meta-analysis was performed for the studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Circled digit oneEight studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1499 patients completed the trials and observations of the different indicators respectively. In all the patients, the complete recovery rate increased 64% in the nimodipine group compared to the placebo group (P = 0.0002, OR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.26-2.13; the number of patients needed to treat [NNT] = -1.048). The patients with complete recovery or moderate disability increased 79% (P = 0.0007, OR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.28-2.51; NNT = -5.889); the rates of death, severe disability or vegetative survival decreased 38% (P = 0.0003, OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.48-0.80; NNT = 1.529); the mortality of the patients with CVS decreased 74% (P = 0.008, OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.09-0.71; NNT = 2.29%); the incidence of symptomatic CVS decreased 46% (P < 0.00001, OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.42-0.69; NNT = 1.952); the incidence of delayed neurological deficits in all patients decreased 38% (P < 0.0001, OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.50-0.78; NNT = 1.078); the incidence of symptomatic cerebral infarction decreased 46% (P < 0.00001, OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.42-0.69; NNT = 1.079); the incidence of cerebral infarction confirmed by CT was 58% of the placebo group (P < 0.001, OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.42-0.81; NNT = 3.314); the incidence of cerebral infarction in patients with CVS was 35% of the placebo group (P = 0.003, OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.17-0.69; NNT = 3.688), and the incidence of cerebral infarction in all the patients was only 52% of the placebo group (P < 0.00001, OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.41-0.66; NNT = 1.196); and there were no significant differences for the incidences of rehemorrhage and adverse reaction between the nimodipine group and the placebo group (rehemorrhage: P = 0.15, OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.50-1.11; adverse reaction; P = 0.59, OR = 1.13, 95% CI 0.71 -1.81). Conclusion: Nimodipine may significantly improve the clinical outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and decrease the incidence of symptomatic CVS, delayed neurological deficits and cerebral infarction, while the incidence of rehemorrhage and adverse reaction were almost the same with the placebo group.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) and open pedicle screw fixation (OPSF) in the treatment of single level of thoracolumbar fracture.

METHODSDatabases including Pubmed, Embasem, CNKI were searched to collect clinical trials of the clinical safety and efficiency of PPSF and OPSF for single level of thoracolumbar unstable fracture, relevant proceedings and references were also retrieved manually. Studies from 1990 to 2014 that met the inclusion and exclusion standards were researched. The data were extracted and the methods from the studies were also evaluated. Data analysis was conducted with the Review Manager 5.3 software. Observation targets included operation time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative bleeding, hospitalization time, the bed time, postoperative vertebral Cobb angle, vertebral body height, pain score and the length of incision operation.

RESULTSFifteen papers were finally studied, including 2 randomized controlled trials (RCT) and 13 case-control studies, involving 789 patients. Compared with OPSF, the PPSF in treating thoracolumbar fracture had shorter operation time, smaller operation incision, less intraoperative and postoperation bleeding, shorter hospitalization days, fewer pain (P<0.00001), the less improvement in the change of Cobb angle (P=0.0006). There was no significant difference in the improvement of vertebral body height (P=0.36), the bed time from operation to exercise (P=0.38) between OPSF and PPSF.

CONCLUSIONCompared with OPSF, PPSF is better, safer, and has fewer pain. But there is no evidence that the PPSF is better in the recovery of the spinal height, and they have the same effect in the long-term follow-up for thoracolumbar fractures. PPSF brines minimally invasive to patients with better effect. It is worth further study and clinical research.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Pedicle Screws ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To observe the branches and distribution of the tibial nerve and analyze the compressed position of it.Methods Twenty sides of adult cadavers were anatomized and the tibial nerve branches in ankle,foot,the internal and external plantar tunnel were observed.Correlated data was measured and recorded.Results ① The tendinous part of abductor hallucis muscle that was located under the muscle and consisted the surface of the internal and external plantar tunnel was(8.62?0.79)cm in length,(3.01?0.30)cm in width,and the thickness of it was about(0.24?0.02)cm.The internal and external nerves were located in the internal and external tunnel.The length of the internal tunnel was about(4.58?0.41)cm,and the diameter was(1.11?0.10)cm.The length of the external tunnel was about(2.58?0.23)cm,the diameter was about(0.96?0.08)cm.② Internal hell nerve was in an isolated tunnel interior the hell,which was the hell tunnel.The length of the hell tunnel was about(3.03?0.21)cm,the diameter was(1.07?0.09)cm.Conclusion The tibial nerve branches can be compressed at internal,external plantar tunnel or the heel tunnel.When making neurolysis of the tibial nerve for tarsal tunnel syndrome patients,except for the flexor retinaculum,the internal and external plantar tunnel and the hell tunnel should also be decompressed especially for the patients with the symptom of compressed single branch.

Objective To evaluate the effect of different densities of830nm laser irradiation on genetic damages in mice cells.Methods 100Kunming mice were randomly divided into micronuleus groups and sperm group,as well as control group.Mice thymus glands and spleens were irradiated with an830nm semiconductor laser,30mW for5minutes or20minutes each day in vitro,and the micronuclei of polychromatic erythrocytes in sternum bone marrow and rate of abnormal sperm produced were determined.Results Laser irradiation induced deformed sperm(? 2 =111.747,P=0.000),while higher dose(20min per day)laser irradiation increased the micronuclei of polychromatic erythrocytes in sternum bone marrow.There was statistical significance in the difference between the rates of abnormal sperm and micronuclei in sternum bone marrow caused by irradiation on thymus and spleen(? 2 =27.395,P=0.000)and there was dosage effect.The spleen was the more sensitive.Conclusion Laser irradiation at830nm might have a genetic damages to mice cells.Attention should be paid to the potential hazardous effects induced by semiconductor laser irradiation.

Objective To research the toxicokinetics model of lead acetate in the domestic rabbits.Methods Injecting lead acetate into the vein of the domestic rabbit at the dose of 3 mg/kg,then the blood was collected at the 10th,20th,30th,60th,90th,120th,180th,240th and 360th min.The concentrations of the blood lead were measured by differential potentiometric stripping analysis,the data were analyzed by DAS2.0 software.Results The linear was at the range of 10 to 50 ?g/ml,the major toxicokinetics parameters were:t1/2? = 8.60 min,t1/2? = 67.69 min,t1/2? = 729.84 min,V1= 77 033.08 L/kg,CL = 709.27 L/(min?kg),AUC(0-t) = 3 106.59 ng/(L?min).According to the smallest principle of AIC,the lead concentration in vivo conformed to the three compartmental models in domestic rabbit after injecting lead acetate at 3 mg/kg.Conclusion The lead concentration conforms to the three compartmental models in the domestic rabbit after intravascular injection of lead acetate,and it is eliminated according to the first order processes.

Objective To establish a UV spectrophotometry method for determination of diphenylamine in air of workplaces.Methods The air samples were collected by glass fiber filter treated with sulfuric acid,desorbed with alcohol by ultrasonic for 10 min,determined by UV spectrophotometry.Results The detection range of the method was 0.19-60 mg/m3(the air volume was15 L).The regression equation:y=0.13x-0.016.The correlation coefficients was 0.999 9.The detection limit was 0.28 ?g/ml.The relative standard deviations was 1.9% -8.4%.Sample-collected efficiency was 99%,desorption efficiency was 98% and the penetration capacity was more than 2.2 mg.Sample stability was 10 days at least by being stored in a refrigerator at 4℃ or by ambient storage.Conclusion This method is applicable to the determination of diphenylamine in air of workplaces.

Objective:To study the methods of prevention and occurrence of complications in abdominal operation patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods:Analys is the occurrence of postoperative complications and influencing factors in 41 cases in abdominal diseases patients with liver cirrhosis.Results:The incidence rate of postoperative complications was 63.4%(26/41),19 patients with 1 complication,7 patients with 2 or more than 2 complications.Five patients died,Mortality was 12.2%(5/41).Ascites,Child classification,portal hypertension,esophageal varices and intraopera-tive bleeding were influencing factors of occurrence of postoperative complications in abdominal disease patients with liver cirrhos is analyzed using Logistic regression analysis.Conclusion:Positive perioperative management,reducing the intraoperative and postoperative bleeding,Intra-abdominalinfection prevention and ascitic treatment are importent factors in reducing postoperative complications and mortality.