Different teaching methods were chosen based on different teaching contents in pharmacological theory teaching.Then teaching contents seem simple,interesting and acceptable.The students were more interested in the subject.The results of investiga- tion showed that teaching quality had improved through using this technology.

Objective To observe liver functional lesion caused by combination chemotherapy containing or not containing oxaliplatin. Methods Data from 42 patients with liver functional lesion caused by chemotherapy between March 2005 and October 2007 were analyzed. All patients were diagnosed through histology or cytology detection and received chemotherapy only. Different drugs were. admitted,based on different tumors. Before chemotherapy, each patient had normal liver function without liver lesions such as liver metastasis, Hepatitis B and C, hepatic cirrhosis, etc. Furthermore, 22 received FOLFOX-4 in containing oxaliplatin group while the remaining 20 received chemotherapy excluding oxaliplatin. When liver functional lesion without the influence of any liver protectant was first observed, ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL, IBIL, ALP, GGT and the WHO criteria of liver toxicity were analyzed. T test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for data analysis. Results All together 90 cycles, median 2.14 cycles, were given. According to WHO criteria of liver toxicity, 13 cases were in grade O, 21 in grade Ⅰ, 7 in grade Ⅱ, and 1 in grade Ⅲ. ALT and AST were significantly high after chemotherapy(P <0.05). Moreover, ALT and AST were significantly higher in containing oxaliplatin group than non oxaliplatin group after chemotherapy(P <0.05). Chemotherapy had no influence on bilirubin. The population distribution of accumulative chemotherapy cycles and WHO criteria of liver toxicity was similar between two groups. Conclusion Before the intervention of liver protectant, combination chemotherapy containing oxaliplatin is more likely to have liver functional lesion than other chemotherapy without oxaliplatin. It mainly presents an increase in transaminase.

Data were collected from 236 patients with advanced ClllllCerB through questionnaire survey,home visit,oncology clinics and counseling service.The data were evaluated and classified according to VAS and NCCN aduh cancer pain practice guidelines.Two hundred and eleven in 236 advancad cancer patients(89.4%)Suffered from Cancer pain,with mild pain in 31,moderate in 83 and severe in 97.One hundred and seventeen patients(49.6%)received therapy for pain relief,among whom 78(66.7%)had complete remission(CR),26(22.2%)partial remission(PR)and 13 cages(11.1%)noremission.The main reason for declining pain relief wag being scared of morphine addiction.

Objective To evaluate the change of renal function in patients with acute stroke by estimate glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR). Methods One hundred patients with acute stroke admitted into hospital from emergency department in 72 h were enrolled. There were 100 patients, with 50 male patients and 50 female patients. Fifty-eight patients were older than 50 years old, and 42 patients were less than 50 years. Blood samples were collected from the next day in hospital to detect the level of creatinine (Cr), then e-GFR was calculated with a simplified method of modification of diet in renal disease. According to the National Kidney Foundation published kidney disease outcome quality initiative (K/DOQI), the renal function of these 100 patients was estimated. The outcome of e-GFR and Cr were compared. The differences of e-GFR in patients with acute stroke were analyzed from the aspects of age and gender. Results 56.0% (56/100) patients were determined as decreased renal function according to the standard of GFR<90 ml/(min · 1.73 m2). 4.0% (4/100) patients were determined as decreased renal function according to the standard of Cr> 124μmol/L. The abnormal rate of e-GFR in patients older than 50 years old was 93.1%(54/58), in patients less than 50 years old was 4.8%(2/42), and there was significantly difference (χ2=77.16, P<0.01). The abnormal rate of e-GFR in male and female had no significantly difference: 54.0%(27/50) vs. 58.0% (29/50), P > 0.05. Conclusions The decreased renal function in patients with acute stroke is common. The detection of e-GFR can more accurately assess the patient′s renal function and provide a basis for individual choice of drugs.

Aged ; Female ; Histiocytic Sarcoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Skin ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

Objective To explore the effect of sequencing nursing on shortening cataract operation time and accelerating turnover of patients.Methods A record of operation time and postoperative vision for 630 cataract patients in Neijiang and Ya' an was studied.The effect of sequencing nursing and the operation quality and speed were evaluated.Results The average visual acuity of two groups was (0.31±0.082),(0.33±0.067)respectively (t =0.695 ,P =0.487 ＞0.05) ; in the experiment group,average time of operation was (17.0±1.1)min,control group was (27.2±2.9)min (t =18.924,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The sufficient preoperative preparation and sequencing nursing could reduce operative time,and increase the efficiency of cataract operation obviously.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic significance of Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1)expression in cervical cancer and its correlation with epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Methods A series of 202 samples,including 50 cases of normal cervical tissues,100 cases of cervical intraepithelial neo-plasia(CIN)and 52 cases of squamous cell carcinoma(SCC),were examined YB-1 and E-cadherin by immu-nohistochemical staining. Results The E-cadherin cell membrane immunoreactivity for normal/ CINⅠ,CINⅡ-Ⅲ,and SCC tissues were 100% ,64% and 3. 85% ,respectively( χ2 = 40. 909;χ2 = 119. 088;χ2 =25. 274;P < 0. 05). The negative and aberrant expression of E-cadherin was higher in metastatic SCC (100. 0% ,20 / 20)than that in non-metastatic SCC(68. 75% ,22 / 32)(χ2 = 5. 857,P = 0. 016). 94. 23%(49 / 52)cases of SCC exhibited strong YB-1 cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. The positive rates in normal/ CINⅠand CINⅡ-Ⅲ were 0(0 / 100)and 10. 00%(5 / 50)(χ2 = 72. 591;χ2 = 139. 059;χ2 = 5. 857;P < 0. 05). The cytoplasmic expression of YB-1 was higher in metastatic SCC(100. 0% ,20 / 20)than that in non-metastatic SCC(59. 38% ,19 / 32)(χ2 = 10. 833,P = 0. 001). The rates were 60. 71%(17 / 28)and 91. 67%(22 /24)in early stage SCC and late stage SCC(χ2 = 6. 603,P = 0. 01). Conclusion YB-1 over-expression is as-sociated with the malignant transformation of cervical epithelium,stage progression and metastasis of cervical cancer. The up-regulation of YB-1 is also associated with the down-regulation of E-cadherin,and it may predict the malignant transformation of CIN and distal metastasis of cervical cancer.

Objective To evaluate the expression quantity of T lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing factor 1(Tiara 1)in gastric cancer tissues,tissues around the cancer over 3 cm and tissues of gastric benign lesions,and to analyze the correlation between amount of Tiaml and gastric cancer biological behaviours.Methods Real-time fluorescence quantitive RT-PCR(FQ-RT-PCR)was used to detect the expression level of Tiaml mRNA in 66 cases of gastric cancer tissues,tissues around the cancer over 3 cm and the gastric tissues of 11 cases with benign lesion.Results Positive rate of Tiam1 mRNA expression in gastric cancer tissues,tissues around the cancer was 92.4%,19.7%,respectively,and only one case express Tiaml mRNA in 11 cases gastric benign lesion tissues.There was significant difference(P0.05),on the other hand,the expression quantity of Tiaml mRNA in gastric cancer was significantly correlated with metastasis into lymph node,the extent of invasion,differentiated degree of histologic type,and the stages of TNM(P

Objective To investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infections in Tianjin Children's Hospital and to provide database for monitoring and control of nosocomial infection.Methods The medical records of 6101 children admitted in the first half of 2005 and the laboratory results of isolated bacteria from clinical samples in 2005 were retrospectively investigated.Results The total nosocomial infection rate was 3.47%(212/6101),in which the surgical nosocomial infection rate was 2.66%(32/1204)and 2.95%(180/6101)infections were caused by non-surgical incisions.Respiratory tract was the most frequent infection site(119/212,56.1%).Several opportunistic pathogens were responsible for the major nosocomial infections,they were Escherichia coli,Coagulase negative staphylococcus,Enterococcus,Klebsiella pneumonia,Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudolnonas aeruginosa.Conclusion The pathogenic isolates for the infections show high resistance to most antibiotics.Monitor and control of the incidence of nosocomial infections and resistance to antibiotics should be enforced.

Cerebral venous and sinus Thrombosis (CVST) is a rare ischemic cerebrovascular disease,the lesions of 60% patients are involved in multiple venous sinus,of which the superior sagittal sinus thrombosis is most common.The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of CVST has not yet been fully elucidated,and the establishment of stable and ideal animal models can provide a basis for the study of its development,prognosis and efficacy assessment.This article summarizes the characteristics and advantages of several available CVST models,but each method has its own limitations.Therefore,the establishment of a more ideal animal model will help to fully understand the pathogenesis and pathological process of CVST.