Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) widely exists in living organisms.It,whose length is more than 200 bp,can regulate the genic expression in the epigenetic,transcriptional and post-transcriptional level.Therefore,it can influence cell proliferation,apoptosis,vitality,immune response and oxidative stress.In recent years,the study of lncRNA is developing rapidly in the ophthalmic research,and this article reviews the latest research progress on mechanism of lncRNA in the ophthalmology disease.

Prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2)is one of the major metabolic products of arachidonic acid.PGE_2 plays important roles in various important physiological processes by binding to its G protein-coupled receptors designated EP1,EP2,EP3,and EP4,respectively.EP receptors are highly expressed in the kidney and cardiovascular system,and PGE2-mediated activation of EP receptors plays important roles in the regulation of blood pressure.The abnormal expression of EP receptors in the kidney and cardiovascular system is associated with some blood pressure disease such as salt-sensitive hypertension,renal hypertension,and myocardial hypertrophy.

The variation of blood glucose in 1 147 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was monitored by continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS). The results showed that the peak hours of nocturnal hypoglycemia occurred during 22 : 00-2 : 00. The incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia was negatively correlated with mean blood glucose and blood glucose at three hours after supper. The probability of hypoglycemia was up to 50% when blood glucose level had been as low as 4. 7 mmol/L at 3 h after supper.

Liposome is an artificially prepared spherical vesicle that has a phospholipid bilayer. Given that the basic structure of its biological membrane is also a lipid bilayer membrane, liposome shares similar structures with body cells Therefore, liposome has good biocompatibility and advantages such as biodegradability, low immunogenicity, and subtle toxicity. Liposome has been widely ap-plied as an effective drug carrier. Studies on liposome-encapsulated fluorescent dye on tumor tracing have been reported in recent years. Liposome can become a more advantageous transport carrier with continuous development of surface modification materials and prepa-ration methods. The long cycle, targeted liposome-encapsulated drugs, and fluorescent dye have become the focus of interest for several researchers. This article mainly discusses the application and progress of long cycle and targeted liposome in cancer research.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors of early gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis.Methods Clinicopathological data of 461 early gastric cancer cases admitted at Drum Tower Hospital from June 2010 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of these 461 cases of early gastric cancer there were 338 male cases and 123 female cases,with male to female ratio of 2.74∶ 1.There were 48(10.4％) patients with lymph node metastasis.Female patients had a higher rate of metastasis (P =0.000).Lymph node metastasis rate in males,menopause females,premenopause females is 7.3％,16.3％,29.0％ respectively.Females had metastasis 5 years earlier than males (x2 =31.877,P =0.000).Metastasis rate in M invasion was 6.0％ and in SM invasion was 17.4％ (x2 =12.055,P =0.001).Conclusions There were much more males than females in early gastric cancer patients though females having a higher rate of lymph node metastasis.Gender,age and depth of invasion is independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer.

Objective:In order to find a safe and healthy way to control fish diseases caused by Aeromonas hydrophila,the immune effect of Aeromonas hydrophila inactivated vaccine on Carassius gibelio was studied.Methods: Three groups were randomly made by each of 10 fishes.Injection groups was made intraperitoneally ( i.p.) with 200 μl, and soaked group with 3 L volumes of inactivated vaccine suspensions respectively while the control group with same volumes of saline.Tissues and blood samples of carassius gibelio were collected after the second vaccination.Then the histopathological, immunological indicators and survival percentage were detected.Results:The relative survival percentage of two groups was 90%and 60%respectively.The serum enzymes of injection and soaked group showed significant differences contrasted with the control group.Histopathological studies revealed that the important tissues have been damaged obviously after the bacterium challenge, while the experiment groups were no damage.Conclusion:Therefore the inactivated vaccine could prevent carassius gibelio diseases that caused by A.hydrophila.

The antinociceptive effect of epidural administration of huwentoxin-I was elucidated in a tonic visceral pain rat model produced by acute colon inflammation. The nociceptive behaviors were induced by perendoscopically injecting dilute formalin (50 μl) into the depth of the colonic wall in rats. Both ω-conotoxinMVIIA and morphine hydrochloride were given epidurally as positive control while saline as negative control.Similar to ω-conotoxin-MVIIA and hydrochloride morphine, the epidural administration of HWTX-Ⅰ significantly reduced the nociceptive responses in a dose-dependent manner in tonic visceral pain rat model ( P ＜ 0.05). The suppression effects of both huwentoxin- Ⅰ and ω-conotoxin-MVIIA at 20 μg/kg were kept steady compared with the saline group and reached their maximum effects at the doses of 50 ～ 75 μg/kg within 1 hour when the nociception had been observed. It was also found that at the same doses, huwentoxin- Ⅰ was less effective in antinociception than ω-conotoxin-MVIIA. However, ω-conotoxin-MVIIA, but not huwentoxinⅠ , caused an obvious motor dysfunction at these doses. The action of morphine hydrochloride was initiated faster, but lasted for a shorter time than that of huwentoxin- Ⅰ and ω-conotoxin-MVIIA. Thus, huwentoxinⅠ , a potent blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, induced a remarkable dosedependent restrain effect similar to ω-conotoxin-MVIIA and morphine on the tonic visceral pain produced by colonic wall injection of formalin in conscious rats.

Purpose To investigate the value of three-dimensional quantitative measurement of spiral CT in evaluating tumor size and preoperative T stage in stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods The complete data of 125 patients with stage I NSCLC confirmed surgically and pathologically were compared in terms of maximum tumor diameter and T stage analysis by means of three-dimensional quantitative CT measurement, two-dimensional measurement and general pathology measurement. Results The mean maximum tumor diameter of these 125 patients measured by quantitative three-dimensional CT measurement, two-dimensional measurement and general pathology measurement were (26.21±8.14) mm, (27.03±9.90) mm and (25.60±9.31) mm, respectively. The difference in mean maximum tumor diameter by two-dimensional measurement and three-dimensional quantitative measurement was significant, and remained so when two-dimensional measurement and pathology measurement was compared (t=2.377, P<0.05;t=2.961, P<0.01), but that between three-dimensional quantitative measurement and pathology measurement was not significant (t=1.281, P>0.05). Bland-Altman analysis showed that three-dimensional quantitative measurement had higher consistency than two-dimensional measurement when compared with the gold standard pathology measurement. When three-dimensional quantitative measurement was taken to be the staging criterion, 20% results (25 cases) obtained by two-dimensional measurement proved to be inconsistent. Conclusion Compared with two-dimensional measurement, quantitative three-dimensional CT measurement can provide more accurate information in maximum tumor diameter and T stage for patients with stage I NSCLC, therefore can be applied as a more accurate criterion in preoperative staging and prognosis of stage I NSCLC.

Objective To analyze the phenotypes of lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid derived from the patients with neurosyphilis. Methods Samples of cerebrospinal fluid from 12 patients with neurosyphilis and 20 patients with latent syphilis were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry for CD4 and CD25 expression. Results There was a significant increase in the number of white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurosyphilis. FACS analysis showed that most leukocytes were lymphocytes predominated with CD4 + T cells in neurosyphilis patients which were almost 4 times more than that in latent syphilis. However, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of CD4+ CD25high regulatory T cells (Tr) in neurosyphilis patients compared with that in latent syphilis patients. Conclusion A dramatic increase in CD4+ T cell frequency suggested its pathogenic role in neurosyphilis, whereas a decrease in CD25high Tr frequency indicated that CD4 + CD25high Tr cells might play an important role in immune homeostasis of central nervous system.

Objective To investigate the expressions of Livin protein and VEGF protein in bladder urothelial carcinoma(BUC) ,and theirs relationships with the clinicopathologic parameters of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Methods The expression of Livin and VEGF protein in 69 samples of BUC tissue and 10 samples of normal bladder epithelium tissue were detected by immunohistochemical SP method. Their relationships with clinicopathologic data were statistically analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of Livin and VEGF in BUC tissues were 65.2% (45/69) and 46.4% ( 32/69), but negative in normal bladder epithelium tissues, which showed significant differences in the comparison (Ps ＜ 0. 05 ). We found significant difference in the comparison of Livin positive rate between groups with or without recurrence ( 78. 8 % vs 48. 1%, χ2 = 6. 13, P ＜ 0. 05 ); but no differences in pathological grade,TNM stage and tumor number( Gl 55.6% ,G2 64. 3% ,G3 73.9% ;Ta ～ T1 61.9% ,T2 ～ T4 70. 4%; Single-tumor 59. 6%, multi-tumor 77.3%; χ2 = 1.52,0. 52,2.07, Ps ＞ 0. 05 ). For BUC,the expression of VEGF was correlated with the pathological grade,TNM stage( Gl 16. 7% ,G2 53.6% ,G3 60. 9%, χ2 = 8. 91; Ta ～ T1 33.3%, T2 ～ T4 66. 7%; χ2 = 7. 34; Ps ＜ 0. 05 ), but not the tumor number and recurrence( Single-tumor 57.4% , multi-tumor 59. 1%, χ2 = 0. 01; with recurrence 51.5% , without recurrence 40. 7% ,χ2= 0. 69; Ps ＞ 0. 05 ). We found no relationship between the expression of Livin and VEGF (r =0. 056,P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The overexpressions of Livin and VEGF protein may play an important role in the occurrence and development of BUC. Combind detection of these two protein can be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of BUC.