In order to fit new plot proposed by medical education reform,by integrating interrelated resources,the author introduced peer education into the whole process of nutrition propa-ganda and education to promote the development of the whole social health education.

Objective To evaluate the application of capsaicin to improve bladder stability after suprapubic prostatectomy for BPH. Methods 40 patients with BPH underwent suprapubic prostatectomy under epidural anesthesia were randomly divided into A?B?C and D groups (n=10 in each group).Capsaicin of 1 mmol/L was instilled into the bladder preoperatively for 30 minutes in group B and group D had 10 ml of 1 mmol/L capsaicin given epidurally.Group A and Group C received saline only. Results The bladder instability was lessened.The time of bladder perfusion clearance,indwelling catheter delivery,duration of cystospasm and number of postoperative cystospasm cases in group B and D reduced significantly as compared with group A and C.The Pdet and volume were improved significantly,the Qmax and residual urine were also improved. Conclusions The intravesical and epidural capsaicin delivery helps to prevent detrusor instability and reduces the pain caused by postoperative cystospasm.It also improves the bladder function deteriorated by BPH.

Objective To study the chemical constituents in the mature fruit of Momordica Charantia. Methods M. charantia was extracted by alcohol and then extracted by chloroform; isolation and purification were carried out by silica gel. Compounds were identified and elucidated by spectral and chemical methods. Results Five compounds were obtained and identified as aglycone of momordicoside F_1 (Ⅰ), 5, 25-stigmastadien-3-ol (Ⅱ), aglycone of momordicoside Ⅰ (Ⅲ), charantin (Ⅳ), and ?-sitosterol (Ⅴ). Conclusion For the first time, compound Ⅰ is found as the novel natural product and compound Ⅱ is found in the fruit of M. charantia in China.

Objective To evaluate the bromogeramine and ethanol for effects of disinfecting in penicillin skin test.Methods Searching CNKI,VIP,CBM and Wanfang Database to collect case-control studies suiting enrolled conditions.Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.0.0 software.Results Four case-control studies with 1 954 people were enrolled.After exclude one study using sensitivity analysis,Meta analysis showed:there were significant differences between positive results of bromogeramine and ethanol,Z=2.15,P=0.03,OR=0.70,95％CI=0.50～0.97.There were significant differences between false positive rates of bromogeramine and ethanol,0R=0.55,95％CI=0.29～1.02.Conclusions Comparing with ethanol,bromogeranine has lower positive results and false positive rate,which suggests that bromogeramine may be better than ethanol in penicillin skin test disinfection.

Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments for gastric cancer, but its drug resistance often limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy, leading to treatment failure. Drug resistance can be divided into primary drug resistance and secondary resistance. It has showed that several factors were involved in the multidrug resistance of gastric cancer, including the expression of drug resistance-related proteins, abnormalities of apoptosis-related genes, dysfunction of DNA damage repair, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and non-coding RNA. The solution to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy is to overcome drug resistance or delay drug resistance. This article will explore the progress in multi-drug resistance of gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Huobahuagen Tablets combined with irbesartan on the risk factors of IgA nephropathy. METHODS: Sixty-two patients diagnosed as IgA nephropathy were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. Thirty patients in the control group were treated with Huobahuagen Tablets (5 tablets po t.i.d.), and 32 patients in the treatment group were treated with irbesartan (150 to 300 mg po q.d.), besides the same treatment as the control group. After 3 months of treatment, the levels of blood pressure (BP), 24 h urine protein (Upr), urinary red blood cells (URBC), blood triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), albumin (Alb), alanine transaminase (ALT), white blood cells (WBC) and serum creatinine (Scr) were observed. RESULTS: After treatment, the levels of Upr, URBC and Scr in both groups were decreased, as compared with those before treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the levels of BP, Upr, URBC and Scr in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The levels of Alb in both groups were increased, as compared with those before treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the level of Alb in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Huobahuagen Tablets, when used together with irbesartan, may improve the renal function of the patients with IgA nephropathy and slow the deterioration of the disease by reducing BP, Upr, URBC and Scr.

Objective To evaluate bile duct drainage with ureteral catheter through cystic duct in laparoscopic common bile duct exploration followed by primary duct closure (LCBDEPDC) and posto laparoscopic endoscopic stone extraction treatment of extrahepatic bile duct stones.Methods The clinical data of 116 cases of extrahepatic bile duct stones were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into 2 groups: 57 patients with dilated common bile duct were in group A treated with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration followed by primary duct closure and via cystic duct ureteral catheter biliary drainage.While in group B (59 patients) with normal calibre of the common bile duct, the procedures was laparoscopic cholecystectomy + via cystic duct ureteral catheter biliary drainage and postoperative endoscopic stone extraction.Results Procedures were successful in both the two groups.There was no postoperative pancreatitis and biliary leakage complications.The catheter was withdrawn in 6-9 d in group A postoperative hospitalization time was (8.5 ± 2) d.The catheter was withdrawn in 2-8 d in group B after endoscopic stone extraction.Postoperative hospitalization time was (7.6 ± 3) d.No complications occurred in both two groups relating extubation.Conclusions Bile duct drainage using the ureteral catheter via cyst duct after LCBDEPDC and endoscopic stone extraction treatment of extrahepatic bile duct stones effectively prevent postoperative pancreatitis, biliary leakage and bile duct stricture.

Alzheimer’ s disease ( AD) is one of the most common dementia of neurodegenerative disorders, which results from the deposition of amyloid-beta ( Aβ) and there are no curative treatments for this disease at present.It had been proved that prion protein is the receptor for Aβand it plays a key role in the progress of AD with dual-side effects. Prion protein can not only transfer neurotoxicity to neurons but also protect them from neurotoxicity of Aβ.The polymor-phisms of prion protein encoding gene ( PRNP) affect the AD incubation period and clinical symptoms in humans and other animals.The discovery of PRNP mutational mouse fills the gaps of existing AD mouse models in this research area, which is potential for the studies of pathogenesis, new drugs design and testing aspects.The role and effects of prion protein in AD pathogenesis were summarized in this paper, furthermore, the discovery and utility of PRNP gene mutational mouse in research on AD and/or amyloid diseases were reviewed, and in order to provide some guidance for AD animal model study.

In recent years, tumor has become one of the major diseases that endanger human health. It is of great significance to explore the pathogenesis of tumors in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of tumors. microRNA (miRNA) is a class of small non-coding RNA, which is involved in post transcriptional processing, epigenetic inheritance, cell growth and individual development and other important life activities. miRNA, charactered by oncogenes and anti-oncogenes function, participates in the development, invasion and metastasis of tumors. Telomeres, located at the end of chromosomes, are closely related to the malignant transformation of cells and the aging of human. To understand the pathogenesis of tumors and to provide a novel direction for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of tumors, the role and the relationship of miRNA and telomere in tumors are reviewed in this paper.

Patient′s expectation has been defined as the anticipation that given events were likely to occur during, or as an outcome of, health care. What people expect from their health care are potentially important in predicting patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction with their care, treatment and health outcomes. There was widespread recognition of the importance of evaluating services from consumer perspectives. In this article, domestic and foreign research in recent years, expectations status, significance and various influencing factors in relation to the expectations in processes of health care were summarized. Consumer evaluations of their health care are now an established component of quality assessment, planners need to understand the expectations underlying patients′views in order to interpret their feedback. Thus leading to improve patient satisfaction and the social evaluation of medical units.