Piperazine drugs, N - benzyl piperazine (BZP), 1 - (3 - chlorobenzene) piperazine (mCPP), 1 - (3 - three lfuorinated methyl phenyl) piperazine (TFMPP) have excitation and hallucinogenic effects similar to MDMA. They have became the alternative LSDs, abuse of substitues in the world reported increased year by year. The paper reviewed three piperazines regulation, abuse, toxicology, detection methods, and hope to provide a reference for judicial departments to crack down on the crime of the drug uses.

Objective To determine the optimum dose of nalbuphine prepared for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after caesarean section.Methods A total of 100 parturients,aged 22-40 yr,weighing 60-90 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,at ≥ 37 weeks of gestation,scheduled for elective caesarean section,were divided into 4 groups (n=25 each) using a random number table:sufentanil 2.0 μ,g/kg group (group S),nalbuphine 1.5 mg/kg group (group N1),nalbuphine 2.0 mg/kggroup (group N2,) and nalbuphine2.5 mg/kggroup (group N3).In S,N1,N2 and N3 groups,sufentanil 2.0 μg/kg and nalbuphine 1.5,2.0 and 2.5 mg/kg were added to PCIA solution,respectively,tropisetron 12 mg was added,and PCIA solution was then diluted to 100 ml in normal saline.The PCA pump was set up to deliver a 1 ml bolus dose with a 10-min lockout interval and background infusion at 2 ml/h after a loading dose of 3 ml.Tramadol 50 mg was intravenously injected as a rescue analgesic to maintain visual analogue scale score at rest ≤ 4 or during activity (cough) ≤ 6.The highest Ramsay sedation score,requirement for rescue analgesics,the number of unsuccessfully delivered doses,the number of attempts and occurrence of nausea and vomiting,pruritus and somnolence within 48 h after operation were recorded.Results Compared with group S,the number of unsuccessfully delivered doses,the number of attempts and requirement for rescue analgesics were significantly decreased in N2 and N3 groups,the incidence of somnolence and the highest Ramsay sedation scores were increased in group N3 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group N1 (P＞ 0.05).Compared with group N1,the number of unsuccessfully delivered doses,the number of attempts and requirement for rescue analgesics were significantly decreased in N2 and N3 groups,and the incidence of somnolence and the highest Ramnsay sedation scores were increased in group N3 (P＜0.05).Compared with group N2,the incidence of somnolence and the highest Ramsay sedation scores were significantly increased (P＜0.05),and no significant difference was found in the number of unsuccessfully delivered doses,the number of attempts or requirement for rescue analgesics in group N3 (P＞0.05).Conclusion The optimum dose of nalbuphine prepared for PCIA after caesarean section is 2.0 mg/kg.

Objective:To establish a colloidal gold technique assay for the rapid detection of immunoglobulin(Ig)M and IgG antibodies against 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and to evaluate its clinical performance.Methods:A total of 278 patients who were respectively treated at Wuhan Hankou Hospital and the People′s Hospital of Honghu from February 12, 2020 to February 20, 2020 were collected. According to the diagnostic criteria, 89 patients were confirmed with positive 2019-nCoV nucleic acid, and 189 were 2019-nCoV nucleic acid-negative suspected patients. A total of 273 medical examiners from Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from 2015 to 2018 were selected as controls. The serum samples of patients were collected. 2019-nCoV nucleic proteins were obtained from prokaryotic expression vectors. Indirect IgM and IgG colloidal gold techniques were established by using recombinant nuclear protein. 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used as control. Serum specimens were tested for 2019-nCoV IgM and IgG. The specificity and sensitivity of colloidal gold assay were analyzed.Results:The positive rates of IgM and IgG with the colloidal gold detection in confirmed patients with positive 2019-nCoV nucleic acid were 78.7%(70/89) and 73.0%(65/89), respectively. The positive rates of IgM and IgG in medical examiners were 1.8%(5/273) and 0.7%(2/273), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of IgM detection reagents were 78.7% and 98.2%, respectively, those of IgG detection reagents were 73.0% and 99.3%, respectively, and those of IgM combined with IgG detection were 87.6% and 98.2%, respectively. For suspected patients with negative 2019-nCoV nucleic acid, the positive rates of IgM and IgG were 59.8%(113/189) and 52.9%(100/189), respectively, and the positive rate of IgM combined with IgG detection was 66.1%(125/189).Conclusion:This reagent of 2019-nCoV antibodies detection (colloidal gold technique) fulfills the requirement for clinical application with high specificity and sensitivity, which can be served as a supplementary detection method for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection by RT-PCR.

Objective: To establish a colloidal gold technique assay for the rapid detection of immunoglobulin(Ig) M and IgG antibodies against 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and to evaluate its clinical performance. Methods: A total of 278 patients who were treated at Wuhan Hankou Hospital and the People's Hospital of Honghu from February 12, 2020 to February 20, 2020 were collected. According to the diagnostic criteria, 89 patients were confirmed with 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive diagnosis, and 189 were 2019-nCoV nucleic acid-negative suspected patients. A total of 273 medical examiners from Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from 2015 to 2018 were selected as controls. The serum samples of patients were collected. 2019-nCoV nucleic proteins were obtained from prokaryotic expression vectors. Indirect IgM and IgG colloidal gold techniques were established by using recombinant N protein. 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used as control. Serum specimens were tested for 2019-nCoV IgM and IgG. The specificity and sensitivity of colloidal gold assay were analyzed. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of IgM detection reagents were 78.7% and 98.2%, respectively, those of IgG detection reagents were 73.0% and 99.3%, respectively, and those of IgM combined with IgG detection were 87.6% and 98.2%, respectively. For suspected patients with negative 2019-nCoV nucleic acid, the positive rates of IgM and IgG were 59.8% (113/189) and 52.9% (100/189), respectively, and the positive rate of IgM combined with IgG detection was 66.1% (125/189). Conclusion This reagent of 2019-nCoV antibodies detection (colloidal gold technique) fulfills the requirement for clinical application with high specificity and sensitivity, which can be served as a supplementary detection method for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection by RT-PCR.