Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) widely exists in living organisms.It,whose length is more than 200 bp,can regulate the genic expression in the epigenetic,transcriptional and post-transcriptional level.Therefore,it can influence cell proliferation,apoptosis,vitality,immune response and oxidative stress.In recent years,the study of lncRNA is developing rapidly in the ophthalmic research,and this article reviews the latest research progress on mechanism of lncRNA in the ophthalmology disease.

Prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2)is one of the major metabolic products of arachidonic acid.PGE_2 plays important roles in various important physiological processes by binding to its G protein-coupled receptors designated EP1,EP2,EP3,and EP4,respectively.EP receptors are highly expressed in the kidney and cardiovascular system,and PGE2-mediated activation of EP receptors plays important roles in the regulation of blood pressure.The abnormal expression of EP receptors in the kidney and cardiovascular system is associated with some blood pressure disease such as salt-sensitive hypertension,renal hypertension,and myocardial hypertrophy.

Liposome is an artificially prepared spherical vesicle that has a phospholipid bilayer. Given that the basic structure of its biological membrane is also a lipid bilayer membrane, liposome shares similar structures with body cells Therefore, liposome has good biocompatibility and advantages such as biodegradability, low immunogenicity, and subtle toxicity. Liposome has been widely ap-plied as an effective drug carrier. Studies on liposome-encapsulated fluorescent dye on tumor tracing have been reported in recent years. Liposome can become a more advantageous transport carrier with continuous development of surface modification materials and prepa-ration methods. The long cycle, targeted liposome-encapsulated drugs, and fluorescent dye have become the focus of interest for several researchers. This article mainly discusses the application and progress of long cycle and targeted liposome in cancer research.

Objective:In order to find a safe and healthy way to control fish diseases caused by Aeromonas hydrophila,the immune effect of Aeromonas hydrophila inactivated vaccine on Carassius gibelio was studied.Methods: Three groups were randomly made by each of 10 fishes.Injection groups was made intraperitoneally ( i.p.) with 200 μl, and soaked group with 3 L volumes of inactivated vaccine suspensions respectively while the control group with same volumes of saline.Tissues and blood samples of carassius gibelio were collected after the second vaccination.Then the histopathological, immunological indicators and survival percentage were detected.Results:The relative survival percentage of two groups was 90%and 60%respectively.The serum enzymes of injection and soaked group showed significant differences contrasted with the control group.Histopathological studies revealed that the important tissues have been damaged obviously after the bacterium challenge, while the experiment groups were no damage.Conclusion:Therefore the inactivated vaccine could prevent carassius gibelio diseases that caused by A.hydrophila.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors of early gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis.Methods Clinicopathological data of 461 early gastric cancer cases admitted at Drum Tower Hospital from June 2010 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of these 461 cases of early gastric cancer there were 338 male cases and 123 female cases,with male to female ratio of 2.74∶ 1.There were 48(10.4％) patients with lymph node metastasis.Female patients had a higher rate of metastasis (P =0.000).Lymph node metastasis rate in males,menopause females,premenopause females is 7.3％,16.3％,29.0％ respectively.Females had metastasis 5 years earlier than males (x2 =31.877,P =0.000).Metastasis rate in M invasion was 6.0％ and in SM invasion was 17.4％ (x2 =12.055,P =0.001).Conclusions There were much more males than females in early gastric cancer patients though females having a higher rate of lymph node metastasis.Gender,age and depth of invasion is independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer.

The variation of blood glucose in 1 147 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was monitored by continuous glucose monitoring system(CGMS). The results showed that the peak hours of nocturnal hypoglycemia occurred during 22 : 00-2 : 00. The incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia was negatively correlated with mean blood glucose and blood glucose at three hours after supper. The probability of hypoglycemia was up to 50% when blood glucose level had been as low as 4. 7 mmol/L at 3 h after supper.

The antinociceptive effect of epidural administration of huwentoxin-I was elucidated in a tonic visceral pain rat model produced by acute colon inflammation. The nociceptive behaviors were induced by perendoscopically injecting dilute formalin (50 μl) into the depth of the colonic wall in rats. Both ω-conotoxinMVIIA and morphine hydrochloride were given epidurally as positive control while saline as negative control.Similar to ω-conotoxin-MVIIA and hydrochloride morphine, the epidural administration of HWTX-Ⅰ significantly reduced the nociceptive responses in a dose-dependent manner in tonic visceral pain rat model ( P ＜ 0.05). The suppression effects of both huwentoxin- Ⅰ and ω-conotoxin-MVIIA at 20 μg/kg were kept steady compared with the saline group and reached their maximum effects at the doses of 50 ～ 75 μg/kg within 1 hour when the nociception had been observed. It was also found that at the same doses, huwentoxin- Ⅰ was less effective in antinociception than ω-conotoxin-MVIIA. However, ω-conotoxin-MVIIA, but not huwentoxinⅠ , caused an obvious motor dysfunction at these doses. The action of morphine hydrochloride was initiated faster, but lasted for a shorter time than that of huwentoxin- Ⅰ and ω-conotoxin-MVIIA. Thus, huwentoxinⅠ , a potent blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, induced a remarkable dosedependent restrain effect similar to ω-conotoxin-MVIIA and morphine on the tonic visceral pain produced by colonic wall injection of formalin in conscious rats.

Objective To study the expression of intestinal dipeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) protein in gastric cancer patients at different nutritional status,and to explore the possible regulatory mechanism.Methods According to Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) score,a total of 60 gastric cancer patients were divided into nutritional risk group (NRS 2002 score ≥ 3,n =18) and non-nutritional risk group (NRS 2002 score ＜ 3,n =42).With specimens of the small intestinal mucosa taken during operation,the expression of intestinal PEPT1 protein was detected using Western blot.The serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-o) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of PEPT1 in Caco-2 cells treated with different concentrations of TNF-α (20,50,100 μg/L) were detected using Western blot at different time points (24,48,72 hours).Results The expression of intestinal PEPT1 (0.63 vs.0.23,P =0.000) and serum TNF-o concentration (0.23 μg/L vs.0.17 μg/L,P =0.001) in the nutritional risk group were significantly higher than those in the non-nutritional risk group.In Caco-2 cells,those treated with different concentrations of TNF-α (20,50,100 μg/L) for 24 hours had significantly higher PEPT1 expression than the blank group did (0.68 vs.0.54,P =0.005 ; 0.72 vs.0.54,P =0.001 ;0.78 vs.0.54,P =0.000).The Caeo-2 cells treated with 50 μg/L TNF-α for 24,48,and 72 hours had significantly higher PEPT1 expression compared with the cells in the blank group (0.57 vs.0.52,P =0.004 ; 0.75 vs.0.52,P =0.000 ; 0.77 vs.0.52,P =0.000).Conclusion The expression of intestinal PEPT1 protein was increased in gastric cancer patients with nutritional risk,which was probably attributed to the regulation of TNF-α.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of a novel anvil insertion technique in intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy and esophagogastrostomy after laparoscopic total or proximal gastrectomy.Methods A total of 40 patients with gastric cancer underwent laparoscopy-assisted radical total or proximal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection,followed by esophagojejunostomy or esophagogastrostomy using a reverse anvil insertion technique (the observation group,n =22) or traditional open surgery technique (the control group,n =18).Data of the two groups were compared.Results In observation group,laparoscopic total gastrectomy and esophagojejunostomy were successfully performed in 17 patients,laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and esophagogastrostomy were successfully performed in the 5 patients,and no conversion to open surgery occurred.The mean time of operation was (272.0 ±49.8)min,including (12.9 ±4.3)min for anvil insertion and (48.1 ± 12.8)min for digestive tract reconstruction,which were significantly shorter than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The mean time of getting out of bed in observation group was (3.4 ± 0.8) d,the mean time of post-surgical eating was (8.0 ± 2.6) d,and the mean time of hospitalization was (10.8 ±3.3)d,which were all similar with those from the control group (P ＞0.05).Conclusion The reverse anvil insertion technique is a reliable strategy for laparoscopic esophagojejunostomy or esophagogastrostomy.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical outcomes of second sacral alar-iliac (S2AI) technique utilized in patients with tuberculosis of Lumbosacral spine.Methods 24 cases (15 male,9 female,aged 36-73 years old,average 47.1 years) of tuberculosis of Lumbosacral spine were collected for surgery using spinal and pelvic fixation system (S2AI or IS) between January 2014 and May 2016.Lumbosacral pain and restricted movement were noticed in all cases,of which 9 cases with radiating pain of lower limb and 7 cases with intermittent claudication,2 cases with saddle anesthesia.Formal anti-tuberculosis medicine treatment was given for at least 2-3 weeks before operation.All patients with lumbosacropelvic fixation were compared by recording with ESR/CRP,preoperatively,postoperatively and the last following-up.The clinical effect oswestry disability index (ODI) score,visual analogue scale (VAS),ambulatory status,SF-36 scale and related complications of 2 groups were also compared.Results The average follow-up period was average 23.4 months in the two groups.The results show that operative time,blood loss,drainage time,hospitalization days and fusion time were not statistically significant;the recording of ESR,CRP,ODI,VAS scores and ambulatory status scores between S2AI and IS groups showed no significantly different,preoperatively,postoperatively and the last following-up.Comparisons within each group were improved at postoperatively and the last following-up related to preoperatively;The difference of the SF-36 scales in each group was statistically significant between preoperatively and the last following-up;There was no statistically difference in recurrence,sinus,pseudarthrosis between two groups,but The S2AI technique was associated with lower rates of symptomatic screw prominence compared to the IS technique.Conclusion Application of S2AI screw technique in the treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis can achieve solid fixation and satisfactory clinical effect,and reduce the complications of traditional IS screws,which is an alternative method of posterior structure reconstruction of lumbosacral tuberculosis.