Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) widely exists in living organisms.It,whose length is more than 200 bp,can regulate the genic expression in the epigenetic,transcriptional and post-transcriptional level.Therefore,it can influence cell proliferation,apoptosis,vitality,immune response and oxidative stress.In recent years,the study of lncRNA is developing rapidly in the ophthalmic research,and this article reviews the latest research progress on mechanism of lncRNA in the ophthalmology disease.

Prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2)is one of the major metabolic products of arachidonic acid.PGE_2 plays important roles in various important physiological processes by binding to its G protein-coupled receptors designated EP1,EP2,EP3,and EP4,respectively.EP receptors are highly expressed in the kidney and cardiovascular system,and PGE2-mediated activation of EP receptors plays important roles in the regulation of blood pressure.The abnormal expression of EP receptors in the kidney and cardiovascular system is associated with some blood pressure disease such as salt-sensitive hypertension,renal hypertension,and myocardial hypertrophy.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors of early gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis.Methods Clinicopathological data of 461 early gastric cancer cases admitted at Drum Tower Hospital from June 2010 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of these 461 cases of early gastric cancer there were 338 male cases and 123 female cases,with male to female ratio of 2.74∶ 1.There were 48(10.4％) patients with lymph node metastasis.Female patients had a higher rate of metastasis (P =0.000).Lymph node metastasis rate in males,menopause females,premenopause females is 7.3％,16.3％,29.0％ respectively.Females had metastasis 5 years earlier than males (x2 =31.877,P =0.000).Metastasis rate in M invasion was 6.0％ and in SM invasion was 17.4％ (x2 =12.055,P =0.001).Conclusions There were much more males than females in early gastric cancer patients though females having a higher rate of lymph node metastasis.Gender,age and depth of invasion is independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer.

Liposome is an artificially prepared spherical vesicle that has a phospholipid bilayer. Given that the basic structure of its biological membrane is also a lipid bilayer membrane, liposome shares similar structures with body cells Therefore, liposome has good biocompatibility and advantages such as biodegradability, low immunogenicity, and subtle toxicity. Liposome has been widely ap-plied as an effective drug carrier. Studies on liposome-encapsulated fluorescent dye on tumor tracing have been reported in recent years. Liposome can become a more advantageous transport carrier with continuous development of surface modification materials and prepa-ration methods. The long cycle, targeted liposome-encapsulated drugs, and fluorescent dye have become the focus of interest for several researchers. This article mainly discusses the application and progress of long cycle and targeted liposome in cancer research.

Objective:In order to find a safe and healthy way to control fish diseases caused by Aeromonas hydrophila,the immune effect of Aeromonas hydrophila inactivated vaccine on Carassius gibelio was studied.Methods: Three groups were randomly made by each of 10 fishes.Injection groups was made intraperitoneally ( i.p.) with 200 μl, and soaked group with 3 L volumes of inactivated vaccine suspensions respectively while the control group with same volumes of saline.Tissues and blood samples of carassius gibelio were collected after the second vaccination.Then the histopathological, immunological indicators and survival percentage were detected.Results:The relative survival percentage of two groups was 90%and 60%respectively.The serum enzymes of injection and soaked group showed significant differences contrasted with the control group.Histopathological studies revealed that the important tissues have been damaged obviously after the bacterium challenge, while the experiment groups were no damage.Conclusion:Therefore the inactivated vaccine could prevent carassius gibelio diseases that caused by A.hydrophila.

The variation of blood glucose in 1 147 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was monitored by continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS). The results showed that the peak hours of nocturnal hypoglycemia occurred during 22 : 00-2 : 00. The incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia was negatively correlated with mean blood glucose and blood glucose at three hours after supper. The probability of hypoglycemia was up to 50% when blood glucose level had been as low as 4. 7 mmol/L at 3 h after supper.

Objective To analyze the phenotypes of lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid derived from the patients with neurosyphilis. Methods Samples of cerebrospinal fluid from 12 patients with neurosyphilis and 20 patients with latent syphilis were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry for CD4 and CD25 expression. Results There was a significant increase in the number of white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurosyphilis. FACS analysis showed that most leukocytes were lymphocytes predominated with CD4 + T cells in neurosyphilis patients which were almost 4 times more than that in latent syphilis. However, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of CD4+ CD25high regulatory T cells (Tr) in neurosyphilis patients compared with that in latent syphilis patients. Conclusion A dramatic increase in CD4+ T cell frequency suggested its pathogenic role in neurosyphilis, whereas a decrease in CD25high Tr frequency indicated that CD4 + CD25high Tr cells might play an important role in immune homeostasis of central nervous system.

Objective To study the expression of intestinal dipeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) protein in gastric cancer patients at different nutritional status,and to explore the possible regulatory mechanism.Methods According to Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) score,a total of 60 gastric cancer patients were divided into nutritional risk group (NRS 2002 score ≥ 3,n =18) and non-nutritional risk group (NRS 2002 score ＜ 3,n =42).With specimens of the small intestinal mucosa taken during operation,the expression of intestinal PEPT1 protein was detected using Western blot.The serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-o) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of PEPT1 in Caco-2 cells treated with different concentrations of TNF-α (20,50,100 μg/L) were detected using Western blot at different time points (24,48,72 hours).Results The expression of intestinal PEPT1 (0.63 vs.0.23,P =0.000) and serum TNF-o concentration (0.23 μg/L vs.0.17 μg/L,P =0.001) in the nutritional risk group were significantly higher than those in the non-nutritional risk group.In Caco-2 cells,those treated with different concentrations of TNF-α (20,50,100 μg/L) for 24 hours had significantly higher PEPT1 expression than the blank group did (0.68 vs.0.54,P =0.005 ; 0.72 vs.0.54,P =0.001 ;0.78 vs.0.54,P =0.000).The Caeo-2 cells treated with 50 μg/L TNF-α for 24,48,and 72 hours had significantly higher PEPT1 expression compared with the cells in the blank group (0.57 vs.0.52,P =0.004 ; 0.75 vs.0.52,P =0.000 ; 0.77 vs.0.52,P =0.000).Conclusion The expression of intestinal PEPT1 protein was increased in gastric cancer patients with nutritional risk,which was probably attributed to the regulation of TNF-α.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical outcomes of second sacral alar-iliac (S2AI) technique utilized in patients with tuberculosis of Lumbosacral spine.Methods 24 cases (15 male,9 female,aged 36-73 years old,average 47.1 years) of tuberculosis of Lumbosacral spine were collected for surgery using spinal and pelvic fixation system (S2AI or IS) between January 2014 and May 2016.Lumbosacral pain and restricted movement were noticed in all cases,of which 9 cases with radiating pain of lower limb and 7 cases with intermittent claudication,2 cases with saddle anesthesia.Formal anti-tuberculosis medicine treatment was given for at least 2-3 weeks before operation.All patients with lumbosacropelvic fixation were compared by recording with ESR/CRP,preoperatively,postoperatively and the last following-up.The clinical effect oswestry disability index (ODI) score,visual analogue scale (VAS),ambulatory status,SF-36 scale and related complications of 2 groups were also compared.Results The average follow-up period was average 23.4 months in the two groups.The results show that operative time,blood loss,drainage time,hospitalization days and fusion time were not statistically significant;the recording of ESR,CRP,ODI,VAS scores and ambulatory status scores between S2AI and IS groups showed no significantly different,preoperatively,postoperatively and the last following-up.Comparisons within each group were improved at postoperatively and the last following-up related to preoperatively;The difference of the SF-36 scales in each group was statistically significant between preoperatively and the last following-up;There was no statistically difference in recurrence,sinus,pseudarthrosis between two groups,but The S2AI technique was associated with lower rates of symptomatic screw prominence compared to the IS technique.Conclusion Application of S2AI screw technique in the treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis can achieve solid fixation and satisfactory clinical effect,and reduce the complications of traditional IS screws,which is an alternative method of posterior structure reconstruction of lumbosacral tuberculosis.

Objective To compare the effects of three kinds of Oncomelania hupensis RNA extraction methods,namely a modified SDS method,TRIzol reagent method,and CTAB method,so as to obtain an economical and efficient method for RNA extraction from O. hupensis. Methods The modified SDS method,TRIzol reagent method and CTAB method were applied to ex-tract the RNA from O. hupensis. A nucleic acid protein analyzer was used to measure the concentration and purity of RNA. The yields were calculated by the concentration of the products. The purity was indicated by A260/A280 and A260/A230. The quality of RNA was inspected by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. The β-acting gene was selected as the target gene for RT-PCR analysis. Re-sults The RNA yields obtained by using the three kinds of extraction methods were significantly different(F = 16895.85,P <0.01)according to the analysis of variance. The LSD test showed that the yields obtained by using the modified SDS method were the highest,and those obtained by the CTAB method were the lowest. The purity of RNA extracted by the CTAB method was su-perior to that by the other two methods,and the A260/A280 and A260/A230 ratios of the CTAB method were in the range from 1.8-2.0 and 2.0-2.2. The A260/A230 ratios of the other two methods were both lower than 2.0. The RNA extracted by the modified SDS meth-od had the better integrity. The electrophoresis results showed that the 28S rRNA band,18S rRNA band and 5S rRNA band were clear,and there was no obvious smear between each band. The RNA obtained by the TRIzol reagent method had no 28S rRNA band,and that obtained by the CTAB method had no 28S rRNA and 5S rRNA bands. The β-acting gene of the RNA ex-tracted by all the three methods could be amplified by RT-PCR. The costs and time-consuming of the modified SDS method were less than those of the other two methods. Conclusion The modified SDS method is an economic and efficient method,and it is suitable for extracting the RNA of O. hupensis,especially for large sample preparation.