Objective To summarize the clinical features of patients suffering from pulmonary embolism (PE) with D-dimer ＜ 0. 5 μg/mL in order to raise the diagnostic accuracy and reduce the mortality rate of PE. MethodsD-dimer-negative patients with suspected PE were admitted from January 2006 through December 2009. A comparison of clinical features including clinical manifestations, vital signs, laboratory and ancillary findings between 16 patients finally diagnosed PE and 41 patients without PE. ResultsCompared with patients without PE, the D-dimer-negative patients with PE usually had past history of venous thromembolism (VTE) or recent surgery. The symptoms of chest tightness, acute dyspnea, tachypnea, lower extremity edema and typical S I QⅢTⅢ changes of ECG were more often occurred in patients with PE than those in patients without PE of control group. ConclusionsD-dimer test is a good screening test for acute PE because its negative predictive value is high, but when the patients have acute dyspnea, lower extremity edema, previous history of VTE or/and recent surgery and ECG SI QⅢ TⅢ changes, even if D -dimer ＜ 0. 5 μg/mL, clinicians also should pay attention to and if necessary, further tests should be considered to confirm the diagnosis of PE.

Interleukin-15 is a multffunctional cytokine,which are the activating and induction factors of the T-cell,B-cell,NK-cell and lymphokine-activated killer cell (LAK).It can stimulate hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and differentiation,enhance immunity and has anti-tumor effects.IL-15 and IL-2 have similar structures and functions,but many activating effects of IL-15 are stronger than the other's.IL-15 is closely related to tumor development,and has broad application prospects in biological therapy of cancer.

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of budesonide in combination with salbutamol sulfate and ambroxol through fog inhalation in the treatment of elderly patients older than 70 years with acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pneumonia disease (AECOPD). Methods A total of 58 elderly patients older than 70 years with AECOPD were randomly assigned to receive medication of budesonide in combination with salbutamol sulfate and ambroxol through fog inhalation in addition to conventional therapy ( n = 58 treatment group). In the control group,56 AECOPD patients received conventional therapy (including oxygen uptaking,anti-infection, medication, relieving asthma, eliminating sputum, nutritional support, et al). Results The overall effective rate in the treatment group was 76.79% (43/56) ,which was significantly lower than that in the control group 89. 66% (52/58) ( χ2 = 6. 46, P = 0. 007 ). Blood gas analysis ( pH, PaCO2, PaO2 ) and lung function ( FEV1/FVC, FEV1 occupy prospect% ) outcome were significantly improved after treatment (Ps ＜ 0.05 ). We found no significant difference in the comparison of the blood gas analysis improvement between the treatment and control ( Ps ＞ 0. 05 ), whereas significant difference was observed in the improvement on lung function between the two groups (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Combined budesonide with salbutamol sulfate and ambroxol through fog inhalation in addition to conventional therapy has a significant better effect and less side effects on the treatment of AECOPD patients older than 70 years.

Fluorouracil,platinum and taxane are commonly used in the current chemotherapy of gastric cancer.The relationship between the key molecular biomarkers of mechanism of drug action and drug sensitivity has become a researchful hotspot,which is the prerequisite to achieve individualized treatment of gastric cancer.

Limitation of donor source for allograft makes the xenotrans plantation be focus again.But xenotransplantation rejection is far more complicated than allotransplantation.This article reviewd the progress of xenotransplantation rejection and its strategy.

[Summary] Glucose homeostasis is precisely regulated by glucagon of pancreaticαcell and insulin ofβcell secretion.Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by insulin deficiency or insulin resistance (IR). Absolute or relative excess of glucagon secretion may play an important role in the development of diabetes.Previously more studies on the functions of islet βcells were reported,but less on islet αcells. There are a variety of factors involved in the regulation of glucagon secretion,such as nutrients,endocrine hormones and neurotransmitters. High fasting and postprandial blood glucose in patients with diabetes are associated with increased glucagon.Isletαcell dysfunction is closely related to the development of diabetes and the ability of responding to hypoglycemia.Further studies of α cell function and its role on the development of diabetes could provide insight into the treatment of diabetes.

Objective To compare the efficacy of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis by partial inferior turbinectomy and using semiconductor laser surgery .Methods The efficacy of 53 chronic hypertrophic rhinitis patients with partial inferior turbinectomy(groupⅠ) and 62 patients treated with semiconductor laser surgery(groupⅡ) were analyzed retrospectively.Results the total effective rate of the groupⅠ treated by semiconductor laser surgury was 87 1% and groupⅡ treated by partial inferior turbinectomy was 90 4%. There was no significant difference (P

Growth differentiation factor(GDF)-15,a distant member of the transforming growth factor-? cytokine superfamily,is a powerful cardioprotective factor.Many studies have demonstrated that serum GDF-15 level is a novel marker closely associated with the diagnosis,risk stratification,and prognosis of several cardiovascular diseases.This article mainly reviews the characteristics of GDF-15 and its multifunction in cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To investigate the expression of human defensin-alpha1-3 (HNP1-3) in breast cancer and in normal tissues and determine whether there exists a relationship between HNP1-3 expression and clinicopathologic features.Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression levels of HNP1-3 in 59 breast cancer specimens,and 20 normal tissues (fibroadenoma of breast or tumor-adjacent tissues).The relationship of the expression levels of HNP1-3 with patient’s age,clinical stage,histological grade,lymph node metastases and expression of PR/ER/C-erB-2 was analyzed.Results High level expression of HNP1-3 (95%) was expressed in those normal breast tissues.Different expression of HNP1-3 was found in breast cancer specimens and closely correlated with tumor histological stage and lymph node metastases (P

Objective To evaluate the centralization of the distal stem of hip femoral prosthesis after total hip replacement with CT imaging. Methods T he 4th zone of the femoral stem of hip prosthesis in 18 cases was scanned with c omputerized tomography; the affected limb was fixed, the window level was 1 500 to 2 000. The rectangular coordinat was established, its origin was the center o f femoral medullary cavity, and the line parallel with the connecting line betwe en the posterior borders of femoral medial lateral condyles was X axis. The foll owed variables were recorded on CT imaging: 1)the distance of the centers(the me dullary cavity center and femoral prosthetic center); 2) medullary cavity radius ; 3) the distance of the centers/medullary cavity radius; 4) the relationship of the prosthetic hip and quadrant; 5) metal pseudo imagines.The distal femoral st em of hip prosthesis could be measured and analyzed. Results Through CT scan, th e location of the distal stem in femoral medullary cavity could be accurately sh own and viewed directly. The distances between the femoral stem tips and the cen ters of medullary cavity, the radius of femoral medullary cavity, and the quadra nt which the stem tips are located at, could be considered as quantitative indic es on the centralization of the femoral distal stem of hip prosthesis. Conclusio n The centralized status of the distal stem of hip prosthesis can be observed wi th CT imaging. CT imaging is a kind of accurate and quantitative analysis method . It not only can guide the doctor to study and improve the surgical techniques, but also offer a reliable basis for correlative research. [