Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) widely exists in living organisms.It,whose length is more than 200 bp,can regulate the genic expression in the epigenetic,transcriptional and post-transcriptional level.Therefore,it can influence cell proliferation,apoptosis,vitality,immune response and oxidative stress.In recent years,the study of lncRNA is developing rapidly in the ophthalmic research,and this article reviews the latest research progress on mechanism of lncRNA in the ophthalmology disease.

Liposome is an artificially prepared spherical vesicle that has a phospholipid bilayer. Given that the basic structure of its biological membrane is also a lipid bilayer membrane, liposome shares similar structures with body cells Therefore, liposome has good biocompatibility and advantages such as biodegradability, low immunogenicity, and subtle toxicity. Liposome has been widely ap-plied as an effective drug carrier. Studies on liposome-encapsulated fluorescent dye on tumor tracing have been reported in recent years. Liposome can become a more advantageous transport carrier with continuous development of surface modification materials and prepa-ration methods. The long cycle, targeted liposome-encapsulated drugs, and fluorescent dye have become the focus of interest for several researchers. This article mainly discusses the application and progress of long cycle and targeted liposome in cancer research.

Prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2)is one of the major metabolic products of arachidonic acid.PGE_2 plays important roles in various important physiological processes by binding to its G protein-coupled receptors designated EP1,EP2,EP3,and EP4,respectively.EP receptors are highly expressed in the kidney and cardiovascular system,and PGE2-mediated activation of EP receptors plays important roles in the regulation of blood pressure.The abnormal expression of EP receptors in the kidney and cardiovascular system is associated with some blood pressure disease such as salt-sensitive hypertension,renal hypertension,and myocardial hypertrophy.

Objective:In order to find a safe and healthy way to control fish diseases caused by Aeromonas hydrophila,the immune effect of Aeromonas hydrophila inactivated vaccine on Carassius gibelio was studied.Methods: Three groups were randomly made by each of 10 fishes.Injection groups was made intraperitoneally ( i.p.) with 200 μl, and soaked group with 3 L volumes of inactivated vaccine suspensions respectively while the control group with same volumes of saline.Tissues and blood samples of carassius gibelio were collected after the second vaccination.Then the histopathological, immunological indicators and survival percentage were detected.Results:The relative survival percentage of two groups was 90%and 60%respectively.The serum enzymes of injection and soaked group showed significant differences contrasted with the control group.Histopathological studies revealed that the important tissues have been damaged obviously after the bacterium challenge, while the experiment groups were no damage.Conclusion:Therefore the inactivated vaccine could prevent carassius gibelio diseases that caused by A.hydrophila.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors of early gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis.Methods Clinicopathological data of 461 early gastric cancer cases admitted at Drum Tower Hospital from June 2010 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of these 461 cases of early gastric cancer there were 338 male cases and 123 female cases,with male to female ratio of 2.74∶ 1.There were 48(10.4％) patients with lymph node metastasis.Female patients had a higher rate of metastasis (P =0.000).Lymph node metastasis rate in males,menopause females,premenopause females is 7.3％,16.3％,29.0％ respectively.Females had metastasis 5 years earlier than males (x2 =31.877,P =0.000).Metastasis rate in M invasion was 6.0％ and in SM invasion was 17.4％ (x2 =12.055,P =0.001).Conclusions There were much more males than females in early gastric cancer patients though females having a higher rate of lymph node metastasis.Gender,age and depth of invasion is independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer.

The variation of blood glucose in 1 147 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was monitored by continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS). The results showed that the peak hours of nocturnal hypoglycemia occurred during 22 : 00-2 : 00. The incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia was negatively correlated with mean blood glucose and blood glucose at three hours after supper. The probability of hypoglycemia was up to 50% when blood glucose level had been as low as 4. 7 mmol/L at 3 h after supper.

BACKGROUND:Open reduction pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar fracture could obtain satisfactory effects, and has been extensively used. However, it has potential risk during and after repair. Minimaly invasive percutaneous pedicle screw technique minimizes the trauma and complications of soft tissue. It remains poorly understood which is better minimaly invasive percutaneous or conventional open pedicle screw fixation for the repair of thoracolumbar fracture. OBJECTIVE:To perform quality evaluation and meta-analysis on curative effect and postoperative complications of minimaly invasive percutaneous and conventional open pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. METHODS:A detailed search of several electronic databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, WanFang, CNKI, VIP and CBM, was undertaken. Simultaneously,Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics, Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, and Chinese Journal of Trauma were checked by hand to identify controled trials regarding minimaly invasive percutaneous and conventional open pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures published from inception to 2015, and the references of the included studies were checked. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, references were screened, data were extracted and quality was evaluated by four investigators independently. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.2 software. The quality of references of the included controled trials was assessed with CONSORT statement and some surgery clinical evaluation indexes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We included 28 studies, including 25 randomized controled trials/quasi-randomized controled trials and 3 retrospective comparative studies, with 1 285 patients. Meta-analysis results demonstrated that compared with the conventional open pedicle screw, minimaly invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation could significantly reduce operation time, blood loss, hospital stays, postoperative complication rate and height loss (P < 0.05). No significant difference in postoperative pain grade was detected between them (P > 0.05). These results indicate that minimaly invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar fracture was safe and reliable, had smal trauma, less blood loss, rapid recovery, short hospital stay, and less postoperative complications. Nevertheless, methods and results of most studies are not detailed enough. We suggested reporting randomized controled trials according to related standards in order to improve the report quality and authenticity of randomized controled trials.

Purpose To investigate the value of three-dimensional quantitative measurement of spiral CT in evaluating tumor size and preoperative T stage in stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods The complete data of 125 patients with stage I NSCLC confirmed surgically and pathologically were compared in terms of maximum tumor diameter and T stage analysis by means of three-dimensional quantitative CT measurement, two-dimensional measurement and general pathology measurement. Results The mean maximum tumor diameter of these 125 patients measured by quantitative three-dimensional CT measurement, two-dimensional measurement and general pathology measurement were (26.21±8.14) mm, (27.03±9.90) mm and (25.60±9.31) mm, respectively. The difference in mean maximum tumor diameter by two-dimensional measurement and three-dimensional quantitative measurement was significant, and remained so when two-dimensional measurement and pathology measurement was compared (t=2.377, P<0.05;t=2.961, P<0.01), but that between three-dimensional quantitative measurement and pathology measurement was not significant (t=1.281, P>0.05). Bland-Altman analysis showed that three-dimensional quantitative measurement had higher consistency than two-dimensional measurement when compared with the gold standard pathology measurement. When three-dimensional quantitative measurement was taken to be the staging criterion, 20% results (25 cases) obtained by two-dimensional measurement proved to be inconsistent. Conclusion Compared with two-dimensional measurement, quantitative three-dimensional CT measurement can provide more accurate information in maximum tumor diameter and T stage for patients with stage I NSCLC, therefore can be applied as a more accurate criterion in preoperative staging and prognosis of stage I NSCLC.

Objective To study the expression of intestinal dipeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) protein in gastric cancer patients at different nutritional status,and to explore the possible regulatory mechanism.Methods According to Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) score,a total of 60 gastric cancer patients were divided into nutritional risk group (NRS 2002 score ≥ 3,n =18) and non-nutritional risk group (NRS 2002 score ＜ 3,n =42).With specimens of the small intestinal mucosa taken during operation,the expression of intestinal PEPT1 protein was detected using Western blot.The serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-o) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of PEPT1 in Caco-2 cells treated with different concentrations of TNF-α (20,50,100 μg/L) were detected using Western blot at different time points (24,48,72 hours).Results The expression of intestinal PEPT1 (0.63 vs.0.23,P =0.000) and serum TNF-o concentration (0.23 μg/L vs.0.17 μg/L,P =0.001) in the nutritional risk group were significantly higher than those in the non-nutritional risk group.In Caco-2 cells,those treated with different concentrations of TNF-α (20,50,100 μg/L) for 24 hours had significantly higher PEPT1 expression than the blank group did (0.68 vs.0.54,P =0.005 ; 0.72 vs.0.54,P =0.001 ;0.78 vs.0.54,P =0.000).The Caeo-2 cells treated with 50 μg/L TNF-α for 24,48,and 72 hours had significantly higher PEPT1 expression compared with the cells in the blank group (0.57 vs.0.52,P =0.004 ; 0.75 vs.0.52,P =0.000 ; 0.77 vs.0.52,P =0.000).Conclusion The expression of intestinal PEPT1 protein was increased in gastric cancer patients with nutritional risk,which was probably attributed to the regulation of TNF-α.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of a novel anvil insertion technique in intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy and esophagogastrostomy after laparoscopic total or proximal gastrectomy.Methods A total of 40 patients with gastric cancer underwent laparoscopy-assisted radical total or proximal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection,followed by esophagojejunostomy or esophagogastrostomy using a reverse anvil insertion technique (the observation group,n =22) or traditional open surgery technique (the control group,n =18).Data of the two groups were compared.Results In observation group,laparoscopic total gastrectomy and esophagojejunostomy were successfully performed in 17 patients,laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and esophagogastrostomy were successfully performed in the 5 patients,and no conversion to open surgery occurred.The mean time of operation was (272.0 ±49.8)min,including (12.9 ±4.3)min for anvil insertion and (48.1 ± 12.8)min for digestive tract reconstruction,which were significantly shorter than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The mean time of getting out of bed in observation group was (3.4 ± 0.8) d,the mean time of post-surgical eating was (8.0 ± 2.6) d,and the mean time of hospitalization was (10.8 ±3.3)d,which were all similar with those from the control group (P ＞0.05).Conclusion The reverse anvil insertion technique is a reliable strategy for laparoscopic esophagojejunostomy or esophagogastrostomy.